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Lipase activity in the digestive tract and liver of Mormyridae Pisces, from small lake in Ilorin, Nigeria
(Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2004) 5. Achionye – Nzeh, C.G., Obaroh, I. and Adeniyi, V
Lipase activity in the liver and digestive tract of some cichlids (Pisces: Cichlidea).
(African Journal online, 2005) 4. Achionye–Nzeh, C.G., Obaroh I. and Adeniyi, V.
Growth and heamtological parameters of growing female West African dwarf goats fed Ficus religiosa and Blighia sapida supplements
(Bowen Journal of Agriculture, 2006) AA Akinbade, OA Aderinola, JA Akinlade, SA Ameen, FO Ogunsola
Muscle lipid content and lipase activity in the liver and digestive tract of some freshwater fishes (Pisces: Teleostei)
(African Journal Online, 2006-11-13) Achionye–Nzeh, C.G., Obaroh, I. and Adeniyi, V. (2006)
Lipid content of the muscle and activity of lipase enzyme in the liver and digestive tract of Lates niloticus, Citharinus citharus and Auchenoglanis occidentalis were studied. The highest lipid content (14%) was recorded in A. occidentalis adults, while the lowest lipid content was observed in L. niloticus juveniles. Lipase activity was observed in the liver, anterior, median and posterior portions of the digestive tract of L. niloticus, C. citharus and A. occidentalis. The activity of lipase enzyme in the liver was high in the three fish species studied and the activity was statistically different. High lipid content of the muscle correlated with high activity of lipase in the liver of the fish species.
Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with a culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus
(Wiley online Library, 2008-03-31) Professor Apata David Friday
BACKGROUND: Probiotics are being developed for use in animal feed to enhance production performance and prevention of gastrointestinal infections. The ban on using antibiotics as growth promoters, antibiotic resistance and the inherent problems of developing new vaccines make a compelling case for developing alternatives for in-feed antibiotics. The alternatives of choice have to be considered under the environmental conditions of the animal. Among the probiotics in use today, Lactobacillus has been shown to play a vital role in disease prevention, immune enhancement, improved growth and carcass yield in poultry. The present study investigates the effect of Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB)-based probiotic on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broilers under tropical environmental conditions. RESULTS: Broilers fed LB diets consumed more feed (P < 0.05) and had greater body weight gain than the control group. Feed/gain ratio improved significantly (P < 0.05) with the 20, 40 and 60mg kg−1 LB diets compared with the control or 80mgkg−1 LB diet. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and fat increased with LB supplementation. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in fibre digestibility. White blood cell count increased significantly in broilers fed higher levels (>40mgkg−1) of LB compared with the control group. Antibody production measured as antibody titre against Newcastle disease vaccine showed a curvilinear response over the range of LB concentrations examined. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that LB addition to broiler chick diets significantly improved growth performance, increased nutrient digestibility and stimulated humoral immune response.
COMPARATIVE NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF SOME LESSER KNOWN NON LEGUMINOUS BROWSE PLANTS FOR RUMINANTS.
(2008-07) Ogunbosoye, D. O; Babayemi O.J.
Foliage of some non-leguminous plants was examined by their chemical composition and in vitro gas fermentation characteristics. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF) and ash level of the browse species ranged between 27.75 and 43.99, 5.43 and 20.93, 26.53 and 40.09, 5.37 and 11.52 % respectively. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF, 32.08-65.33 %), acid detergent fibre (ADF, 22.08-49.61 %) and acid detergent lignin (ADL, 5.76-12.60 %). The gas volume (GV) and methane produced at 24hrs incubation varied significantly (P<0.05) among the species with values 13.50-25.50 and 8.00-13.50 respectively. Organic matter digestibility (OMD, 36.13-54.22%), Metabolizable energy (ME, 4.72-6.74 %) and Short chain fatty (SCFA, 0.26-0.55 %) also varied greatly among plant species. The result revealed that some of the plants studied could be proved to be useful to ruminants as dietary supplement to poor quality dry season feed since their protein concentrations are above the minimum recommended level.
Potential values of some non-leguminous browse plants as dry season feed for ruminants in Nigeria
(2010) Ogunbosoye, D. O; Babayemi O.J
A study was conducted to assess the nutritive potential of some tropical non-leguminous multipurpose trees: Bombax glabra, Adansonia digitata, Ceiba pentandra, Kigelia africana, Newbouldia leavis, Treculia africana, Milicia exselsa, Mangifera indica, Spondia mombin, Terminalia superba, Terminalia catappa, Tabebuia rosea and Ficus thonningii. A wide variation was observed in the chemical composition, secondary compounds and gas production characteristics. Crude protein (CP) concentration ranged from 6.35 – 16.41 g/100g DM. The ash content varied between 5.27 and 12.46 g/100g DM. The content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and lignin ranged from 40.49 - 69.31, 28.39 - 52.62 and 6.14 - 16.83 g/100g DM, respectively. At least each possessed steroid as anti-nutrient as revealed from the study. It was observed that five browse species had tannins while eight showed traces of saponin. The degradability of the browse spp can be grouped into 3: High fermentation (> 20.00 ml) for S. mombin, B. glabra, A. digitata, C. pentandra, K. africana and M. exselsa; moderate fermentation (17.00 - 19.00 ml) for T. superba, T. catappa, T. rosea, F. thonningii, T. Africana and M. indica; low fermentation (< 16) was observed in N. leavis. The highest potential gas production, rate of gas production, metabolizable energy and short chain fatty acid were observed in S. mombin. From the result obtained, it is suggested that some of the browse species could be utilized by ruminants as feed supplement during both wet and dry seasons. S. mombin being high in gas production could be supplemented with energy rich feed like guinea grass in order to sustain livestock production.
Haematological and serum indices of goat fed fungi treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake in a mixed ration
(Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development, 2010) M. A. Belewu* and F. O. Ogunsola
The study evaluates the efficacy of fungi (Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma longibrachitum) treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake in a mixed ration on percentage packed cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell, haemoglobin, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, urea, creatinine, aspertate amino transferase, alanine phosphateses and alanine transference of goat. The West African dwarf goat (n = 15) were randomized against the experimental diets {(Diet A, control; B (50% soybean cake +50% A. niger treated Jatropha kernel cake); C (100% A. nigertreated J. curcas kernel cake); D (50% soybean cake + 50% T. longibrachiyum treated J. curcas kernel cake) and E (100% T. longibrachiyum treated J. curcas kernel cake)} in a completely randomized design model for a 70 day period. Feeding and watering were given freely throughout the study. Blood was collected from the goats every fortnightly at the jugular vein. The results revealed an increase in the creatinine content of the animals fed diets B and E compared to other diets. The urea content of the blood followed similar trend. Contrarily, the red blood cell was higher in control diet A and diet D. The packed cell volume ranged between 20 and 29%. Neutrophyl was significantly higher in diets B, C and D compared to diets A and E which are similar (p > 0.05). The positive presentations show that the fungi treated J. curcas kernel cake could have reduced most of the anti-nutrients, revealing that the biological processing of the cake is very promising.
Nutritive value of dietary fungi treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake: Voluntary intake, growth and digestibility coefficient of goat
(AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF NORTH AMERICA, 2010) M.A Belewu, K.Y Belewu and F.O Ogunsola
This study evaluates the performance characteristics of West African dwarf goats (n = 15) fed fungi (Aspergillus niger, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum) treated and untreated Jatropha curcas kernel cake for a 70 day period in a completely randomized design model. The diets consist of a control (diet A, without Jatropha curcas kernel cake), diet B (50% Aspergillus treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake + 50 % soybean cake), C (100% Aspergillus treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake), D (50% Trichoderma treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake +50 % Soybean cake), E (100% Trichoderma treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake).The results revealed significant variations in the crude protein, crude fibre , ether extract and ash contents. The dry matter intake (g) of goats on diets A, B, C and D were 654, 533, 460, and 407 respectively. Dry matter intake was significantly lower (p>0.05) for animal fed diet E .The highest crude protein intake was recorded for diet A (control) followed closely by diets B, C, D and E in that order. The crude fibre, ether extracts and ash consumption followed similar trend. The crude protein and crude fibre contents were adequate for animal of such age. The digestibility of most of the nutrients followed similar trend as the nutrient intake with the highest digestibility recorded for animals on diet A. The digestible nutrient intake recorded decline as the inclusion levels of the fungi treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake increased in the diets. Animals on diets A, B and C gained weight while those on diets D and E lost weight and eventually died. It could be concluded that treatment of Jatropha curcas cake with Trichoderma longibrachiatum was not effective in detoxifying Jatropha curcas kernel cake compared to Aspergillus niger which is promising in detoxifying Jatropha curcas kernel cake
Effect of Terminalia catappa FruitMeal Fermented by Aspergillus niger as Replacement ofMaize on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and SerumBiochemical Profile of Broiler Chickens
(SAGE-Hindawi, 2010-08-06) Professor Apata David Friday
A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented Terminalia catappa fruit meal (FTCM) with Aspergillus niger as replacement for maize on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum biochemical constituents. Dietary maize was replaced by FTCM at 0, 20, 40, 60, or 80%. One hundred and eighty one-day-old Shaver broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments, three replicate groups of twelve chicks each for a 42-day period. There was no significant difference (P > .05) in the feed intake, weight gain, and feed; gain ratio between the broilers fed on 40% FTCM diet and the control group. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen, crude fibre, and fat decreased significantly in broilers fed higher levels (>40%) of FTCM replacement diets compared with the control or lower FTCM diets. Serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, and globulin were decreased (P < .05) on 80% FTCM fed broilers. Serum cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose were not significantly (P > .05) altered among treatments. The activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase were significantly (P < .05) increased with higher FTCM replacement. The results indicate that FTCM could replace up to 40% of dietary maize in the diets of broiler chickens without adverse effect on growth performance or serum constituents.
ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL VALUE OF TWELVE BROWSE LEGUME TREES USING IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION AND COEFFICIENT OF PREFERENCE TECHNIQUE
(2012) Ogunbosoye, D. O
Twelve tropical multipurpose browse plants were evaluated for their chemical composition, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), in vitro gas production characteristics and preference by the West Africa Dwarf (WAD) goats using cafeteria method. The crude protein content of the legumes ranged from 9.79 to 29.53 g/100 g DM and varied significantly (P< 0.05). Ether extract varied widely ranging from 6.0-13.1 g/100 g DM. The total gas produced at the end of 24 hrs of fermentation varied between 13.67 to 20.83 ml per 200 mg per DM. In-vitro characteristic parameters also varied significantly amongst the legumes. Initial gas (a) produced ranged from 0.00 to 4.67 ml, insoluble but degradable fraction (b) varied from 14.66 to 23.00 ml while a+b which is the potential degradability varied from 13.67 to 24.00 ml. Methane production ranged between 8.33 and 13.83 ml. Also, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and short chain fatty acid of the forages varied from 4.81 to 6.58, 37.20 to 52.09 and 0.27 to 0.57 respectively. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) varied significantly (P< 0.05), ranging from 41.82 to 65.55 g/100 g DM, 26.72 to 49.38 g/100 g DM, and 6.05 to 13.72 g/100 g DM respectively. The ash content of the plant species also varied significantly (P< 0.05), ranging from 5.14 in Albizia odoratissima to 8.93 g/100 g DM in Cassia fistulosa. A wide range of preference was observed, as Leucaena leucocephala was most preferred. The results showed that these browse species are potential sources of nutrients for ruminants as dry season basal forage.
The utilization of some tropical browse plants by pregnant West African Dwarf goats in southern Nigeria
(2012) Ogunbosoye, D. O; Babayemi O.J
A study on utilization of five tropical browses was carried out to investigate on the significant effect of these forages on the performance of pregnant goats in relation to weight gain, birth weight, litter size and weight of the kids with their sex. Result revealed that daily dry matter consumption of animals fed guinea grass was highest (1.17kg/day) while the least consumption was Gliricidia sepium (0.48kg/day). The daily weight change of goat fed Albizia odoratissima was highest (85.3g/day) and lowest in animals fed guinea grass. The weight of doe during pregnancy had effect on the litter size and birth weight of the kids. The weight of does fed albizia diet was highest and this resulted into multiple birth and moderate birth weight. The study also showed that single birth kids were heavier than multiple births. The result then revealed that where multiple births occurred, the males were heavier than females. It is therefore concluded that animals fed Albizia odoratissima performed better than the rest, although all the forages used for this study sustained the pregnant does except guinea grass which needs to be supplemented with either browse plants or concentrate.
An electrophoretic study of protein diversity in five species of land snails (Achatinidae) from Nigeria
(2013) AWODIRAN M.O; AWOPETU J.I; ODEKANYIN O.O; Ogunbosoye, D. O
The protein profile of five species of achatinid snails (Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821), Achatina achatina (Linnaeus, 1758), Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822), Archachatina papyracea (Pfeiffer, 1845) and an unidentified snail species) from some parts of southern and north-central states of Nigeria was used to examine the level of genetic similarity between them and also to show whether the eight populations of Archachatina marginata studied contained sub-populations. Each of the species examined was found to have unique protein bands while the protein banding patterns of the eight populations of A. marginata showed six of the populations being taxonomically distinct because they had unique protein bands. The cluster analysis of the A. marginata samples produced two sub-species which showed geographical separation of the species. This may depict a relationship between total protein and ecological adaptation. However, there was better resolution of the protein band patterns using relative mobility of bands. The presence of common bands among the species and the eight populations of A. marginata may depict an evidence of evolutionary origin of the species studied.
Correlation Between Milk Composition and Kids Growth of West African Dwarf (WAD) Goat Fed Forage Based Diet in Southwest Nigeria
(2013) Ogunbosoye, D. O
The study was conducted on the effects of five different forages: Albizia odoratissima, Gliricidia sepium, Leuceana leucocephalla, Spondias mombin, Ficus thonningii and Panicum maximum as control on milk composition, stages of lactation and growth rate of west African dwarf (WAD) goat kids. Twenty one WAD does with their kids were randomly allotted to treatments in a complete randomized design. The test materials had crude protein content (CP) between 14- 24%. Supplemented feed was provided at 2% body weight. The influence of diet on milk composition was significant (p<0.05) with a CP content ranging from 3.10 to 3.92%, milk fat 3.5 to 4.2%, solid-not-fat 11.7 to 13.30% and total ash (0.76-0.96%). The group of animals treated with GL + C showed the highest CP value of milk. Also, the contents of milk protein (3.00 to 3.80%), fat (3.47 to 3.88%) solid not fat (11.31 to13.24%), lactose (4.20 to 4.53%), total ash (0.64 to 0.91%) and total solid (14.83 to 17.12%) varied significantly (p<0.05) among the different stages of lactation. In contrast, the pH of milk (6.75 to 6.99) did not vary among the treatments. The weight of kids at twelve weeks of age was found to be significantly (p<0.005) different which ranged between 3.73 and 5.47kg. The kids under Panicum maximum were dying because their mothers were seriously emaciating and the milk yield could not sustain the kids. It is therefore suggested that browse plants or concentrate supplementation should be encouraged for low quality pasture like guinea grass.
Dietary effects of Sun-hemp (Crotalaria juncea Linn.) in the diet of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus juveniles
(actaSATECH Journal of life and physical sciences, 2013-01) Lawal, M.O.; Aderolu, A.Z.; Adeyemi, A.Y.; Aarode, O.O
With an increasing interest in new feedstuff sources, the seeds of wild plants including the tribal pulses are receiving more attention, because of their high resistance to diseases and pests and in addition, they exhibit good nutritional qualities. The seed of Crotalaria juncea was used to replace soybean meal at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% inclusion levels respectively and the control diet was set up without the test ingredient. C. gariepinus juveniles used for the experiment were fed to satiation thrice daily and their water was changed every other day. The weekly feed supplies and weight gains were recorded and used to compute the growth, nutrient utilization and the economic parameters. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in all the growth and nutrient utilization parameters examined. The highest average weight gain (AWG) was recorded in the control treatment (107.69+2.41g) while the least value (66.09+0.48g) was recorded in fish fed with D6 (30%). Similar patterns of results were observed in the other growth parameters as well as nutrient utilization parameters. The best values for Pin, ICA and ECR were recorded in diet 2 after the CTR compared with other dietary treatments. The packed cell volume, white blood cell and haemoglobin were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the control than other tests. Similarly, the control recorded significant (P<0.05) values in the proximate composition of carcass . Sun-hemp seeds do not have any adverse effect on haematological parameters, and carcass proximate composition of the fish. Furthermore, the cost analysis showed that more profit awaits the farmer if diet 2 (10% sun-hemp seed and 20% soy bean inclusion level) is adopted in addition to the medicinal values of the test ingredient.
Baseline Survey of Smallholder Fish Farming Enterprise in Moro Local Government, Nigeria
(IOSR, 2014) Adeniyi Olarinke Victoria; Folorunsho Bamidele; Olooto Felicia Motunrayo
Fish farming could improve livelihood of rural people and enhance community development. This study, thus, investigated engagement and interest of rural people in fisheries activities in Moro Local Government Area of Kwara State. 120 questionnaires, which were validated by three co-lecturers and with reliability co-efficient of 0.70, were randomly administered in three selected villages. Response was received from 102 people and the data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results indicated that about 60% of the respondents, most of which were married, earned monthly income ≤ N18, 000.00. Only 30.4% were engaged in fisheries activities such as fish hunting, fish processing and marketing, of which 2.0% were engaged in fish farming. 96 respondents indicated their interest in fisheries activities out of which 93.8% were willing to engage in fish farming. Lack of technical skills and capital were the main constraints to fish farming by these people. Training on fish farming techniques as well as access to credit facilities of the rural people was recommended. Fish farming could serve as means of employment and income generation resulting to poverty alleviation among the rural people.
Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of West African Dwarf goats fed graded levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal
(2014) Tona, G. O; Ogunbosoye, D. O; B.A.Bakare
A sixty one days feeding trial was conducted to determine the total feed intake, live weight gain and digestibility coefficients of WAD goats (bucks) fed basal diet of Panicum maximum (guinea grass) and concentrate diet containing Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOL) at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% levels. The animals were allocated to four dietary treatments of three goats per treatment in a completely randomized design experiment. Feed intake, live weight gain and digestibility coefficients were determined. The results showed that the WAD goats fed the concentrate diet with 15% level of inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf meal had significantly higher (P<0.05) rate of growth and digestibility coefficients than those on the 5% and 10% inclusion levels.
Evaluation of Preference and Intake of Browse Species by West African Dwarf Goats in Nigeria
(2014) Ogunbosoye, D. O
In the south west of Nigeria there two distinct seasons (rainy and dry). Forage availability is seasonal. Rainy period is synonymous to abundance of fodders but experience scarcity during dry season. Therefore, in order to broaden the feed base for ruminants in Nigeria, the suitability of thirty one (31) browse species as feed for ruminant animals was investigated. The nutritive components of the foliage of these browse species were determined. Chemical composition of the forages was examined. Presence of secondary metabolites viz-a-viz tannins, saponins and steroids was determined qualitatively. Also, a short term forage preference (acceptability test) for the browse species by West African Dwarf (WAD) goats was evaluated using a cafeteria method in Ten (10) adult female WAD goats. The thirty one (31) browse plants were classified into two groups of legumes and non-legumes. The non-legumes were further sub-divided into non-leguminous family related and unrelated. Results indicate that crude protein (CP) content was significantly (P<0.05) lowest in Syzygium zamaragensis and highest in Griffonia simplicifolia while Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) differed significantly (P<0.05) and ranged from 32.08 to 69.31% in Leucaena leucephala and Kigelia africana respectively. All other components were also varied significantly. The acceptability assessment of the browse species revealed that only twelve of the fodder species evaluated were accepted and when these twelve were further subjected to acceptability test, five of the twelve that were previously preferred were only accepted. The remaining seven were rejected. It was concluded from the study that goats select their diets when they are introduced to varieties of forages.
Proximate composition and sensory qualities of African catfish fed black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, as a dietary protein supplement
(Fisheries Society of Nigeria, 2015) O. V. Adeniyi
Evaluation of the Nutritive Value of Selected Browse Plant Species in the Southern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria for Feeding to Ruminant Animals
(2015) Ogunbosoye, D. O; Tona, G. O; Otukoya F.K
One of the major problems of ruminant production in the tropics is the scarcity of quality forage all the year round. Gliricidia sepium which remains green even during drought has been extensively used for forage during forage scarcity. However, there is need to screen more browse species to broaden the feed base to improve ruminant animal production. Ten common but less utilized browse plants (Ficus polita, Ficus cogensis, Daniella oleiveri, Prosopis africana, Parkia biglobosa, Gliricidia sepium, Ecliptaalba, Albizia odoratissima, Polyalthia longifolia and Moringaoleifera) were evaluated for their nutrient composition. Results showed that crude protein content was highest (29.60%) in Moringa oleifera and lowest (15.84%) in Daniella oleiveri. Crude fibre compositions ranged between 13.87% - 29.33% in Albizia odoratissima and Parkia biglobosa respectively. A range of 3.25% - 6.30% and 6.68%-9.45% values were recorded for EE and ash respectively for the ten browse plants. The values reported for mineral content showed that M. oleifera had the lowest value of Ca (0.68%), P (0.15%) and Mg (0.25%). Eclipta alba was observed to be richest in mineral elements amongst the browse species with the highest concentrations of Ca, Mg, P, K, Zn, Fe, Cu and S. The fibre contents of the forages showed a range of 42.41 to 61.31, 29.51 to 49.58, 5.71 to 9.27, and 10.98 to12.90 for NDF, ADF, ADL and hemicelluloses respectively. The nonfibrous carbohydrate (NFC) contents of the browse species were observed to vary widely ranging from 6.59 (Pakia biglobosa) to 22.16% (Gliricidia sepium). The values reported for anti-nutritive factors (tannin, saponin, phytate and oxalate) were low in all species. The results of this study showed that the browse species in general contained high levels of nutrients and hence have potential as good feedstuffs for ruminant animal feeding.

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