Antimalarial and Reno-protective Potentials of Combined Stem Bark Extracts of Khaya grandifoliola and Enantia chlorantha in Plasmodium Infected Mice
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Date
2018-01-07
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Iranian Journal of Toxicology
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Malaria is a worldwide threat, which affects millions of people. Although several
antimalarial has been reported, they are either not effective or toxic. This study evaluated the
antimalarial efficacy and safety of stem bark aqueous extracts of Khaya grandifoliola (KG) and
Enantia chlorantha (EC) in Plasmodium berghie (NK65S) infected Swiss mice.
Methods: Forty-two animals were grouped into six groups. Group A (control) comprised uninfected
animals given sterile placebo. Group B was infected but untreated. Groups C, D, E, and F were
infected and treated with 50 mg/kg artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), 400 mg/kg body
weight of KG, EC, and the combined extracts (200 mg/ml body weight each) respectively.
Results: Alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids, tannin and saponins were all
present in the two extracts. The percentage parasitemia in the treated groups C, D, E, and F was
significantly (P˂0.05) reduced from 44%, 24%, 35%, and 31% to 17%, 8%, 9% and 8% respectively.
The level of creatinine C (1.33±0.08 g/d), D (2.07±0.15 g/d), E (2.17±0.24 g/d) and F (1.20±0.0.12
g/d) increased significantly (P˂0.05) compared to group A (0.73±0.08 g/d). There was no significant
difference in the urea level, potassium and sodium concentrations among all the groups.
Conclusion: The efficacy and renal safety of oral administration of aqueous stem bark extract of
KG and EC were confirmed. Therefore, the extracts could be used as alternatives to standard drugs
in the management of malaria.
Keywords: Combination Therapy, Enantia chlorantha, Khaya grandifoliola, Malaria, Reno
Protective Effects.