Ovarian odorant-like biomolecules in promoting chemotaxis behavior of spermatozoa olfactory receptors during migration, maturation, and fertilization
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Date
2021
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Middle East Fertility Society Journal
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that olfactory receptor genes are the largest in the human genome, which are
significantly expressed in olfactory and non-olfactory tissues such as the reproductive systems where they perform
many important biological functions.
Main body: There is growing evidence that bioactive metabolites from the ovary, follicular fluid, and other parts of
the female reproductive tract signal the sperm through a series of signal transduction cascades that regulate sperm
migration, maturation, and fertilization processes. Several studies have highlighted the role of G-protein-coupled
receptors in these cellular processes. Thus, we aimed to summarize the existing evidence describing the
physiological role of most prominent exogenous and endogenous biomolecules found in the female reproductive
organ in enhancing the chemotaxis behavior of spermatozoa during migration, maturation, and fertilization and
also to elucidate the pathological implications of its dysfunctions and the clinical significance in human fertility.
Short conclusion: In the future, drugs and molecules can be designed to activate these receptors on sperm to
facilitate fertility among infertile couples and use as contraceptives.
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