Application and Benefits of Dietary Nanoparticles in Aquaculture: A Review
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Date
2021-10-12
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Publisher
Nano Plus: Science and Technology of Nanomaterials
Abstract
Fish nutrition is the single most important input in aquaculture production. It
influences fish growth, quality, health, with subsequent increase in production
and waste generation. Nanotechnology is an emerging concept with diverse
applications including fish nutrition. It involves the use of nanoparticles within
the scale of 1 – 100 nm. The physiological role of nanoparticles depends on their
structural and functional characteristics. In aquaculture, nanotechnology
techniques have been found efficient in water treatment, while nano-delivery
system has been perceived as a safer and more efficient alternative procedure to
fish vaccination, nutrient delivery, and effective in fish disease diagnosis and
treatment. Fortification of fish diets with nutrient and non-nutrient bioactive
components enhance the total nutrient profile balance of a diet and supplement
nutrients recovery during feed processing. Administration of dietary
nanoparticles provides an increase in surface area available for interaction with
biological support. Incorporation of nanoparticles into the fish diet has been
found to improve fish production and when employed as encapsulating materials,
they serve as carriers for essential oils, flavour, antioxidants, vitamins, minerals
and phytochemicals thereby facilitating their bioavailability to fish. The NPs of
importance to fish nutrition include those produced from chitosan, copper (Cu),
selenium (Se), iron (Fe), gold (Au), zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag). Various
applications of nanoparticles in fish nutrition with their probable potential
adverse effects are explored in this study with a view to devising fish
management strategy that will maximize the full benefit of nanoparticles with
little to no risk of toxicity.
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Citation
Omosanya et al., 2021