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A preliminary study on nutrient digestibility by West African dwarf goats fed graded levels of shea nut (Vitellaria paradoxa) cake-based rations
(2016) Ogunbosoye, D. O; Tona, G. O.; Akinfemi, A.; Ajani, M. R.
Feed shortage which rises from seasonal feed deficits, erratic supply of feed ingredients with competition between humans and livestock for available feed resources, possesses a major constraint to goat production in Nigeria. This has led to low level of livestock productivity. In this regards, there is need to search for alternative but cheaper feedstuffs. Shea nut cake (SNC), an agro industrial waste product could be used as one of the economic strategy to ameliorate feed shortage. The current study was focused on the effect of dietary inclusion of Shea nut cake on nutrients digestibility of West African Dwarf goats using six (6) growing males WAD goats. Diets consist of 0%, 10% and 15% shea nut cake inclusion levels in combination with wheat offal, corn bran, cassava peel, cowpea husk, and the dietary treatments were designated as T1, T2, and T3 respectively. The experimental animals were allotted to three treatments in a completely randomized design with two animals per treatment. The animals were transferred into a wooden metabolic cage fitted with facilities to collect faeces which lasted for 14 days. Crude protein, ether extract, ash and neutral detergent fibre concentrations of the experimental diets were 9.18-11.37%, 2.03-2.79, 9.63- 12.11% and 30.69-48.51% respectively. The result obtained for average daily weight gain was higher (p<0.05) for T2 (64.29g) compared to T1 (35.72g) and T3 (35.72g) which were similar. The feed conversion ratio showed no significant (p<0.05) effect among T1 (14.32) and T3 (14.07) while T2 (8.00) is significantly higher. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed among treatment groups for nutrients digestibility. The goats placed under T2 (10%) recorded the highest digestibility coefficient for all the nutrients. However the crude protein, ether extract, ash and neutral detergent fibre digestibilities were between 45.76- 74.26%, 57.19-67.73%, 56.09-76.66% and 55.28-78.28% respectively. It was however observed that T2 (10%) SNC inclusion had the highest digestibility coefficient in all the nutrients by West African dwarf goats.
An electrophoretic study of protein diversity in five species of land snails (Achatinidae) from Nigeria
(2013) AWODIRAN M.O; AWOPETU J.I; ODEKANYIN O.O; Ogunbosoye, D. O
The protein profile of five species of achatinid snails (Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821), Achatina achatina (Linnaeus, 1758), Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822), Archachatina papyracea (Pfeiffer, 1845) and an unidentified snail species) from some parts of southern and north-central states of Nigeria was used to examine the level of genetic similarity between them and also to show whether the eight populations of Archachatina marginata studied contained sub-populations. Each of the species examined was found to have unique protein bands while the protein banding patterns of the eight populations of A. marginata showed six of the populations being taxonomically distinct because they had unique protein bands. The cluster analysis of the A. marginata samples produced two sub-species which showed geographical separation of the species. This may depict a relationship between total protein and ecological adaptation. However, there was better resolution of the protein band patterns using relative mobility of bands. The presence of common bands among the species and the eight populations of A. marginata may depict an evidence of evolutionary origin of the species studied.
Antioxidant Properties of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract on Semen Characteristics and Seminal Plasma Biochemistry of Cockerels Reared in a Semi-Humid Environment
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2017-08-08) Ojo,O. A.1 , Lawal, K. F.2
poses a major threat to the success of poultry farming as it causes reduced feed intake and weight gain among others. Commercial antioxidants are expensive and not readily available especially to small holder farmers, therefore there is an urgent need to source for a cheap, unconventional source of antioxidant to mitigate the adverse effect of heat stress. A total number of 45 cockerels were randomly distributed into 5 treatment groups, replicated 3 times with 3 cockerels per replicate under elevated summer temperature to investigate the effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaves extract (VALE) supplementation via drinking water on their reproductive characteristics which lasted for eight weeks. Parameters evaluated under semen qualitative analysis were: semen color, volume, concentration, motility, pH, live dead ratio, mass activity, morphology while under seminal biochemistry; lipid peroxidation (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (GPx and SOD) were evaluated. The results of proximate analysis revealed the presence of high crude protein (23.68%), moisture (6.68%), ash (8.90%), crude lipids (0.37%), crude fibre (7.32%), CHO (53.03%) and calorific value (1295.19KJ/mole).The result of phyto chemical screening revealed saponin (+++), tannin (+++), phenol (+++), flavonoid (++), alkaloid (++), steroid (++),glycoside (++) and anthraquinone (++). Results obtained from semen quality showed that the volume (0.62ml) and concentration (615 x 109) were higher in birds given 90mls of VALE, also the values of SOD was higher at 90mls (1069.19u/l) while that of GPx was lowest at T3(12.50u/l) and T5 (16.94u/l). In conclusion, VALE at 90mls can be used as a natural source of antioxidant. Further studies can be conducted using higher concentrations of VALE.
APPLICATION OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENT AND STABILITY ANALYSES TO SOME TRAITS IN FORAGE LEGUMES
(Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems Journal, 2021) Ololade Latifat Abdulrahman; Oluwafemi Oluwatosin Lawal; Nofiu Babatunde Nofiu; Felicia Motunrayo Olooto; Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda; Hakeem Ishola
Background. Availability of quality feed in adequate quantity for animals is a perennial problem. Its search results in conflicts between crop farmers and herders. Objectives. This research investigated three forage legumes in order to determine the most yielding, adaptable and important traits that could be used for forage improvement. Methodology. The forage legumes were laid out in randomised complete block design across three environments. Data collected on growth and yield parameters were subjected to ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and stability analysis using additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI). Results The result showed that there was significant (p < 0.05) difference among the forage legumes for vegetative traits, stress traits and yield, hence, they could be through breeding. For biomass yield, PC1 and PC2 accounted for 75.16 and 24.84% of G x E respectively based on AMMI. Lablab purpureus is the most yielding, stable, adapted to rain forest and savannah zones, with yield of 28,948.69 kg/ha. PCA revealed that the first three PCs accounted for 87% of the total variation. There was positive and significant association between biomass yield and vegetative traits. Implication. Flourishing vegetative growth is a good indicator of biomass yield. Conclusion. It is recommended that extension agents should encourage the adoption of lablab for production of feeds for ruminants, as it can serve as sustainable land use measure considering the modern restriction on land availability for grazing and solution to incessant pastoral and crop farmers crises in the tropics.
ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL VALUE OF TWELVE BROWSE LEGUME TREES USING IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION AND COEFFICIENT OF PREFERENCE TECHNIQUE
(2012) Ogunbosoye, D. O
Twelve tropical multipurpose browse plants were evaluated for their chemical composition, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), in vitro gas production characteristics and preference by the West Africa Dwarf (WAD) goats using cafeteria method. The crude protein content of the legumes ranged from 9.79 to 29.53 g/100 g DM and varied significantly (P< 0.05). Ether extract varied widely ranging from 6.0-13.1 g/100 g DM. The total gas produced at the end of 24 hrs of fermentation varied between 13.67 to 20.83 ml per 200 mg per DM. In-vitro characteristic parameters also varied significantly amongst the legumes. Initial gas (a) produced ranged from 0.00 to 4.67 ml, insoluble but degradable fraction (b) varied from 14.66 to 23.00 ml while a+b which is the potential degradability varied from 13.67 to 24.00 ml. Methane production ranged between 8.33 and 13.83 ml. Also, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and short chain fatty acid of the forages varied from 4.81 to 6.58, 37.20 to 52.09 and 0.27 to 0.57 respectively. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) varied significantly (P< 0.05), ranging from 41.82 to 65.55 g/100 g DM, 26.72 to 49.38 g/100 g DM, and 6.05 to 13.72 g/100 g DM respectively. The ash content of the plant species also varied significantly (P< 0.05), ranging from 5.14 in Albizia odoratissima to 8.93 g/100 g DM in Cassia fistulosa. A wide range of preference was observed, as Leucaena leucocephala was most preferred. The results showed that these browse species are potential sources of nutrients for ruminants as dry season basal forage.
Baseline Survey of Smallholder Fish Farming Enterprise in Moro Local Government, Nigeria
(IOSR, 2014) Adeniyi Olarinke Victoria; Folorunsho Bamidele; Olooto Felicia Motunrayo
Fish farming could improve livelihood of rural people and enhance community development. This study, thus, investigated engagement and interest of rural people in fisheries activities in Moro Local Government Area of Kwara State. 120 questionnaires, which were validated by three co-lecturers and with reliability co-efficient of 0.70, were randomly administered in three selected villages. Response was received from 102 people and the data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results indicated that about 60% of the respondents, most of which were married, earned monthly income ≤ N18, 000.00. Only 30.4% were engaged in fisheries activities such as fish hunting, fish processing and marketing, of which 2.0% were engaged in fish farming. 96 respondents indicated their interest in fisheries activities out of which 93.8% were willing to engage in fish farming. Lack of technical skills and capital were the main constraints to fish farming by these people. Training on fish farming techniques as well as access to credit facilities of the rural people was recommended. Fish farming could serve as means of employment and income generation resulting to poverty alleviation among the rural people.
Blood profiles of West African dwarf (WAD) growing bucks fed varying levels of shea nut cake based rations in Nigeria
(2018) Ogunbosoye, D. O; Akinfemi, A.; Ajayi A.D
Shea nut cake (SNC) is one of the agro-industrial by-products that could be used as ruminants feed. A total of 12 West African dwarf young bucks were used in a completely randomized design for an 84-day study to evaluate the blood profiles of goats fed diets of 0 % (T1), 10% (T2) and 20% (T3)SNC. The results revealed that there were slight significant differences in few of the blood parameters measured among the treatments. The haemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell ranged from 8.33–9.88 g/dl, 20.95–22.05% and 6.51–7.06 × 106/l respectively. The concentrations of mean corpuscular volume (21.83–22.17 fl), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (7.58–8.50pg) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (33.00–34.73%) varied significantly (p < 0.05), white blood cell varied from 8.46 to 12.75 μl and lymphocytes (%) ranged from 51.27 to 53.78. For serum biochemistry, values obtained for aspartate aminotransferase and total protein were similar. Cholesterol, alanine amino transferase and albumin varied significantly among the treatment
Comparative evaluation of forage grasses for stability analysis using GGE biplot and AMMI and forage yield modelling
(Research on Crops, 2020) Lawal O.O; Abdulrahaman O.L; Ayanda I.F; Ishola Hakeem; Olatinwo L.K; Ibrahim U.Y
The need for cultivation of forage grasses to feed animals, as a way of ameliorating the clashes between herders and crop farmers cannot be over emphasized. Therefore, this study was conducted during 2019 at three diverse agro-ecological zones in Kwara State, Nigeria to assess the yield potential, stability, and the possibilities of improving forage yield through secondary traits. Hence, three forage grasses (Elephant grass, Pennisetum purpureum; Gamba grass, Andropogon gayanus; and Ruzi grass, Brachiaria ruziziensis) were laid out in randomised complete block design (RCBD) wherein data was collected on vegetative, stress index traits and yield and were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Traits with significant G × E were subjected to stability analysis using genotype × genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI). Structural equation model was used to depict the association between yield and secondary traits. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) difference among forage grasses for yield and other traits, hence, they are amendable to selection and improvement through breeding efforts. AMMI and GGE biplot effectively identified the best and most stable forage grass as Pennisetum purpureum (28.59 t/ha) for general adaptations, and Ruzi and Gamba for target environments. Plant height, number of tillers, leaf area, dry matter content and stay green are valuable secondary traits that are employable in improving forage yield. Pennisetum can meet the feed demand of herder’s animals, which, if adopted for cultivation and use, can reduce the incessant crises between farmers and herders in Nigeria.
COMPARATIVE NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF SOME LESSER KNOWN NON LEGUMINOUS BROWSE PLANTS FOR RUMINANTS.
(2008-07) Ogunbosoye, D. O; Babayemi O.J.
Foliage of some non-leguminous plants was examined by their chemical composition and in vitro gas fermentation characteristics. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF) and ash level of the browse species ranged between 27.75 and 43.99, 5.43 and 20.93, 26.53 and 40.09, 5.37 and 11.52 % respectively. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF, 32.08-65.33 %), acid detergent fibre (ADF, 22.08-49.61 %) and acid detergent lignin (ADL, 5.76-12.60 %). The gas volume (GV) and methane produced at 24hrs incubation varied significantly (P<0.05) among the species with values 13.50-25.50 and 8.00-13.50 respectively. Organic matter digestibility (OMD, 36.13-54.22%), Metabolizable energy (ME, 4.72-6.74 %) and Short chain fatty (SCFA, 0.26-0.55 %) also varied greatly among plant species. The result revealed that some of the plants studied could be proved to be useful to ruminants as dietary supplement to poor quality dry season feed since their protein concentrations are above the minimum recommended level.
Correlation Between Milk Composition and Kids Growth of West African Dwarf (WAD) Goat Fed Forage Based Diet in Southwest Nigeria
(2013) Ogunbosoye, D. O
The study was conducted on the effects of five different forages: Albizia odoratissima, Gliricidia sepium, Leuceana leucocephalla, Spondias mombin, Ficus thonningii and Panicum maximum as control on milk composition, stages of lactation and growth rate of west African dwarf (WAD) goat kids. Twenty one WAD does with their kids were randomly allotted to treatments in a complete randomized design. The test materials had crude protein content (CP) between 14- 24%. Supplemented feed was provided at 2% body weight. The influence of diet on milk composition was significant (p<0.05) with a CP content ranging from 3.10 to 3.92%, milk fat 3.5 to 4.2%, solid-not-fat 11.7 to 13.30% and total ash (0.76-0.96%). The group of animals treated with GL + C showed the highest CP value of milk. Also, the contents of milk protein (3.00 to 3.80%), fat (3.47 to 3.88%) solid not fat (11.31 to13.24%), lactose (4.20 to 4.53%), total ash (0.64 to 0.91%) and total solid (14.83 to 17.12%) varied significantly (p<0.05) among the different stages of lactation. In contrast, the pH of milk (6.75 to 6.99) did not vary among the treatments. The weight of kids at twelve weeks of age was found to be significantly (p<0.005) different which ranged between 3.73 and 5.47kg. The kids under Panicum maximum were dying because their mothers were seriously emaciating and the milk yield could not sustain the kids. It is therefore suggested that browse plants or concentrate supplementation should be encouraged for low quality pasture like guinea grass.
Effect of Different Processing Methods on Chemical Composition of Bauhinia monandra Seed Meal
(2022) Abegunde, T.O; Adegbeye, M.J,; Ogunbosoye, D. O; Bamidele, D.O.; Oluwasegun, O.T.; Falola A.T.
The effect of processing methods on the chemical composition of Bauhinia monandra seed meal as a feed ingredient in the diets of ruminants was assessed in this study. Seeds of Bauhinia monandra were subjected to processing methods [Raw (T1), autoclave for 20 mins (T2), autoclave for 30 mins (T3), one stage cooking (T4), two-stage cooking (T5) and roasting (T6)]. The seeds were assessed for their chemical composition, antinutrients and mineral contents. T4 (one-stage cooking) had the highest crude protein levels of 31.3 %. T2 and T4 had the lowest fibre levels of 4.71 % and 4.67 % respectively. Antinutritional factors were significantly (P<0.01) affected by processing methods with a reduction in the antinutrient concentration. Autoclaving for 30 min had the highest reduction effect on alkaloid, tannin, saponin, glycoside and stachyose. Manganese was significantly (P<0.01) the highest and similar in the seed meals subjected to one-stage and two-stage cooking. Values of Mn in the unprocessed seed meals were significantly (P<0.01) lowest. The values of Fe (ppm) in seed meals ranged from 1.9010 in T1 – 6.8275 (T3). Autoclaving for 30 minutes significantly (P<0.01) increased the Fe contents of seed meals. Values for Cu and Zn were significantly highest (P<0.01) in T3. Zinc value was lowest in the unprocessed B. monandra seed meals. Calcium values ranged from 52.97 mg/l in T4 to 74.45 mg/l in T2. Magnesium levels were significantly highest in T6 and lowest (P<0.01) in T3. Seeds cooked twice gave the highest (P<0.01) value for Phosphorus. It is concluded that two-stage cooking of seeds appears to improve their chemical composition, however anti-nutritive contents of seeds were better reduced by autoclaving for 30 minutes. Bauhinia monandra seedmeal may serve as one of the ingredients for compounding livestock diets in the Nigerian feed mill industry based on the results on its chemical composition from this study.
Effect of plumage colour on carcass characteristics and meat quality of Nigeria local turkeys
(2021) Yusuff, A.T; Saheed, K.R; Badmos, A.A; DeCampos, J.S; Ajao, B.H; Aremu, J.O
This study examined the effect of plumage colour on carcass characteristics and meat quality of Nigeria local turkeys. Nine 14weeks local turkeys of different plumage colour (3 blacks, 3 white, and 3 mixed colour) were studied during the experiment. The birds were allotted into treatments based on the 3 plumage colours. Data taken were carcass weight, dressing percentage, prime cuts and relative organs’ weights, pH, drip loss, cook loss, meat colour and sensory attributes of cooked meat. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS version 25. The result obtained revealed that plumage colour affects the pH of turkey meat with a significantly higher carcass pH (5.68) from the mixed colour plumage group. It was also noted that, carcass weight, prime cuts and relative organ weight showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) irrespective of plumage colours. Similarly, the drip loss, cook loss and meat colour (lightness, redness and yellowness) were not influenced by plumage colour of the turkey while the sensory evaluation revealed that black plumaged birds group were more juicy, and had the best aroma and overall acceptability compared to others. It is therefore concluded that plumage colour affects the pH and juiciness, aroma and overall acceptability of Nigeria local turkey meat.
EFFECT OF Tamarindus indica (LINN, 1753) PULP AND LEAF- FORTIFIED DIETS ON EXPERIMENTAL Aeromonas hydrophila INFECTION IN Claria gariepinus (BURCHELL, 1822)
(African Journal online, 2017) Olarinke Victoria Adeniyi, Flora E. Olaifa and Emikpe B O
Intensification of aquaculture is associated with infectious diseases with consequent increase in the use of synthetic antibiotics. The rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria is of global criticism. The role of Tamarindus indica as antimicrobial agents has been reported. This study evaluated the utilization of tamarind pulp and Leaves in the diets of Clarias gariepinus as antimicrobial agent against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Ten experimental diets consisting of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0% of basal diets each of tamarind pulp or leaf meal and 0.0% (untreated control) and 0.2% oxytetracycline (treated control) were fed to C. gariepinus for 12 weeks. After the feeding trial, fish were subjected to bath challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila and observed for 28 days to determine mortality and relative percentage survival. The surviving fish after 28 days post-challenge were sampled for haematological studies. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance at P = 0.05. All experimental groups of the fish on tamarind-treated diets exhibited significantly lower (P ˂ 0.05) mortality compared to the groups fed with the control diets. 100% relative percentage survival was exhibited by the groups of fish on 1.5-2.0% pulp and 2.0% leaf diets. Higher white blood cell counts were obtained from tamarind-treated groups compared to the untreated control diets. The heterophil of the challenged fish fed diet with oxytetracycline was significantly lower (P ˂ 0.05) than fish fed 2.0% tamarind leaf diet. Inclusion of tamarind in the diets of the challenged C. gariepinus did not alter the monocytes, eosinophil and basophil significantly (P > 0.05) compared to those on the control diets. Fortifying the diets of Clarias gariepinus with 2.0% tamarind pulp and leaf meal significantly enhanced protection against Aeromonas hydrophila infection, hence these inclusion levels are recommended as alternatives to oxytetracycline in the control of motile aeromonas septicaemia.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON WATER INTAKE OF SAVANNAH BROWN GOATS FED GRADED LEVELS OF MAXIGRAIN ENZYME TREATED RICE HUSK DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH SHEA BUTTER LEAVES
(Wayamba Journal of Animal Science, 2018) Jiya E.Z.; Alemede I.C; Kudu Y.C; Ishola H.; Salisu S.A
This study was conducted to investigate the water intake and influence of temperature on savannah brown goats fed graded levels of Maxigrain® enzyme treated rice husk supplemented with shea butter leaves. A total number of 36 He- Savannah Brown Goats aged between 2-3 months with an average body weight of 5.5 kg were assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of varied inclusion (0, 25, 50 and 75%) of Maxigrain® enzyme treated rice husk and given four (4) litres of water daily ad libtum for eight (8) weeks experimental period, during which parameters like; body weight, ambient temperature, evaporatory water loss, feed and water intake were measured. The result showed that the highest total body weight gain (4139.01g), daily weight gain (73.67g) and the lowest value (0.3533) of feed conversion ratio (FCR) were obtained in goats fed diet T2 which differed significantly (P<0.05) from other treatment groups. This study revealed that a strong correlation between body weight, feed intake and water intake. Therefore, feeding Maxigrain® enzyme treated rice husk up to 25% in the diets of savannah brown goats can be recommended.
Effect of Terminalia catappa FruitMeal Fermented by Aspergillus niger as Replacement ofMaize on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and SerumBiochemical Profile of Broiler Chickens
(SAGE-Hindawi, 2010-08-06) Professor Apata David Friday
A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented Terminalia catappa fruit meal (FTCM) with Aspergillus niger as replacement for maize on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum biochemical constituents. Dietary maize was replaced by FTCM at 0, 20, 40, 60, or 80%. One hundred and eighty one-day-old Shaver broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments, three replicate groups of twelve chicks each for a 42-day period. There was no significant difference (P > .05) in the feed intake, weight gain, and feed; gain ratio between the broilers fed on 40% FTCM diet and the control group. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen, crude fibre, and fat decreased significantly in broilers fed higher levels (>40%) of FTCM replacement diets compared with the control or lower FTCM diets. Serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, and globulin were decreased (P < .05) on 80% FTCM fed broilers. Serum cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose were not significantly (P > .05) altered among treatments. The activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase were significantly (P < .05) increased with higher FTCM replacement. The results indicate that FTCM could replace up to 40% of dietary maize in the diets of broiler chickens without adverse effect on growth performance or serum constituents.
Effect of Treated Rice Husk (RH) as a replacement of Wheat bran on the Carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf Goat
(2023) Afolayan, F.O; Ogunbosoye, D. O; Dare, O.A.
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of treated rice husk as a replacement for wheat bran on the Carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Twenty (20) WAD goats were subjected to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with 4 animals per treatment. The treatments were: 0% RH (T1), 25% RH (T2), 50% RH (T3), 75% RH (T4) and 100% RH (T5)in replacement for wheat bran. The animals were fed their respective diets at 5% of their body weight for 90 days. The results showed that T2 and T1 were relatively high in crude protein, low in crude fiber, moderate in crude fat and high in carbohydrate. They equally had the lowest values of ADF, ADL and NDF among the treatments. Live weight, slaughter weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage were all significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. The values were highest in goat fed T1, followed by those on T2, then T3 and then by those on T4, while the goats fed T5 had the least values for live weight, slaughter weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage, respectively. The carcass yield parameters were observed to decrease as the inclusion level of treated rice husk increases. All the prime cuts were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. The relative weight of all the prime cuts decreased as the inclusion level of treated rice husk increases. Among the goats given the treated rice husk, T2 and T3 appeared to have more carcass characteristics. It is concluded that diet with 25% (T2) and 50% (T3) rice husk replacement level gave more carcass characteristics as carcass weight, dressing percentage, organ weight and prime cuts recorded more improvement. Thus, treated rice husk as a replacement for wheat bran at lower inclusion level (up to 50% at 5% body weight) is recommended to give appreciable performance on WAD goat.
Effects of dietary Euphorbia heterophylla extract on the growth performance, physiological, antioxidative and immune responses of Clarias gariepinus juveniles
(Wiley, 2023) Olarinke V. Adeniyi; Ibrahim Adeshina; Seyramsarah B. Setufe; Theophilus Jarikre; Shehu M. Albarka; Fauziyat Attahiru
Effects of dietary Euphorbia heterophylla extract (EH) on growth performance, feed utilization and haemato‐biochemical parameters in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, juveniles were evaluated in this study. Diets fortified with EH at 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0,1.5 or 2.0 g/kg were fed to the fish to apparent satiation for 84 days before challenging it with Aeromonas hydrophila. The weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed EH‐supplemented diets were significantly higher but lower feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05) than the control group. The villi height and width at the proximal, mid and the distal of the guts rose significantly with the increasing levels of EH from 0.5 to 1.5 g than the fish fed basal diet. Dietary EH enhanced (p < 0.05) the packed cell volume and haemoglobin, whereas 1.5 g EH boosted white blood cell, in relation to their counterpart in the control group. There were significant increase in the activities of glutathione‐S‐transferase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (p < 0.05) in the fish that were fed diets supplemented with EH than the control. Dietary EH also enhanced phagocytic activities, lysozyme activities and relative survival (RS) of C. gariepinus than the control group, with the highest RS obtained in fish that were fed diet containing EH at 1.5 g/kg level. These results revealed that the fish fed 1.5 g/kg dietary EH promoted growth performance, antioxidant and immune profiles, as well as protection against A. hydrophila infection.
Effects of dietary sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) leaf extract on growth performance and serum biochemical profile of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings
(Fisheries Society of Nigeria, 2023) Adeniyi, O. V., Mohammed, A. and Adu, T. E.
This study investigated the growth performance and serum biochemical profile of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. The fish were fed diets fortified with sunflower leaf extract (SLE) at 0.0 (positive control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 g/kg diet and the negative control diet containing 0.5 g synthetic antibiotic (A) /kg diet for 70 days. After the feeding trial, blood samples were collected from the fish for analysis of biochemical parameters using standard procedures. The data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and differences among means were established at P < 0.05. The weight gain, specific growth rate, nitrogen metabolism, and fish productivity index were significantly enhanced in fish fed SLE-based diets, compared to those fed the control diets. Higher protein efficiency ratio and lower feed conversion ratio were obtained in fish fed 0.5 – 1.5g SLE/kg diets, compared to those fed the control diets. The quadratic regression with respect to weight gain showed 1.13g/kg diet as the optimum inclusion level in C. gariepinus. The serum total protein, albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen and glucose were not altered significantly with dietary SLE. It could be concluded that sunflower leaf extract has growth-promoting property and its inclusion at 1.0g/kg diet is recommended for the optimum growth performance of Clarias gariepinus.
Effects of dietary supplementation of Parkia biglobosa pulp on growth performance and physiological status of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings
(SpringerOpen, 2023-04) Olarinke Victoria Adeniyi; Adenike Senorita Norman; Steven Onojobi
Abstract Background The present study investigated the effect of dietary Parkia biglobosa pulp (PBP) on the growth performance and blood profile of mixed sex Clarias gariepinus. The PBP meal was supplemented with the basal diets at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0% and fed to C. gariepinus fingerlings for 12 weeks. Results Supplementing the diets of C. gariepinus with 1.0–2.0% PBP enhanced (P < 0.05) the weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and reduced (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio with the highest performance at 2.0% inclusion level, compared to the control diet. The red blood cell counts of the fish fed PBP-supplemented diets did not differ (P > 0.05) from those fed the control diet while the lymphocyte counts was boosted (P < 0.05) with dietary PBP. Dietary supplementation with 1.0–2.0% PBP enhanced (P < 0.05) synthesis of total protein and albumin in the experimental fish while all fish fed PBP-supplemented diets had lower (P < 0.05) levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Conclusions The present study showed that 1.0–2.0% PBP enhanced growth and nutrient utilization, lymphocytes, serum albumin and total protein and reduced serum liver enzymes, indicating the growth-promoting, immunostimulating and hepatoprotective effects of PBP in C. gariepinus Therefore, supplementation of PBP meal as feed additive in the basal diet of Clarias gariepinus at 2.0% is recommended.
Effects of dietary tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) leaves extract on growth performance, nutrient utilization, gut physiology, and susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.).
(2021-03-28) Adeniyi, O. V., Olaifa, F.E., Emikpe, B.O. and Ogunbanwo, S.T.
The rise in global concern on the adverse effects of uncontrolled utilization of synthetic antibiotics in the production of food fish necessitates search for alternative natural products in aquaculture. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) leaf has great medicinal potentials but with scanty documentation of its utilization in fish production. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of tamarind leaves extract (TLE) on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, gut physiology, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. The fish were fed experimental diets enriched with 0.0 (control), 5, 10, 15 or 20 g TLE/kg diet at 3% body weight daily for 12 weeks. Thereafter, a 4-week challenge test with A. hydrophila infection was done. The results showed that dietary TLE significantly (P< 0.05) enhanced fish growth, nutrient digestibility, and utilization, villi height and absorption area at 1.0-1.5% inclusion levels, compared to the control diet. Regression analysis showed 1.12% as the level of TLE for optimum weight gain. Post-challenge fish fed TLE-enriched diets showed higher survival rate, relatively to fish fed the control diet. The results from the present study demonstrated that dietary TLE promoted growth, nutrient digestibility and protection against A. hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia and its inclusion at 1.0% was therefore recommended for aquaculture use.

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