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    Frequency and influence of some major genes on body weight and body size parameters of Nigerian local chickens
    (Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2006) Fayeye, T. R.; Ayorinde, K. L; Ojo, V; Adesina, O. M
    Gene frequencies and influence of four major genes on body weight and body size parameters were studied in populations of adult local chickens in Nigeria. The major genes studied were Naked-neck (Na), frizzle (F), polydactyly (Po) and ptylopody (Fsh). Body size parameters measured were body length, body girth, wing length, keel length, shank length, shank diameter and toe length. The frequencies of the dominant genes carriers were between 0.02 and 0.03. The values were much lower than the expected mendelian value of 0.75 for dominant alleles. Polydactyl birds were significantly (P<0.05) superior in body girth and shank length compared with ptylopod and normal birds. Both polydactyl and ptylopod birds were superior to normal birds in all the measured traits, except for the shank length. Normal feathered birds were superior to Naked-neck and Frizzle birds in most of the metric traits. These superiorities were however not statistically significant (P>0.05). The genetic effects of sex on body weight and body size parameters were about the same except that the values for female were negative. The present work suggest that the potential of thermoregulatory Naked-neck and frizzle genes to improve body weight and body size may not be realized in Nigerian local chickens because of their small body size which confers them with a general adaptation. Management of birds in a controlled environment may help to further prove the superiority of polydactyl and ptylopod birds. It is important to stem the negative selection against the dominant alleles through village level extension service.
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    Cattle Farmers’ Attitude towards Artificial Insemination Technology in Kwara State, Nigeria.
    (Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania, 2024) Yusuf, O. J., Adesina, O. M., Apata, D. F., Ayanda, I. F., Ishola, H., and Ajibade, L. A.
    This study examined the factors influencing cattle farmers' attitudes towards Artificial Insemination in Kwara State. A total of 140 indigenous cattle farmers were sampled using a snowball sampling technique, which involved initial participants referring additional farmers until the desired sample size was reached. Data collection was conducted through a structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that most respondents were male (90.7%) and aged between 41 to 50 years (43.6%). Almost half of the respondents had no formal education (49.3%). The average household size was approximately 8 people, with an average of 12 years of experience in cattle production. The main breed reported was White Fulani (50.0%), with an average herd of 103 cattle. The average monthly income was N78,742.8. The study showed that 67.1% of respondents had a favourable attitude towards using AI, while 59.3% lacked an understanding of AI and 51.4% were unaware of its existence. Factors such as compatibility with culture/beliefs (25.0%), access to credit facilities (50.0%), and encouragement from government agencies (17.9%) were identified as important attitudinal factors for promoting the use of AI. Based on these findings, the provision of credit facilities, establishment of semen banks, improvement of infrastructure, and virile extension and veterinary services to increase farmers' interest in AI technology for improved productivity were recommended.
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    Effects of N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea on Semen Quality Traits of Nigerian Local Chicken
    (Kwara State University, Malete, 2024) Adesina, O. M., and Toye, A. A.
    To improve the Nigerian local chicken (NLC), N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea (ENU) can be used to introduce mutations into the genome to characterize the genetic architecture of complex traits and develop novel trait models and lineages. The extent ENU is tolerated as an effective mutagen in chickens and the knowledge of its biology of action is however required before its application. This is measured by the induction and duration of sterility in the absence of lethality in male mice. The objective of this study was to characterize the ENU effects on the onset and duration of induced sterility through direct studies of sperm (count and motility) from mutagenized cocks. In a randomized design experiment, 22 mutagenized and 20 non-mutagenized (control) NLC cocks were intraperitoneally injected with 300mg ENU/kg body weight fractionated as 3 doses of 100mg, and sham respectively and administered in 3 successive weeks. Semen volume (ml), sperm concentration (x106/ml) and sperm motility were evaluated prior to ENU and Sham injected weekly up to week 13. Data were subjected to Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon at ᾳ. The ENU significantly (P < 0.05) reduced sperm concentration and motility but 0.05 had no significant effect on semen volume at week 2. The duration of sterility could not be determined in this study as treated cocks did not show complete fertility recovery and ENU administered can be used for mutagenesis in chickens at the examined dose and regime.
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    Assessment of Hatchling Egg losses and Two Chick Sexing Methods in the Nigerian Indigenous Chicken
    (2016) Akanbi, A. S., Adeyina, A.O., Fayeye, T. R.., Sola-Ojo, F. E., Amao, O. J., & Adesina, O. M.
    Sex identification at day old and separate management of male and female birds is important milestones in the development of commercial strains of chicken. The aim of the present study is to evaluate hatchling egg loss as well as sex determination methods at day old and sexual dimorphism over 8 weeks in Nigerian local Chicken. A total of 360 eggs of Nigerian Indigenous Chicken (NIC) was used to investigate hatchling egg losses, Sex determination at day old and weekly linear measurements were taken on 100 randomly selected Nigerian local chicks.The NIC had high fertility (86.67%) and hatchability of 69.17%. The egg total weight loss and chicks’ weights were5.02 and 26.25g, respectively. The percentage hatching loss was 29.04%. The Japanese vent sexing of the chicks had higher (73.58%) percentage accuracy than feather sexing (62.26%). There were no significant differences between males and females in weekly body weight from 2-6 weeks of age. However, male chicks were significantly (p<0.05) higher in higher body weight (358.64g vs 283.21g),Body Length(28.28cm vs 26.09cm),Body Girth (17.57cm vs 16.16cm) and Wing Length (14.76 vs 13.61) at week 7. Generally, male chicks were significantly higher (p<0.05) in body length, body girth and wing length than female chicks from 1 to 8 weeks of age. It was concluded that male chicks could be separated from the female chicks using body weight at week 7 and above, but quicker results may be achieved by using morphometric traits like body length, body girth and wing length.
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    Molecular genetic diversity analysis of the Nigerian laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis) and related species using selected mitochondrial genes.
    (Elsevier, 2024) Sola-Ojo, F. E., Ibraheem, A. A., Semiu, F. B., Oladipo, U., Sule, B., Isiaka H. F., Olaniyi, W. A., Adesina, M. O., Wang, M. - S, and Adeola, A. C.
    Nigerian laughing doves (Streptopelia senegalensis) are small birds with long tail and living in bushes of the Sub-Saharan regions of African continent, the Middle East and Asia, especially India. They are used for food, medicinal and religious purposes in Nigeria. Despite their usage, there is a lack of information on the genetic diversity of laughing doves in Nigeria. This study investigates taxonomic order and diversity of Nigerian laughing doves based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome B (CYTB). The results showed 20 haplotypes within the 28 Nigerian coupled with Global Streptopelia genus using concatenated sequences. The Nigerian laughing dove constitute 16 distinct haplotypes. The haplotype diversity was 0.743 ± 0.070, and nucleotide diversity 0.154 ± 0.101 within Nigerian population using COI sequences. Phylogenetic tree showed that Nigerian laughing doves were in the same monophyletic clade with other Streptopela orientalis, S. decocto and S. chinensis; and this confirmed that Nigerian laughing doves might have shared descendant. The median-joining network further grouped Nigerian laughing doves into two: the first group consisting of Nigerian populations only, while the second group are with Saudi Arabian and Djiboutian populations. Population expansion was revealed in Nigerian dove individuals. This study revealed 16 unique haplotypes among Nigerian laughing dove population using concatenated sequences. Interestingly, CYTB showed clustering in African laughing doves (For instance, Nigerian individuals shared haplotypes with Sao Tome and Principe, an island country in the Gulf of Guinea, the western equatorial coast of Central Africa). The current data is the first report on genetic diversity of Nigerian laughing dove using mitochondrial COI and CYTB genes