Department of Medical Laboratory Science

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(2025), Volume 11, Issue 1 Niyi et al. 22 https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/HealthResJ RESEARCH ARTICLE EFFECTS OF SALBUTAMOL ADMINISTRATION ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND CYTOAR- CHITECTURE OF THE CEREBELLUM AND HIPPOCAMPUS OF ADULT WISTAR RATS
(Health and Research Journal, 2025-01) Popoola AbdulGafar Niyi; Ibrahim Munirudeen; Ibiyeye Ruqayyah Yetunde; Faniyi Ayodeji Amos; Balogun Musbau Olusesan; Busari Akeem Olayinka; Garba Wasiu Olanrewaju; Ogunwale Kolawole Ayobami; Lawal Abubakar Zubair; Suleiman Ibrahim Eleha; Adunmo Godwin Olawoyin; Nuhu Abdulrazak
Abstract Background: Salbutamol is the most preferred and widely used drug for treating bronchial asthma and bronchospasm. Its abuse has however been reported amongst users. Most of the side effects reports on salbutamol are clinical based such as headache, tremor, weakness etc. This study, therefore, investigated the sub-acute effect of oral salbutamol on the general morphology of the cerebellum and hippocampus of adult Wistar rats. Method and Material: Twenty adult Male Wistar rats (125 – 224g) were divided into four groups of five rats each. The control (distilled water); the 20mg/kg salbutamol, the 30mg/kg salbutamol, and the 40mg/kg salbutamol groups. Drugs were administered orally for 21 days. The body weight of each animal was monitored throughout the experiment. On day 22, animals were euthanized, brains excised, fixed in 10% buffered formal-saline, cerebelli and hippocampi were identified and processed with Haematoxylin and Eosin staining techniques. Data were analysed by ANOVA at p≤0.05 level of significance using SPSS and results presented as mean ± SEM Results: Results showed that the animals that received 30mg/kg and 40mg/kg salbutamol had significant weight loss. The cerebellum of the 40mg/kg group showed eroded granule cell layer. Hippocampus also revealed pyknotic cells in the pyramidal cell layers at 30mg/kg and 40mg/kg. Conclusions: This study showed that salbutamol at relatively higher doses caused significant weight loss; degeneration of cerebellum granule cells, which might affect motor coordination; and pyknosis of hippocampal pyramidal cells which may affect learning and memory. Keywords: Salbutamol, weight loss, brain, degeneration.
Antimalarial and Reno-protective Potentials of Combined Stem Bark Extracts of Khaya grandifoliola and Enantia chlorantha in Plasmodium Infected Mice
(Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 2018-01-07) Ismaila Olanrewaju Nurain, Clement Olatunbosun Bewaji, Abdulazeez Aderemi Abubakar, Abdulrazaq Mustapha, Emmanuel Oladipo Ajani, Saeed Sabiu, Lutfat Abimbola Usman, Hassan Taye Abdulhameed, Sikiru Bolaji Ahmed
ABSTRACT Background: Malaria is a worldwide threat, which affects millions of people. Although several antimalarial has been reported, they are either not effective or toxic. This study evaluated the antimalarial efficacy and safety of stem bark aqueous extracts of Khaya grandifoliola (KG) and Enantia chlorantha (EC) in Plasmodium berghie (NK65S) infected Swiss mice. Methods: Forty-two animals were grouped into six groups. Group A (control) comprised uninfected animals given sterile placebo. Group B was infected but untreated. Groups C, D, E, and F were infected and treated with 50 mg/kg artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), 400 mg/kg body weight of KG, EC, and the combined extracts (200 mg/ml body weight each) respectively. Results: Alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids, tannin and saponins were all present in the two extracts. The percentage parasitemia in the treated groups C, D, E, and F was significantly (P˂0.05) reduced from 44%, 24%, 35%, and 31% to 17%, 8%, 9% and 8% respectively. The level of creatinine C (1.33±0.08 g/d), D (2.07±0.15 g/d), E (2.17±0.24 g/d) and F (1.20±0.0.12 g/d) increased significantly (P˂0.05) compared to group A (0.73±0.08 g/d). There was no significant difference in the urea level, potassium and sodium concentrations among all the groups. Conclusion: The efficacy and renal safety of oral administration of aqueous stem bark extract of KG and EC were confirmed. Therefore, the extracts could be used as alternatives to standard drugs in the management of malaria. Keywords: Combination Therapy, Enantia chlorantha, Khaya grandifoliola, Malaria, Reno Protective Effects.
Assessment of serum protein profile in sickle cell disease
(2024-12-04) Munirudeen Ibrahim, Hafiz Abiodun Yakub, Wasiu O. Garuba, Tolulope Ogunniyi, Abubakar Z. Lawal, Godwin O. Adunmo, Kola A Ogunwale, Akeem O. Busari, AbdulGafar N Popoola, Suleiman I. Eleha, Abdulrazak Nuhu, Musbaudeen Ibrahim
Blood Group, Genotype, Malaria, Blood Pressure and Blood Glucose Screening Among Selected Adults of a Community in Kwara State: Implications to Public Health
(Asian Hematology Research Journal, 2022-06) A. F. Anyiam; O. C. Arinze-Anyiam; P. O. Omosigho; Ibrahim Munirudeen; E. A. Irondi; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; E. Obi
Abstract Background and Objective: Blood groups and Haemoglobin variants vary widely. The malaria scourge is a major setback in Africa. Due to ageing, adults are prone to non-communicable diseases like hypertension. This research was carried out to determine the ABO, Rhesus blood groups and Haemoglobin variants among young people, and to carry out malaria, blood pressure and blood glucose screening among the elderly in Osi Community, Ekiti Local Government Area, Kwara State. Materials and Methods: An empirical research design was done in Osi Community from June 2021 to August 2021. A total of 84 elderly subjects (46 females and 38 males), and 90 young subjects (51 females and 39 males) were selected by purposive sampling. ABO and Rhesus groups were determined using tiles. Haemoglobin variants were determined using alkaline electrophoresis. Malaria screening was done using rapid diagnostic kits. Blood pressure was measured using arm blood pressure monitor. Blood glucose was measured using glucometer. Results: Elderly males mean age was 66.58±10.97 years compared to 62.07±11.74 years for females (p=0.075). Elderly males blood glucose was 112.71±21.85 mg/dl and 105.09±38.46 mg/dl for females (p=0.281). Systolic blood pressureamong elderly males was 147.89±24.45 mmHg and 150.07±22.88 mmHg for females (p=0.676). Diastolic blood pressure among elderly males was 86.61±15.07 mmHg and 86.41±11.12 mmHg for females (p= 0.947). ABO and Rhesus blood group number and percentages among young people were: blood group A 28 (31.1%), B 18 (20.0%), AB 4 (4.4%), O 40 (44.4%), while Rhesus D positive subjects were 87 (96.7%), and Rhesus D negative subjects were 3 (3.3%). Haemoglobin genotype distribution was: AA 66 (73.3%), AS 24 (26.7%), SS 0 (0.0%). Conclusion: The risk of getting heart-related illnesses increases with age. Knowledge of ABO, Rhesus blood groups and haemoglobin genotype variants is vital in healthcare management, medical diagnosis and genetic counselling.
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Ocimum gratissimum (Scent Leaf) on Renal Profile of Male Wistar Rats
(Al-Hikmah Journal of Health Sciences (AJOHS), 2021-12) Busari Akeem Olayinka; Salau Fatimoh Abimbola; Bashir Shefiat; Bolaji Moshood; Balogun Morufu Eyitayo; Ibrahim Munirudeen; Garuba Wasiu Olanrewaju; Popoola Niyi Abdulgafar; Adunmo Godwin O.; Lawal Abubakar Z.; Ogunwale Kolawole Tajudeen; Adedokun Kamoru Ademola; Ogundiran Simeon Makinde; Ahmad Muhammad Bello; Mohammed Idris Yahaya; Akinola Franklin Folasele; Adeosun Oyebola Ganiyu
Abstract Humans have given the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum (O. gratissimum) a great deal of attention due to their vast medical usefulness, culinary application, and pharmacological effects. As a result, the study evaluated the effect of O. gratissimum on renal profile of male Wistar rats. Ten healthy male Wistar rats were randomized into test and control groups comprising of 5 animals each. The test group received 400mg/Kg O. gratissimum leaf extract whereas the control group was fed with normal rat diet and water. The rats were euthanized through cervical dislocation at the end of the experiment and blood sample was collected through heart puncture for serum assessment renal profile while the kidney was excised for histological examination. The Results showed a non-significant at p>0.05 increase in serum electrolytes and urea while significant at p<0.05 decrease in the mean serum creatinine level was observed in the test group compared to the control group. Also, the histological examination of the kidney tissue revealed a mild lymphocytic infiltration in the test group compared to the control group. Conclusively, the study suggested a dose-dependent toxicological effect of O. gratissimum on renal profile.
Effects of Aqueous Extract of Ficus Exasperata (Sandpaper Leaf) on Haematological and Some Inflammatory Markers in Wistar Rats Induced Hypertension
(2023-12-05) Wasiu Olanrewaju Garuba, Gbadebo Maroof Oyeniyi, Ibrahim Munirudeen, Mustapha Abdulrazaq, Akeem Olayinka Busari, Kolawole Tajudeen Ogunwale, Tolulope Joseph Ogunniyi, Iqmat Abimbola Abdulsalam
Effects of Aqueous Extract of Ficus Exasperata (Sandpaper Leaf) on Haematological and Some Inflammatory Markers in Wistar Rats Induced Hypertension
(AL-HIKMAH JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES (AJOHS), 2023-11-23) Wasiu Olanrewaju Garuba, Gbadebo Maroof Oyeniyi, Ibrahim Munirudeen, Mustapha Abdulrazaq, Akeem Olayinka Busari, Kolawole Tajudeen Ogunwale, Tolulope Joseph Ogunniyi, Iqmat Abimbola Abdulsalam
Hypertension is a global health concern associated with cardiovascular diseases. Ficus exasperata has gained popularity as an alternative therapy to manage hypertension due to its perceived safety and availability. This study evaluated some haematological and inflammatory markers of Ficus exasperata leaf extract in salt-induced hypertensive Wistar rats. Twenty Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, salt-induced + Nifedipine, salt-induced + Ficus exasperata leaf extract (200 mg/kg), salt induced + Ficus exasperata leaf extract (400 mg/kg), and Ficus exasperate leaf extract (600 mg/kg). Hematological parameters were analyzed using a Hematological autoanalyzer (SYSMEX 1000), Albumin was analyzed using Bromocresogreen (BCG), and C-reactive protein was analyzed using the ELISA method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. RBC (Red Blood Cell), PCV (Packed Cell Volume), and Hb (Hemoglobin) significantly increased upon treatment with 200 mg/kg body weight of Ficus exasperata leaf extract + 8% salt compared to control at p<0.05. However, the red cell parameters significantly decreased after administering 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg body weight of Ficus exasperata at p < 0.05. Albumin increased after treatment with 200 mg/kg body weight of Ficus exasperata leaf extract + 8% salt and 600 mg/kg body weight of Ficus exasperata leaf extract compared to control at p<0.05 but decreased after administering 400 mg/kg body weight of Ficus exasperata leaf extract + 8% salt compared to control at p < 0.05. There was no significant difference in WBC (White Blood Cell) and CRP (C-reactive protein) among the groups p > 0.05. Conclusively, Ficus exasperata leaf extract, particularly at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, holds potential as a natural therapy for mitigating salt-induced hypertension and its associated complications.
Effects of Aqueous Extract of Ficus Exasperata (Sandpaper Leaf) on Haematological and Some Inflammatory Markers in Wistar Rats Induced Hypertension
(Al-Hikmah Journal of Health Sciences (AJOHS), 2023-11) Wasiu Olanrewaju Garuba; Gbadebo Maroof Oyeniyi; Ibrahim Munirudeen; Mustapha Abdulrazaq; Akeem Olayinka Busari; Kolawole Tajudeen Ogunwale; olulope Joseph Ogunniyi; Iqmat Abimbola Abdulsalam
Abstract Hypertension is a global health concern associated with cardiovascular diseases. Ficus exasperata has gained popularity as an alternative therapy to manage hypertension due to its perceived safety and availability. This study evaluated some haematological and inflammatory markers of Ficus exasperata leaf extract in salt-induced hypertensive Wistar rats. Twenty Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, salt-induced + Nifedipine, salt-induced + Ficus exasperata leaf extract (200 mg/kg), salt-induced + Ficus exasperata leaf extract (400 mg/kg), and Ficus exasperate leaf extract (600 mg/kg). Hematological parameters were analyzed using a Hematological autoanalyzer (SYSMEX 1000), Albumin was analyzed using Bromocresogreen (BCG), and C-reactive protein was analyzed using the ELISA method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. RBC (Red Blood Cell), PCV (Packed Cell Volume), and Hb (Hemoglobin) significantly increased upon treatment with 200 mg/kg body weight of Ficus exasperata leaf extract + 8% salt compared to control at p<0.05. However, the red cell parameters significantly decreased after administering 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg body weight of Ficus exasperata at p < 0.05. Albumin increased after treatment with 200 mg/kg body weight of Ficus exasperata leaf extract + 8% salt and 600 mg/kg body weight of Ficus exasperata leaf extract compared to control at p<0.05 but decreased after administering 400 mg/kg body weight of Ficus exasperata leaf extract + 8% salt compared to control at p < 0.05. There was no significant difference in WBC (White Blood Cell) and CRP (C-reactive protein) among the groups p > 0.05. Conclusively, Ficus exasperata leaf extract, particularly at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, holds potential as a natural therapy for mitigating salt-induced hypertension and its associated complications
Effects of salbutamol administration on the morphology and cytoarchitecture of the cerebellum and hippocampus of adult wistar rats
(2024-11-04) Munirudeen Ibrahim, Hafiz Abiodun Yakub, Wasiu O. Garuba, Tolulope Ogunniyi, Abubakar Z. Lawal, Godwin O. Adunmo, Kola A Ogunwale, Akeem O. Busari, AbdulGafar N Popoola, Suleiman I. Eleha, Abdulrazak Nuhu, Musbaudeen Ibrahim
Evaluation of Serum Creatine Kinase and Lactate Dehydrogenase Activities in Hypertensive Patients Attending General Hospital Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
(2022-10-22) Akeem Olayinka Busari, Temitope Ayobami Onamadi, Munirudeen Ibrahim, Morufu Eyitayo Balogun, Wasiu Olanrewaju Garba,
Evaluation of Serum Creatine Kinase and Lactate Dehydrogenase Activities in Hypertensive Patients Attending General Hospital Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
(2021-12) Busari Akeem Olayinka; Onamadi Temitope Ayobami; Ibrahim Munirudeen; Balogun Morufu Eyitayo; Garba Wasiu Olanrewaju; Ogunwale Kolawole Tajudeen; Adunmo Godwin O.; Ahmad Muhammed Bello; Mohammed Idris Yahaya; Nassar Sulaiman Adebayo; Akinola Franklin Folasele; Popoola Niyi Abdulgafar; Lawal Abubakar Zubair; Oyeniyi Maroof Gbadebo; Eleha Suleiman
Abstract The main factor contributing to morbidity and mortality is hypertension. Although blood pressure is a complicated feature, studies have shown that the activity of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-generating enzymes like creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a major predictor of hypertension. As a result, this study evaluated the activities of CK and LDH activities in hypertensive patients attending the General Hospital Ilorin, Kwara State. One hundred and sixty-one (161) hypertensive patients and thirty-nine (39) normotensive subjects were recruited into a case-control study of 200 participants. Body mass index (BMI) was estimated from each participant's measured weight and height, while the blood pressure was determined from the measured systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) using conventional mercury sphygmomanometer. A 5 mls sample of blood was taken from each subject, and the extracted serum was analyzed using an enzymatic-kinetic method to quantify the CK and LDH activities. Results showed that hypertensive patients had significantly at p<0.05 higher serum CK and LDH activities in hypertensive compared to apparently healthy normotensives. Thus, this study observed significantly increase CK and LDH activities in hypertensive patients
Histological Changes and Lipid Profile Analysis in Male Rats Exposed High Fat Diet
(2022-11-01) 1Ibrahim Munirudeen, *2Lawal Abubakar Z, 4Ogunwale Kola A, 1Falusi Titilope A, 1Garuba Wasiu O, Popoola Abdulgafar N, Adunmo Godwin.O, Suleiman Ibrahim E, Busari Akeem O, Balogun Musbau O, Nuhu Abdulrasak
Histological Changes and Lipid Profile Analysis in Male Rats Exposed High Fat Diet
(International Journal of Basic and Clinical Toxicology, 2022-11-19) Ibrahim Munirudeen; Lawal Abubakar Z; Ogunwale Kola A; Falusi Titilope A; Garuba Wasiu O; Popoola Abdulgafar N; Adunmo Godwin.O; Suleiman Ibrahim E; Busari Akeem O; Balogun Musbau O; Nuhu Abdulrasak
Abstract Background: High Fat Diet (HFD) is associated with development of cardiovascular, metabolic, liver and central nervous system diseases. The study is aimed at evaluating the effects of high fat diets on lipid profile and selected organs in male wistar rats. Methodology: 24 rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups. Group A received Normal Rat Chow diet + Distilled Water (DW), Group B fed 25% HFD + DW, Group C fed with 50% HFD + DW and Group D fed 100% HFD + DW. Animal’s weights were measured pre and post-treatment. Rats were anaesthetized (diethylether) and sacrificed after 12 hours fast. The blood samples taken from the orbital sinus, centrifuged and serum obtained was used for the assay of lipoprotein A, Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). The brain, liver and heart were excised and processed for histology. Results: Result showed the presence of a significant dose dependent increase (p < 0. 0 5) in the body weight, concentrations of TC, TAG, LDL, lipoprotein A and decrease in the concentrations of HDL in HFD groups compared with the control. Histological results from HFD treated rats have showed no histological abnormalities of the liver, brain and heart tissues. Conclusion: Intake of high fat diets in this study altered serum lipid profile with significant weight gain - a risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Keywords: High Fat Diet, Lipid profile, Lipoprotein A, Histological Changes
Measurement of CD4+ Cells and Liver Functions in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy
(2017-11-23) Olisekodiaka MJ
Measurement of CD4+ Cells and Liver Functions in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy
(2017-10-23) Olisekodiaka MJ, Onuegbu AJ, Igbeneghu C, Garuba WO, Amah UK, Okwara JE
Measurement of CD4+ Cells and Liver Functions in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy.
(2017-10-23) Olisekodiaka MJ, Onuegbu AJ, Igbeneghu C, Garuba WO, Amah UK, Okwara JE
ABSTRACT Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is widely used in the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection but toxicity is widely reported amongst patients. Hepatotoxicity is commonly reported among HIV patients on treatment with HAART, but there is lack of consensus between authors on whether liver disease seen in these patients is as a result of HAART or HIV infection itself. This study examined the possible effect of HAART on activity of liver enzymes, bilirubin level and Cluster Differentiation of Antigen (CD4+) in HIV patients on drug treatment. Methods: Forty (40) HIV patients on HAART (Group 1), forty (40) treatment naïve HIV patients (Group 2) were recruited from the Institute of Human Virology of Nigeria (IHVN) Clinic, Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo while forty (40) HIV negative subjects (group 3) served as control. Activities of Alanine aminotransferases (ALT), aspartate aminotransferases (AST) and bilirubin level were determined spectrophotometrically while CD4+ count was by flow cytometry. Results: Results from this study showed that mean activities of the enzymes ALT and AST were significantly different among the groups studied (p < 0.0001). Mean total bilirubin concentration highest in group 1, followed by group 2 and then group 3. When means of conjugated bilirubin fraction were compared in all the groups, significant difference in means was observed (p<0.0001). The mean CD4+ count was highest in group3, followed by group 1 and least in the HIV treatment naïve group (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The increases in ALT, AST, CB and TB seen in HIV patients on HAART treatments may be due to HIV infection and HAART treatments, which could be attributed to liver damage observed in these patients. Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), HAART, Liver Enzymes, Bilirubin, CD4+ count.
MICROBIOLOGY OF OTITIS MEDIA IN CHILDREN IN ILORIN, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
(International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 2022-03) Omosigho, Omoruyi Pius, Izevbuwa, Osazee Ekundayo, Lawal, Kafilah Opeyemi, Osaiyuwu, Osarenren Clement and Mustapha Abdulrazaq
Otitis media (OM) is an inflammatory disease of the mucosal lining of the middle ear that is frequently caused by the accumulation of fluid usually behind the blocked Eustachian tube. Otitis media is a serious healthcare concern worldwide, especially among children, leading to diverse health related problems and discomfort.It is a huge burden, not only because of the distress it causes the patient and their family, but also because of the substantial economic challenges it imposes on the health care system.This study was conducted specifically to determine the prevalence of bacteria associated with Otitis media among children in Kwara state and also to determine the risk factors predisposing children to Otitis media in Ilorin, Kwara state. Middle ear swab samples were aseptically obtained from the consented participants observing international best practices. A total of 400 children aged 0- 10 years who presented to the study area with signs and symptoms of OM including those at the children out–patient department and those attended to at the otorhinolaryngology clinics of General Hospital Ilorin who also conformed to the inclusion criteria were included in this study. The specimens were cultured immediately following standard operating procedures to isolate, characterize and identify the various bacterial species present in the samples and also, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on the pure cultures to demonstrate the sensitivity and resistance of specific antibiotics to the bacteria isolates. Out of the four hundred samples collected from the middle ear of the children participants, 172 (43.0%) of the samples showed significant bacteria growth and 228(57.0%) showed no growth. The highest OM prevalence was observed in children aged0- 2 (59.3%) and least among children aged 7-10 years with a prevalence of 9.3%. OM was more prevalent among the female participants in this research (53.5%) than the male counterparts (46.5%) the commonest bacteria agent of OM was Escherichia coli (52.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for the least infection with a prevalence of (10.7%), Rural dwellers had more OM than urban dwellers. Varying degrees of susceptibility variation was observed among the antibiotics used in this research. OM is still a major health concern among children especially those in rural communities living in crowded environments with poor sanitation. Hence it is imperative for Government to improve awareness about OM and improve the living condition of citizens especially those residing in the rural communities. Proper sanitary practices should also be advocated in schools, daycare facilities and homes in order to mitigate the menace associated with OM. Keywords: Otitis media, middle ear, Kwara State, ELISA. Microorganisms, children
Nasal Carrier of Methicillin-Resistance Staphylococcus Aureus in Apparently Healthy Individuals in Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
(Elite Journal of Medicine., 2024) Abdulrazaq Mustapha, Tolulope Joseph Ogunniyi, Tajudeen Sulaiman Olaide, Catherine Olutoyin Adekunle and Abdulrahman Abdulbasit Opeyemi and Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
Abstract Infections in hospitals and the general population are frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is still a significant nosocomial pathogen, and because of its resistance to several medications, infections are frequently hard to treat. As such the study aim to isolate Staphylococcus aureus in nasal carrier of an apparently healthy students in Kwara state university, using standard bacteriological method, and determine the prevalence of MRSA and MSSA from the isolate. The study is a cross-sectional study done to determine the distribution of MRSA among Kwara state university students using a Nasal swab. Microbial isolates were identified based on their colonial morphology and biochemical reaction and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using Mueller Hinton Agar following the disk diffusion method with cefoxitin disk while the zone of inhibition was recorded using the CLSI standard. A total number of 100 nasal swab samples were collected from 100 apparently healthy students of Kwara state university and were screened for Methiciillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Out of 100 samples screened (50 from males and females participants each), 42 (42%) of the isolates were Staphylococcus aureus based on morphology and biochemical tests. Of the 42 Staphylococcus aureus isolated, 19 (45%) and 23 (55%) was from males and females participant respectively. The prevalence of MSSA and MRSA is 8 (16%) and 11 (22%) respectively among males participant, and 9 (18%) and 14 (28%) respectively among the females participant. The study reported a significant rate of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among the study participants and emphasized the need for Keywords: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Nasal carrier, antimicrobial resistance.
Preparation and characterization of hydroxyapatite powder for biomedical applications from giant African land snail shell using a hydrothermal technique
(2020-02-29) Kolawole, M.Y., Olayiwola, A. J., Sulaiman, A., Ali, A., & Iqbal, F.
The need for hydroxyapatite synthesized from an inexpensive raw material is on the increase due to the expense of high purity calcium and demand of hydroxyapatite powder in dentistry, orthopaedics and trauma surgery. Additionally, efforts towards recycling and reuse of waste into value added products such as hydroxyapatite, have been one of the targeted goals of the SDG by the year 2030 to improve healthcare and for environmental friendliness. Giant African land snail shells(Archachatina marginata) are a waste material that is now being considered for use as a calcium precursor for hydroxyapatite production. Additionally, the effect of various low temperature hydrothermal treatments on the properties of hydroxyapatite derived in this manner are presented. Snail shell powder calcined at 900°C for 3 hours in a bench top electric furnace was used in the current study as calcium precursor. Hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was prepared via a hydrothermal technique at 100, 150 and 200 °C for 4hr of soaking time. Characterization of calcinedandun-calcined snail shell as well as hydroxyapatite powders was done using XRF, XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDS to determine the phase content, functional groups, morphology and elemental composition, respectively. Results of calcination indicated a 81.80% CaO yield compared to 66.4% for un-calcined snail shell powder. The outcome of XRD and FTIR analyses of hydroxyapatite powders produced under various hydrothermal treatments compare favourably with HA currently available on the market. The hydrothermal temperature influenced the crystallite size and microstructure of hydroxyapatite powder. A minimum crystallite size of 23.1 nm with Ca/P stoichiometric ratio of 1.6,suitable for biomedical applications, was obtained at 100 °C. This is compared to a crystallite size of50.58 nm for commercial hydroxyapatite examined under the same conditions. Hence, African giant snail shells can serve as inexpensive calcium source for nano-hydroxyapatite powder production that is useful in biomedical applications
Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and Haematological profile among Children in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
(2024-08) Ahmmed, B. O; Nassar, S.A
Background: Malaria is one of the most severe global public health problems worldwide, particularly in Africa, where Nigeria was ranked among the countries with the highest numbers of malaria cases. This community-based study was designed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of malaria and to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and Haematological profile regarding malaria among children in Ilorin North-Central Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted on 354 participants from three local government areas in Ilorin Kwara Central Senatorial districts of Kwara State. Blood samples were collected and examined for the presence of Plasmodium species by rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and Giemsa-stained (thin and thick blood films). Detail information on demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental data using a pre tested questionnaire designed with the standard knowledge, attitudes and practices were collected. Results: A total of 279 (78.8%) participants were found positive for Plasmodium falciparum. The prevalence differed significantly by age group (p < 0.01), but not by gender or location. Also, studies underscore distinct age-associated variations in Haematological parameters, with notable differences in haemoglobin concentration, hematocrit levels, and white blood cell counts among the different age groups. Multivariate analysis showed that malaria was associated significantly with aged, a low household family income, not using insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Overall, 78.8% of the respondents had prior knowledge about malaria, and 64.5, 33.0 and 69.2% knew about its transmission, symptoms, and prevention respectively. Findings also showed that 71.7% of the respondents considered malaria a serious disease. Although 83.3% of the respondents had at least one ITN in their household, utilization rate of ITNs was 72.3%. Significant associations between the respondents’ knowledge concerning malaria and their age, gender, education, and household monthly income were reported. Conclusion: Malaria is still highly prevalent among rural communities in Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria. Despite high levels of knowledge and attitudes in the study area, significant gaps persist in appropriate preventive practices, particularly the use of ITNs. Innovative and Integrated control measures to reduce the burden of malaria should be identified and implemented in these communities. Community mobilization and health education regarding the importance of using ITNs to prevent malaria and save lives should be considered.

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