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    Hematology and Serum Biochemical Indices of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Shea Nut Cake Multi-Nutrient Blocks as Supplements to Daniella oliveri Based Diet
    (Longdom publishing, 2022) Olayinka A. Ojo; Dupe Ogunbosoye
    Goats are hardy, with small body size, broad feeding habits and short reproductive cycle. However, dry season is usually accompanied by low forage growth and reduced nutrients therefore resulting into undergrazing and reduced performance. This study is evaluating the inclusion of shea nut cake multi-nutrient blocks compacted using three different binders; cassava flour, cement, industrial starch (T1, T2 and T3 respectively), as dry season supplement. Effects of this dietary inclusion were evaluated on the hematology and serum biochemical indices of the experimental goats. Result showed that the highest Red Blood Cell (RBC) value 17.73 ± 0.23 103/ul was recorded in T2, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), Alanine amino transferase (ALT), Urea, were significantly lower assigned to treatment 2 as compared to the control. The values recorded for Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ranged between 41.68 to 64.02, with experimental goats in treatment 3 having the lowest value. The bilirubin of goats (2.74 mg/dl) was observed to be significantly lowest in treatment 3 compared to the control value. The highest total protein (TP) (10.50 g/ dl) recorded in treatment 2 was significantly higher than the control and statistically similar to values obtained for treatment 3 (10.05 g/dl). The highest level of serum cholesterol (63.37 mg/dl) was found in T3, although all cholesterol values observed in this study falls within the normal physiological range. Industrial starch can be used as shea nut cake multi-nutrient block binder without adverse physiological effect on experimental animals
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    Hatchability and physiological performance of broilers chickens given inovo administration of lycopene under heat-stressed environment
    (Elsevier Publishers, 2024) O. Ojo; D. Tanimowo; J. Abubakar; A. Akintunde
    Inovo feeding is a viable technology that facilitates extra nutrient deposition into chickens between the late-term embryo stage to early post-hatch period, meant to deliberately promote development of gastrointestinal tract and strengthen the immune system Continous changes in climatic condition globally has caused an out-play of extreme weather conditions, culminating into heat-stress, experienced by man and livestock. Heat stress (HS) results into an increase in production and activity of reactive oxygen species, which negatively impact the physiological mechanism and hatchability of chickens. Inovo feeding of chickens with phytonutrients and plant products has been reported to improve their defenses against various diseases like contagious bursal disease, influenza virus and new castle disease. Restricting chicken embryos the access to extra nutrient supply, at the later stage of development may prevent freshly hatched chicks from growing and developing into their full potential.
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    Lycopene and African walnut extract improved seminal antioxidative enzymes and serum biochemical Indices of heat-stressed cockerels
    (Elsevier, 2025) O.A. Ojo; K. Okukpe; O.A. Jimoh; A.O. Akintunde; U.U. Carols
    Herbal supplementation during climatic stress could alleviate neuronal cell damage, prevent tissue retention of synthetic pharmaceuticals and enhance better health status of animal product consumers. Incidence of global warming has adversely influenced animal health and reproductive performance more prominently under tropical climate. t lycopene and African walnut leaf extract (AWLE) have been proven to contain bioactive components with antioxidant capability needed to improve seminal plasma biochemical indices of cockerels under tropical environment. This study was conducted to determine the effect of lycopene and AWLE on seminal plasma biochemistry indices heat-stressed cockerels 30-weeks old cockerels (n=54) were used for this experiment (10 weeks) with treatments stated as follows; Group 1 – 250ml of water, no inclusion (control), Group 2 – 7.5ml of lycopene/250ml of water, Group 3 – 15ml of lycopene/250ml of water, Group 4 – 7.5ml of AWLE/250ml of water, Group 5 – 15ml of AWLE/250ml of water, Group 6 – 7.5ml of lycopene+7.5ml of African walnut leaf extract/250ml of water, Group 7 – 15ml of lycopene+15ml of leaf extract/250ml of water, Group 8 – Vitamin C 0.1g/250ml of water, Group 9 – Cold temperature and 250mls water. The table of result is as shown in Table 1. Observation showed that cockerels under group 5 experienced a significantly depressed Malondialdehyde (0.61±0.09U/mg), while showing significant (P<0.05) elevation in seminal catalase value (741.27±21.01U/mg). It was also noted total protein value (9.75±0.23mg/dl) was significantly (P<0.05) increased under group 9, which is statistically similar with values recorded for groups 4 and 8. A reduction in MDA value and an increase in catalase under group 5 could be due to the influence of bioactive components present in AWLE. Seminal plasma proteins (SPP) enhance sperm protection, transport and fertility via improved capacitation and acrosome reaction.
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    PROXIMATE STUDY, MINERAL AND ANTI-NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF CYMBOPOGON CITRANUS LEAVES HARVESTED FROM ILORIN, NIGERIA: POTENTIAL BENEFITS IN ANIMAL NUTRITION AND HEALTH
    (wayamba University of Sri Lanka, 2017-11-20) olayinka Abosede Ojo
    The leaves of Cymbopogon citranus (Lemon grass) were harvested from Kwara State metropolis in Nigeria during the late rainy season in June 2015 for the proximate, mineral and phytochemical analysis .This study was conducted to know the nutritive value of lemongrass harvested and its potential in Animal Production and health. The standard procedures of AOAC (2003) were used to analyze the proximate composition and mineral analysis. The results of proximate analysis revealed the presence of high crude protein (8.51% ±0.06). The leaves also contained appreciable amounts of crude fibre (4.49% ±0.02), ash (8.02% ± 0.04), crude fat (2.99% ±0.02). The total ash content showed it contained minerals, Ca (0.62% ±0.00), K (1.59% ±0.01), Na (280.00±0.01), Fe (286.5±0.01), Mn (61.56±0.15), Zn (21.91±0.06) and P (30.15±0.00) parts per million (ppm). Magnesium (0.44% ±0.00) and copper (5.73±0.00) were the least. The results of phytochemical analysis and antinutrients showed presence of tannins (0.006% ±0.00), saponins (0.67% ±0.00), alkaloid (0.53%±0.00), steroids (0.001±0.00), phenols (0.07±0.00) and flavonoids (0.001±0.00). The presence of these essential nutrients and minerals showed that Lemon grass is a potential source of feed supplement to enhance maximum productivity and improve growth performance of livestock progress in traits that shows high heritability and or repeatability such as litter weaning weight.
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    Modulating Role of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Meal on Spermatogenic and Steroidogenic Functions of West African Dwarf Bucks Testis
    (Faculty of Applied Science at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, 2024) K.M. Okukpe; O.I. Alli; O.A. Olayinka; F.A. Okeniyi; B.H. Ajao; V.O. Chimezie; O.M. Familoni; M.A. Abdullahi
    Vernonia amygdalina has a unique nutritional and phytochemical property with numerous physiological, biochemical and morphological benefits due to its anti-oxidative and anti-helminthic properties. This study evaluated the effects of Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal (VALM) on follicle stimulating (FSH), luteinizing hormones (LH) and testosterone regulation of seminal characteristics of West African dwarf (WAD) bucks. Twenty-four (24) WAD bucks were randomly assigned to four treatments (A, B, C and D) in a completely randomized design for a nutritional trial of eight weeks. Animals were given diets containing 0, 20, 30 and 40g VALM/kg feed. Animals were weighed and blood samples were collected at the beginning of the experiment and subsequently forth-nightly before the end of the experiment for hormonal assay. Semen volume, semen color, sperm concentration, sperm motility and sperm morphology were determined from the semen samples obtained forth-nightly by electro-ejaculation. All data collected were analyzed using the General Linear Model procedure of SAS, (2002). Means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test of the same software. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in most of the hormones studied except testosterone which was not significantly affected by VALM. Sperm concentration, motility and morphology increased significantly (P<0.05) and was highest at 40 g of VALM/kg feed. The color of the semen from all the treatments was whitish grey. It was therefore concluded that VALM improved the FSH and LH production at 40 g of VALM/kg feed with improved sperm quality in WAD bucks, thereby enhancing the reproductive performance of the goats.