Faculty of Basic and Medical Science

Permanent URI for this community

https://kwasuspace.kwasu.edu.ng/handle/123456789/28

Browse

Browsing Faculty of Basic and Medical Science by Issue Date

Filter results by year or month
Now showing 1 - 20 of 29
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Protective effects of methanol extract of Plukenetia conophora seeds and 4H-Pyran-4-One 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-Dihydroxy-6-Methyl on the reproductive function of male Wistar rats treated with cadmium chloride
    (JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 2018) Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan
    Objectives: Male infertility caused by exposure to heavy metals is a current global issue. Exposure to cad mium chloride (CdCl2 ) negatively affects the male repro ductive system. Many infertile people, especially in devel oping countries, resort to folkloric treatment. Plukenetia conophora is used in Nigerian folk medicine to promote fertility. This study investigated the effects of Plukenetia conophora (PC) and 4H-Pyran-4-One 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-Di hydroxy-6-Methyl (DDMP) on Wistar rats with cadmium chloride-induced testicular damage. Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats (150-190g) were divided into seven groups (n=6) and treated daily for 54 days as follows: Controls (normal saline); CdCl2 (2mg/kg single IP dose); CdCl2 + 200 mg/kg vitamin E; CdCl2 + 100 or 200 mg/kg PC; and CdCl2 + 25 or 50 mg/kg DDMP. The rats were sacrificed 55 days after the start of the study; Samples were collected for analysis. Biochemical parame ters malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, antioxidant enzymes, and proton pumps were measured by spectrophotometry. Reproductive hormones were measured using ELISA. Data were analysed using ANOVA and differences in mean val ues were considered significant at p<0.05. Results: Significant increases in sperm count, motility, and viability were observed in the groups given CdCl2 +Vi tamin E, CdCl2 +PC or CdCl2 +DDMP as compared with the CdCl2 group. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in the groups treated with CdCl2 +PC or CdCl2 +DDMP decreased significantly when compared with the group given CdCl2 . Significant increases were observed in antioxidant en zymes, proton pump, and testosterone in the groups treat ed with CdCl2 +PC or CdCl2 +DDMP, respectively. Conclusion: Plukenetia conophora alleviated male re productive toxicity induced by cadmium chloride in Wistar rats. 4H-Pyran-4-One 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-Dihydroxy-6-Meth yl present in Plukenetia conophora may be responsible for the ameliorative effects.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Ovarian Metabolic activity in Dehydroepiandrosterone-Induced Polycystic Ovary in Wistar rats Treated with Aspirin
    (JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 2019) Olugbemi T Olaniyan
    Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rep resents 75% of the cases of anovulatory infertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of aspirin on de hydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) - induced polycystic ovary syndrome in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty eight (28) pre-pubertal female Wis tar rats of 21 days old weighing 16 - 21 g were divided into 4 groups (7 rats/group) and treated as follows; group I received distilled water and served as Control; Group II re ceived 6 mg/100 g body weight DHEA in 0.2 ml of oil sub cutaneously to induce PCOS. Group III received 7.5 mg/ kg of aspirin orally; Group IV received 6 mg/100kg of body weight of DHEA in 0.2ml of oil subcutaneously and 7.5 mg/ kg of aspirin orally. After 15 days of administration, the rats were slaughtered by cervical dislocation. Blood sam ples and ovaries were collected for reproductive hormonal analysis, biochemical and histopathological analysis. The expressions of mRNA androgen receptor (AR) gene in the ovary were determined by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). All the data was an alyzed using one way ANOVA with the Graph pad prism software version 6. A p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results obtained showed that dehydroe piandrosterone treatment caused significant decrease (p<0.05) in total protein, superoxide Dismutase (SOD), glutathione-s- transferase (GST), Ca2+ ATPase, and signif icant increase (p<0.05) in malondialdehyde, vascular en dothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor and estrogen as compared to Controls. The group co-administered with DHEA and aspirin showed significant increases in SOD, GST, CAT, GSH, Progesterone, Ca2+ ATPase, Na+ ATPase, H+ ATPase and significant reduction (p<0.05) in malondi aldehyde, VEGF, TNF-α and estrogen as compared with the DHEA group. The histopathological analysis showed reduc tions in cystic fibrosis, atretic ovaries, increased expression of Bcl-2 and E- Cadherin and reduced Bax expression in the group that received Aspirin and DHEA. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrates that Aspirin has ameliorating effects against polycystic ovary syndrome via anti-inflammatory and hormonal modulatory pathways.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Vitamin C suppresses ovarian pathophysiology in experimental polycystic ovarian syndrome
    (Elsevier - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, 2019) Olugbemi T. Olaniyan
    Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), also known as the Stein-Leventhal syndrome is one of the most common causes of anovulation, infertility and hyperandrogenism in women, affecting between 5–10 % of women of reproductive age (12–35 years) worldwide. Despite substantial effort to define the cause of PCOS, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Consequently, determining the mech anisms of PCOS and the possible treatment is the major goal of medical research in endocrine and reproductive physiology. Aim: To investigate the mechanism of ovarian metabolic changes in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) induced polycystic ovary in Wistar rats treated with vitamin C. Methods: Twenty-eight immature female Wistar rats weighing (16–21 g) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7/group): group I served as control and was given water, group II were injected with DHEA (6 mg/100 g in 0.2 ml corn oil subcutaneously to induce PCOS condition), group III received 150 mg/kg BW of Vitamin C orally, group IV were co-administered with 6 mg/kg BW DHEA in 0.2 ml of corn oil subcutaneously and 150 mg/kg BW of Vitamin C orally. All treatments lasted for 15 days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood samples and ovaries were collected for reproductive hormonal analysis, biochemical and histopathological analysis. The expressions of mRNA androgen receptor gene in the ovary were determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. All data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. Results: There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the antioxidant and metabolic enzyme activity in the DHEA treated group compared with the control group. DHEA co-administration with Vitamin C showed a significant decrease in Malondialdehyde, cytokines and Estrogen and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in antioxidant and metabolic enzymes compared with DHEA treated group only. The histopathological evaluation demonstrates a reduction in cystic and atretic ovaries, increased expression of Bcl2and E Cadherin with a reduction in Bax expression in the group co-administered with DHEA and Vitamin C. The DHEA group showed overexpression of mRNA Androgen Receptor gene in the ovaries compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study shows that Vitamin C plays a protective role against DHEA-Induced Polycystic Ovary in Wistar rats via its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    QuercetinmodulatesgranulosacellmRNA androgenreceptorgeneexpressionin dehydroepiandrosterone-inducedpolycystic ovaryinWistarratsviametabolicandhormonal pathways
    (Journal ofBasicandClinicalPhysiologyandPharmacology - DE GRUYTER, 2019) OlugbemiT.Olaniyan
    Background: It is estimated that about 5–10% of women suffer from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) which is a major cause of female reproductive dysfunction. This study examined the role of quercetin on de hydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCO in Wistar rats. AutomaticallygeneratedroughPDFbyProofCheckfromRiverValleyTechnologiesLtd Methods: Twenty-eight pre-pubertal female Wistar rats that are 21 days old weighing 16–21 g were sorted into four groups (n = 7). Group I served as control and was given distilled water only, Group II were injected with 6 mg/100gBWofDHEAin0.2mLofcornoilsubcutaneously, Group III received 100 mg/kg BW of quercetin orally and Group IV received 6 mg/100 g BW of DHEA in 0.2 mL of corn oil subcutaneously and 100 mg/kg BWof quercetin orally. Rats were sacrificed after 15 days by cervical dislocation method. Blood samples and ovaries were collected for hormonal, biochemical, and histopathological analysis and expressions of mRNA androgen receptor gene were determined using RT–qPCR. All data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. Results: Asignificant decrease (p <0.05) intheantioxidant andmetabolicenzymeactivityintheDHEAtreated group was observed when compared with control. DHEA co-administration with quercetin showed a signifi cant decrease in malondialdehyde and cytokines when comparedwithDHEAtreatedgroup.Alsoasignificant increase in progesterone,metabolicandantioxidantenzymeactivitywasobserved.Thehistopathologydemon strates a reduction in cystic and atretic cells, improved expression of BCl2, E-Cadherin and a decrease in Bax. Conclusions: Quercetin alleviated DHEA-induced PCO. These effects could be attributed to its antioxidant property.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Synthesis and characterisation of steroidal inhibitors of-amylase,-glucosidase and oxidative species
    (Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2019) Olugbemi T. Olaniyan
    BACKGROUND:Management of cellular metabolism and blood glucose levels are significant in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and oxidative diseases. Consequently, steroid and peptide hormone-based drugs such as methylprednisolone and insulin have been the most effective and safe methods of treatment. OBJECTIVE: Our study investigated the digestive enzymes and oxidative species inhibitory potentials of seven derived biologically important steroids. METHODS: Syntheses of the steroidal inhibitors (SIs) were accomplished by functional group transformations. Char acterisation of SIs was achieved by spectroscopic techniques; followed by in-vitro enzyme and oxidative suppression studies. RESULTS: NMRdata revealed the presence of a steroid backbone, azomethine, carbonyl, and oxymethine peaks while the vibrational bands were further confirmed by the FTIR. The enzyme suppression activities of the SIs were influenced by the presence of histidine residue and free proton groups. However, the antioxidant activities were solely dependent on the free proton groups on the steroid backbone or the number of the histidine side chain. SIs [3, 4, and 6] exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on the enzyme activities compared to SIs [1, 2, 5, and 7], while a potent antioxidant activity was reported by SI [5]. CONCLUSIONS:Generally,SIswithhydroxyland-aminoacidfunctionalitieshaveastrongaffinityfor the enzymeactive site than the substrate; hence, the hydrolysis of the-1,4-glycosidic bonds of saccharide was hindered. In vivo administration of SIs [3, 4, and 6] should take into cognizance the suppression effect at doses ≤939.49 g/mL as well as the potential to induce abnormal bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the colon at high concentration.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Testis and blood-testis barrier in Covid-19 infestation: role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in male infertility
    (J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020 - DE GRUYTER, 2020) Olugbemi T. Olaniyan
    Abstract: Severeacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2 (SARS- CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 infections penetrates body cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors. Evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 can also affect the urogenital tract. Hence, it should be given serious attention when treating COVID-19-infected male patients of reproductive age group. Other viruses like HIV, mumps, papilloma and Epstein–Barr can induce viral orchitis, germ cell apoptosis, inflammation and germ cell destruction with attending infertility and tumors. The blood-testis barrier (BTB) and blood-epididymis barrier (BEB) are essential physical barricades in the male repro ductive tract located between the blood vessel and semi niferous tubulesinthetestes.Despitethesignificantroleof these barriers in male reproductive function, studies have shown that a wide range of viruses can still penetrate the barriers and induce testicular dysfunctions. Therefore, this mini-review highlights the role of ACE2 receptors in pro moting SARS-CoV-2-induced blood-testis/epididymal bar rier infiltration and testicular dysfunction.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Toxicity studies of extract of African Mistletoe: Agelanthus Dodoneifolius Polh and Wiens in Rats
    (Nigerian Biomedical Science Journal, 2020) Olugbemi T. Olaniyan
    A different diseases such as circulatory and respiratory diseases, malaria, diabetes, hypertension and sterility. The sub-acute toxicity studies of water extract of Agelathus dodoneifolius was undertaken to assess its safety and tolerability profile in long term treatment. Sub-acute toxicity (21-days) studies with Agelathus dodoneifolius were done on rats to determine its consequences on food and fluid intake, body weight, heamatological, biochemical, and mortality. Rats treated with the extracts had progressive decrease in food, fluid intake and body weight which was significantly (P< 0.05) and highly significant (P< 0.01) different from control. The water extract increased both haematological and liver function indices significantly compare to the control. The renal function parameters were not significantly different in all the groups. These preliminary results suggest that water extract of Agelanthus dodoneifolius was likely to be non toxic. However, increase in liver enzymes will require further histopathological and chronic toxicity evaluation to confirm its safety.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    DERMATOGLYPHIC APPRAISAL OF MULTIPLE BIRTHS WOMEN IN IGBO-ORA AND OGBOMOSHO, SOUTH WEST, NIGERIA
    (Anatomy Journal of Africa, 2020) Olugbemi T. Olaniyan
    The scientific study of epidermal ridges on the palms and toes is termed dermatoglyphics. Multiple births occur when more than one fetus results from a single pregnancy. This study is aimed at determining the relationship if any between multiple births and palmar flexion creases. Two hundred Igbo-Ora and one hundred Ogbomosho healthy and consenting adult female indigenes aged between 25-50 years were recruited and grouped into 4; group I consisted of multiple births women in Igbo Ora; group II consisted of single births women in Igbo-Ora; group III consisted of multiple births women in Ogbomosho; and group IV consisted of single births women in Ogbomosho. A total of 600 palms (Igbo-Ora n=400; Ogbomosho n=200) comprising of both hands were used in the study. Palm prints samples were obtained by asking the participants to wash their hands, towel dry them, after which they were stained with stamp ink pad and prints made on A4 paper in duplicates. Palm print patterns of 105 (Igbo-Ora) and 50 (Ogbomosho) women with multiple births were compared with 95 (Igbo-Ora) and 50 (Ogbomosho) women with single births. The percentage number of primary, P and intersection, I of palmar creases with complete transverse creases, C (PIC) 300 bilaterally was significantly greater (p < 0.005) in the hands of Igbo-Ora multiple births women (52.4 %) than their single births women (37.4%) while same trend was observed for Ogbomosho women although difference was statistically insignificant,(p > 0.005). In both Igbo-Ora and Ogbomosho women, PIC 310 bilaterally was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in both hands of single births women than the multiple births women. Hence, dermatoglyphics can be said to have relationship with a woman’s tendency to giving birth to multiples.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF HONEY AND SOME SELECTED BEVERAGES ON HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN MALE WISTAR RATS
    (Al-Hikmah Journal of Education (AHJE)., 2020-06-21) A. Oluwasola; A.O. Akiode; O.E. Ayoola; A. T. Woleola; Garba Sa’adu
    This study investigated a comparative study of the effects of honey and some selected beverages on haematological parameters in male wistar rats. Twenty five male rats (180-220g) were assigned into 5 groups of 5 animals each, such that the rats in groups I, II, III, IV and V received orally 1mL distilled water, 0.2mg/kg body weight (BW) of honey, 0.2mg/kg BW of vitamin C, 0.3mg/kg body weight (BW) of zobo and 0.2mg/kg BW of cocoa power, respectively. White blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), neutrophils, eosinophils, pack cell volume (PVC), haemoglobin (Hb) and lymphocytes were measured using standard methods. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils for all the treated groups when compared to the control. However, there were significant increase (p<0.05) in RBC, Hb and PVC for honey, zobo and cocoa powder -treated groups when compared to vitamin c-treated group and the control. There were also significant increase (p<0.05) in RBC and Hb for honey and zobo-treated groups when compared to cocoa powder, vitamin c-treated groups and the control. This study showed that honey, zobo and cocoa powder stimulate haematological parameters most especially, RBC, PCV and Hb respectively. It is therefore recommended that honey, zobo and cocoa powder could be taken by people with shortage of RBC, PCV and Hb respectively. In addition, honey and zobo are highly recommended because of their high stimulatory effects on haematological parameters.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Increase in SARS-CoV-2 infected biomedical waste among low middle-income countries: environmental sustainability and impact with health implications
    (J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacology - de gruyter, 2021) Olugbemi T. Olaniyan
    Studies have shown that severe acute respira tory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly in fectious disease, withglobaldeathsrisingtoabout360,438 as of 28 May 2020. Different countries have used various approaches such as lockdown, social distancing, mainte nanceofpersonalhygiene, andincreasedestablishmentof testing andisolationcenterstomanagethepandemic.Poor biomedical waste (BMW) management, treatment, and disposaltechniques,especiallySARS-CoV-2infectedBMW, maythreaten the environmental and public health in most developing countries and, by extension, impact the eco nomic status of individuals and the nation at large. This mayincreasethepotentialforthetransmissionofair/blood body fluid-borne pathogens, increase the growth of micro organisms, risk of mutagenesis, and upsurge of morevirulent strain. In contrast, uncontrolled substandard burning could increase the potential spread of nosocomial infection and environmental exposure to toxic organic compounds, heavy metals, radioactive, and genotoxic bio-aerosols which might be present in the gaseous, liquid, and solid by-products. The paucity of understanding of pathophysiology and manage ment of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has also necessitated the need to put in place appropriate disposal techniques to cater for the sudden increase in the global demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) and pharmaceutical drugs to manage the pandemic and to reduce the risk of preventable infection by the waste. Therefore, there is a need for adequate sensitization, awareness, and environmental monitoring of the impacts of improper handling of SARS-CoV-2 infected BMWs.Hence,this review aimed to address the issues relating to the improper management of increased SARS-CoV-2 infected BMW in low middle-income countries (LMICs).
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Immobilised tannin: Efficient trap for nickel and lead ions in aqueous solution
    (Environmental Challenges - ELSEVIER, 2021) Olugbemi T. Olaniyan
    Quantity of water is a major concern, but the quality is of more urgent concern due to heavy metal pollution. In this study, the focus was to develop adsorbents (tannin resin (TR) and iron-doped tannin resin (Fe-TR)) from invasive Acacia mearnsii for Pb 2 + and Ni 2 + in solution. The developed TR and Fe-TR were prepared directly by crosslinking and iron-grafting; respectively with thermal stable at ≤ 350 °C. Surface functionality analysis revealed the presence of chelating groups at ≈ 1688 and 3661 cm − 1 . The crystallite sizes of the adsorbents were smaller compared to tannin; however, the % carbon and nitrogen were significantly higher. Also, the Brunauer Emmet–Teller study revealed that iron-grafting of tannin after crosslinking increases the surface area, pore volume and pore size. Furthermore, the surface morphology of adsorbents indicated a well-defined structure with the formation of a whitish deposit and rough lump-like after ion uptake. Both adsorbents showed a type II isotherm with adsorption capacities of 40.650 mg/g and 13.763 mg/g for Pb 2+ and 120.63 mg/g and 110.74 for Ni 2 + ion by TR and Fe-TR; respectively. The absorbate-adsorbent interactions were observed to be endothermic with negative and positive Gibb’s free energy values for the adsorption of Pb 2 + and Ni 2 + ; respectively. The adsorption kinetics of Ni 2 + is governed by several models; however, Pb 2 + interaction is regulated by Pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the data generated offered the possibility of both chemisorption and physisorption processes; highlighting the flexibility and multifunctionality of tannin traps for the erasure of ion impurities in wastewater.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Ovarian odorant-like biomolecules in promoting chemotaxis behavior of spermatozoa olfactory receptors during migration, maturation, and fertilization
    (Middle East Fertility Society Journal, 2021) Olugbemi T. Olaniyan
    Background: Studies have shown that olfactory receptor genes are the largest in the human genome, which are significantly expressed in olfactory and non-olfactory tissues such as the reproductive systems where they perform many important biological functions. Main body: There is growing evidence that bioactive metabolites from the ovary, follicular fluid, and other parts of the female reproductive tract signal the sperm through a series of signal transduction cascades that regulate sperm migration, maturation, and fertilization processes. Several studies have highlighted the role of G-protein-coupled receptors in these cellular processes. Thus, we aimed to summarize the existing evidence describing the physiological role of most prominent exogenous and endogenous biomolecules found in the female reproductive organ in enhancing the chemotaxis behavior of spermatozoa during migration, maturation, and fertilization and also to elucidate the pathological implications of its dysfunctions and the clinical significance in human fertility. Short conclusion: In the future, drugs and molecules can be designed to activate these receptors on sperm to facilitate fertility among infertile couples and use as contraceptives.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Adansonia digitata aqueous leaf extract ameliorates dexamethasone-induced testicular injury in male Wistar rats
    (Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 2021) Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan
    Objective: To evaluate the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Adansonia (A.) digitata L on dexamethasone-induced testicular damage in male Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty adult male Wistar rats weighing 170-190 g were divided into four groups. Group栺received 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer orally for 28 days and served as the normal control group; group栻 received 10 mg/kg of dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid) intraperitoneally for 7 days and 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer orally for 21 days, group栿 received 10 mg/kg of dexamethasone for 7 days and 800 mg/kg of A. digitata extract orally for 21 days; group 桇 received 10 mg/kg of dexamethasone for 7 days and 300 mg/kg of vitamin-E orally for 21 days. Dexamethasone was administered intra-peritoneally for 7 days and all administration lasted for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed by anesthesia with diethyl ether and the testes of each animal were harvested. The testis was homogenized in 0.25 M sucrose at 4°曟 for biochemical and histological analyses. Results: Administration of dexamethasone significantly decreased body weight, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (P<0.05), and significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) activities (P<0.05). The degeneration in the population of spermatogonia and vacuolation and abnormal widening of the interstitial spaces were observed in the rats treated with dexamethasone. However, administration of A. digitata significantly increased SOD, GPx, G6PDH, and LDH levels, significantly decreased MDA activities and improved the histoarchitecture of the testis (P<0.05). Conclusions: A. digitata may have an ameliorative effect on dexamethasone-induced testicular damage in Wistar rats because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Aqueous extract of Adansonia digitata prevents Cadmium Chloride-induced testicular damage in Wistar Rats
    (J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacology - de gruyter, 2021) Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan
    Objectives: The role of aqueous extract of Adansonia dig itata was investigated against cadmium chloride-induced testicular damage in Wistar Rats. Methods: Thirty (30) male Wistar Rats weighing (150–170) were divided into six groups (n=5). Group A served as con trol and received oral administration of phosphate buffer saline; groupBreceived800mg/kgA.digitataonly;groupC wereinjectedintraperitoneallywithsingledose2mg/kgb.w cadmium chloride; group D were injected intraperitoneally with single dose2 mg/kgb.wcadmiumchlorideandtreated with 800 mg/kg aqueous extract of A. digitata; groupE received 300 mg/kg vitamin E only; group F were injected intraperitoneally with single dose 2 mg/kg b.w cadmium chloride and treated with 300 mg/kg vitamin E. After 21 days, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, thetestes wereexcisedfixedinBouinsfluidsforhistological analysis and the other homogenized in5%sucrose solution for determination of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme activity, biochemical assay. Results: The group treated with cadmium chloride plus A. digitata caused significant decrease in MDA levels with significant increase (p<0.05) in antioxidant activities and biochemical enzymes when compared to cadmium chlo ride only group. Conclusions: Aqueous extract of A. digitata appears to have ameliorative effect against cadmium chloride induced testicular damage. This could be attributed to the presence of polyphenolic compound
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Impact of COVID-19 on assisted reproductive technologies and its multifacet influence on global bioeconomy
    (Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine, 2021) Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan
    Several nations of the world have issued instructions such as travel restrictions, border closure, and lockdown, plus other directives proposing that non-essential care must be withdrawn including assisted reproductive services, in an attempt to identify resources to ascertain the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2. This has led to massive shortage in medical supplies, inappropriate service delivery, hike in price, decrease in staff work load, salary cut, decrease in the utilization of qualitative maternal, and reproductive health-care services thereby creating high risk on reproductive health and global bioeconomy. The search for right candidate for the management of coronavirus disease 2019 and several reproductive health challenges begins with the screening of natural products to identify novel active constituent. Moreover, there is need to pay more attention to crucial phytochemical, bioactive fractions, phytoanalysis, and phytopharmacological investigation for effective drug discovery most especially these bioresources from beneficial microorganisms, plants, and ocean deposits that could help in mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 and reproduction health challenges through chemoinformatics, informatics, synthetic biology, nanotechnology, and metabolomics hence boosting the global economy.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Modulatory Role of Vitamin E on Proton Pump (ATPase) Activity of Cadmium Chloride-Induced Testicular Damage in Wistar Rats
    (Hindawi BioMed Research International, 2021) Olugbemi T. Olaniyan
    Proton pumps are membrane-bound enzymes important in generating gradients that help in maintaining cellular ion homeostasis, cell membrane potential, water, and solute transport across the cell surface. This study investigated the modulatory role of vitamin E on proton pump activity and reproductive parameters in cadmium-induced testicular damage. Twenty (20) male Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200g were sorted into 4 groups of five rats each. Group I served as the control and was given normal saline orally, Group II rats were treated with a single dose of 2mg/kg BW cadmium chloride (CdCl2) intraperitoneally, Group III rats were given 100mg/kg BW of vitamin E orally, and Group IV rats were given 100mg/kg BW of vitamin E orally for 30 days prior to intraperitoneal administration of single dose of 2mg/kg BW of cadmium chloride. The rats were anaesthetized with diethyl ether, and blood samples were obtained for sex hormonal analysis; caudal epididymis was dissected for sperm count, motility, and viability, and the testis were homogenized for lipid peroxidation and proton pump (Na+/K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase, and Mg2+ ATPase) activity. Proton pump activity was assayed spectrophotometrically using the Stewart method to determine the inorganic phosphate level. Histopathological changes of the testis were also studied. The group treated with CdCl2 showed a significant (p <0:05) decrease in proton pump activity, sperm count, and motility and a significant (p <0:05) increase in malondialdehyde level when compared with the control group. The CdCl2-treated group also showed decrease reproductive organ weights and hormonal levels and cause necrosis of spermatogonia lining the seminiferous tubules. Rats treated with vitamin E orally for 30 days prior to CdCl2 exposure showed improvement in proton pump activity, a significant (p<0:05) increase in sperm parameters and luteinizing hormonal level, and a decrease in the lipid peroxidation level as compared with the CdCl2 group. This study showed that vitamin E ameliorated the toxic effect of CdCl2 on proton pump activity in the testes, hence improving testicular integrity, structures, and functions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Cocos nucifera L. oil alleviates lead acetate induced reproductive toxicity in sexually-matured male Wistar rats
    (J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacology de gruyter, 2021) Olugbemi T. Olaniyan
    Objectives: Lead primarily affects male reproductive functions via hormonal imbalance and morphological damagetothetesticulartissuewithsignificantalterationin sperm profile and oxidative markers. Though, different studies have reported that Cocos nucifera L. oil has a wide range of biological effects, this study aimed at investi gating the effect of Cocos nucifera L. oil on lead acetate induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty (20) sexually matured male Wistar rats (55–65 days) were randomly distributed into four groups (n=5). Group I (negative control)—distilled water orally for 56 days, Group II (positive control)—5 mg/kg bwt lead acetate intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 14 days, Group III— 6.7 mL/kg bwt Cocos nucifera L. oil orally for 56 days and Group IV—lead acetate intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 14 days and Cocos nucifera L. oil for orally for 56 days. Rats were sacrificedbydiethylether,afterwhichtheserum,testisand epididymis were collected and used for semen analysis, biochemical and histological analysis. Results: The lead acetate significantly increases (p<0.05) testicular and epididymal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, whileasignificantreduction(p<0.05)inspermparameters, organ weight, testosterone and luteinizing hormone was observed when compared with the negative control. The coadministration of Cocos nucifera oil with lead acetate significantly increases (p<0.05) testosterone, luteinizing hormone, sperm parameters and organ weight, with a significant decrease (p<0.05) in MDA levels compared with positive control. Histological analysis showed that lead acetate distorts testicular cytoarchitecture and germ cell integrity while this was normalized in the cotreated group. Conclusions: Cocos nucifera oil attenuates the deleterious effects of lead acetate in male Wistar rats, which could be attributed to its polyphenol content and antioxidant properties.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Honey supplemented with Vitamin C prevents dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress induced by exposure to lead acetate in Wistar rats
    (Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2022) Olugbemi Temitope Olaniyan
    Objectives: Lead is an environmental toxicant known to cause dyslipidaemia through oxidative stress damage. The therapeutic potential of honey has widely been reported. However, there is a paucity of reports on its effects on lipid profile in Wistar rats exposed to lead. Materials and Methods: The effects of honey on antioxidants and lipid profile indicators were studied in 25 male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly assigned to one of the five groups (n = 5) as follows: Group I served as the control and received deionised water; Group II served as a lead acetate group (40 mg/kg bw) and Groups III, IV and V served as lead acetate groups coadministered with honey (1 mL/kg bw), Vitamin C (100 mg/kg bw) and honey+Vitamin C, respectively. The treatments were orally administered for 28 days. Body and liver weights were determined using an analytical weighing balance. Glucose and lead concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the lipid profile indicators were determined using spectrophotometry. The liver histology was assessed by haematoxylin and eosin staining techniques. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance, and the results were expressed as mean ± S.E.M. at P < 0.05. Results: Body weight, SOD, and TAC increased significantly in the treatment groups compared to lead acetate only. However, lead, glucose concentration, MDA, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL decreased significantly in the treatment groups compared to lead acetate only. Normal histoarchitecture of the liver was seen in the treatment groups compared to lead acetate, which showed areas of inflammation. Conclusion: These findings imply that honey prevents dyslipidaemia which is a risk factor for metabolic diseases.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Ameliorative Effect of Melatonin on Reproductive Hormones in Ethanol Extracts of Cannabis sativa-Treated Female Wistar Rats
    (The Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology (NISEB), 2022) A. Oluwasola; O.E. Ayoola; A. F. Odetayo; Garba Saa’du; L.A. Olayaki
    This study investigated the effects of melatonin and ethanol extracts of Cannabis-sativa on reproductive hormones in female rats. Twenty female rats were assigned into four groups of five animals each, such that the rats in groups 1, 2, 3and 4 received orally 1mL distilled water, 2mg/kg of ethanol extract of Cannabis sativa (EECS), 2mg/kg of EECS+4mg/kg of melatonin and 4mg/kg of melatonin, respectively for 14 days. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), oestradiol (E), progesterone and prolactin were quantified according to the instruction provided by assay kit manufacturers, using microplate immunoenzymometric (EMA/ELISA) assays. EECS significantly (p<0.05) decreased GnRH, FSH, LH, E, progesterone and prolactin levels respectively when compared with the control. However, co-administration of melatonin with EECS significantly (p<0.05) increased all the aforementioned reproductive hormones to the level comparable with the control. Histological study of hypothalamus and pituitary gland revealed that EECS-treated rats showed scanty and shrink nissl bodies and severe degeneration of acidophils and basophils when compared with the control. These pathological changes were ameliorated by melatonin. This study concluded that the effects of CS on reproductive hormones could be mediated by damage to the endocrine system. However, these effects of EECS on the reproductive hormones could be ameliorated by melatonin. The study recommended that consumption of melatonin could be used as supplement to prevent the side effects of EECS on the reproductive hormones.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Assessment of Microbiological Quality of Ready to Eat Food Served in Ships Along Warri, Koko and Port Harcourt Water Ways, Nigeria
    (Science publication, 2022-03-11) Yusuf Babatunde Adiama; Olawale Henry Sawyerr; Opasola Afolab Olaniyi; Alero Favour Fregene; Mubarakat Alabede; Raimi Morufu Olalekan
    Food borne outbreaks have been associated with sourcing unsafe food. Therefore, the first preventative strategy should be to source safe food. Even if the sourced food is safe, measures need to be put in place to ensure that it remains safe during the tra nsfer, storage, preparation and serving activities that follow. An understanding of the ship food supply and trans- fer chain will help to illustrate the points at which the food can become contaminated en route to the point of consumption. Objectives: The study was conducted in selected sea port in the core Niger Delta to assessed the microbiological quality of food served at different ship galley to crew and passengers and compered it to standard. Methods: Samples of food were taken from three (Port Harcourt Area one (PHSP), Warri (WSP) and Koko (KSP)) seaports within the South-South zone for laboratory analysis to uncover food spoilage microorganisms capable of causing disease outbreak among ship which could result to Trans border diseases. Eleven samples of different ready to eat food were collected from the locations, which included cooked rice; fried fish, irish potato porridge, vegetable soup, griki, pepper soup, fried irish potato, salad and bread were collected randomly. The samples were prepared and analyzed using standard procedures. Mean viable counts of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were determined, ranging from (13×103cfu/g to 78×104 cfu/g) for ready to eat food. Results: Based on the finding KSP I, KSP J and KSP K food samples had the highest bac- terial contamination on food while WSP F, WSP G and WSP H food samples had the least with the following isolates Salmonella spp, Nocardia spp, Shigella spp, Listeria spp, Bacillus cereus, Leuconostoc spp, Acinetobacter spp, Acetobacter spp, campylobacter spp, Clostridium spp and Vibrio spp which revealed that the isolates were susceptible to any of these antibiotics Septrin, Chloramphenicol, Gentamycin, Tarvid, Streptomycin, Reflacin, Augumetin, Ceporex, Nalidixic acid, Ampicillin, Ciproflox, Penicil- lin and Erythromycin. Conclusion: Thus, ships operators and regulatory body are expected to take all practicable measures to ensure that they do not receive unsafe or unsuitable food and maintain adequate food temperature at all time.monitoring in place.