Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and Haematological profile among Children in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Date
2024-08
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Abstract
Background: Malaria is one of the most severe global public health problems worldwide,
particularly in Africa, where Nigeria was ranked among the countries with the highest
numbers of malaria cases. This community-based study was designed to investigate the
prevalence and risk factors of malaria and to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and
practices (KAP) and Haematological profile regarding malaria among children in Ilorin
North-Central Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted on 354 participants
from three local government areas in Ilorin Kwara Central Senatorial districts of Kwara
State. Blood samples were collected and examined for the presence of Plasmodium
species by rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and Giemsa-stained (thin and thick blood films).
Detail information on demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental data using a pre
tested questionnaire designed with the standard knowledge, attitudes and practices were
collected.
Results: A total of 279 (78.8%) participants were found positive for Plasmodium
falciparum. The prevalence differed significantly by age group (p < 0.01), but not by
gender or location. Also, studies underscore distinct age-associated variations in
Haematological parameters, with notable differences in haemoglobin concentration,
hematocrit levels, and white blood cell counts among the different age groups.
Multivariate analysis showed that malaria was associated significantly with aged, a low
household family income, not using insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Overall, 78.8% of the
respondents had prior knowledge about malaria, and 64.5, 33.0 and 69.2% knew about its
transmission, symptoms, and prevention respectively. Findings also showed that 71.7% of
the respondents considered malaria a serious disease. Although 83.3% of the respondents
had at least one ITN in their household, utilization rate of ITNs was 72.3%. Significant
associations between the respondents’ knowledge concerning malaria and their age,
gender, education, and household monthly income were reported.
Conclusion: Malaria is still highly prevalent among rural communities in Ilorin, Kwara
State Nigeria. Despite high levels of knowledge and attitudes in the study area, significant
gaps persist in appropriate preventive practices, particularly the use of ITNs. Innovative
and Integrated control measures to reduce the burden of malaria should be identified and
implemented in these communities. Community mobilization and health education
regarding the importance of using ITNs to prevent malaria and save lives should be
considered.
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