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WOMEN CONTRIBUTIONS TO SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTS IN NIGERIA
(Journal Of Scientific Research in Allied Sciences, 2019-07-01) Raimi Morufu Olalekan1&3, Bilewu Olaolu Oyinlola2 , Adio Zulkarnaini Olalekan3 , Abdulrahman Halimat
The number of people on the earth, their distributions across the globe, consumption pattern and technologies they use, determine their relevance on the environment. That is, man uses the environment as a resource bank, a habitat and as a sink for wastes. But to correct the ills of the environment, we need to know and understand the environment. To understand the environment, we need to study it. To study the environment with the required precision, we need effective techniques. However, in the world of finite and non-renewable resources, the need to maintain our environment in a sustainable way cannot be overemphasized. This is even more crucial in settings where poverty, population pressure, vagaries of weather, etc. have meant increasing demand on the environment. In particular, societies, such as Nigeria, women are the traditional custodians of the environment their roles are hardly documented nor appreciated. Consequently, most measures that are designed to ameliorate, mitigate and reverse the deleterious impact of man on his environment tend to by-pass women. The very low level of successes of ‘man-centered intervention projects’ does not match the resources expended. To succeed, they need to appreciate the important role of gender relations, in particular women, in the maintenance and sustenance of the milieu as the home of man will loom large. This critically demands a radical departure from the current status quo to a system that places women at the nexus of environmentally friendly measures. In this paper; a framework for the documentation and appreciation of the contribution of women to a myriad of environmental problems is put forward. This framework appreciates the ‘place’ to wit, the socio-cultural and physical milieu that women have to grapple with in foresting healthy environmental management in Nigeria. There is, therefore, need for environmental security for future generations especially as the global environmental change affects the capacity to achieve sustainable development
Public Health Impact of Substance Use on Adolescent: A Snapshot of Yenagoa in Bayelsa State. Nigeria
(https://biomedgrid.com/index.php . American Journal of Biomedical Science and Research.ISSN:2642-1747, 2019-07-29) Raimi Morufu Olalekan1* , Abdulraheem Aishat Funmilayo2, Major Iteimowei2, Ebikapaye Okoyen3, Bilewu Olaolu Oyinlola
The Nigerian polarization of its society with an estimated population ranging from 198 to 210 million people, growing at the rate of 3.2% per annum, into a large rural sector and a small urban component could provide a basis for the rapid increase in the prevalence of substance use among adolescents, which has aroused public health concern and have been declared a national public health and social emergency with a threat multiplier. One in every five people in the world is an adolescent, regrettably four out of every 10 teenager’s you meet on the street now abuse drugs and if unchecked, seven out of every 10 young persons on your street would become drug addicts by the year 2030 particularly in the major cities. Yet, many adolescents lose their lives during this adolescent period. However, the World Health Organization reported that an estimated 1.7 million adolescents die yearly mostly through accidents, suicide, violence, pregnancy related complications, substance abuse and high-risk behaviors or illnesses that are either preventable or treatable. Adolescents suffer from a preponderance of health risk and behavioral problems. Admittedly, substance abuse is particularly problematic for this population and causes significant harm to their health and well-being. However, the teenage years are so volatile that parents should not worry about making much progress. Consequently, substance use affects developing brain by increasing the risk of addiction, mood disorders, lowered impulse control, increased risk for adverse consequences, confusion, cognitive impairment, and medical morbidity, which can contribute to hospi talizations and health care costs, as well as loss of independence and has been known to increase risky sexual activity, emphysema, lung cancer, heart disease, oral cancers, laryngeal carcinoma, and a number of other health issues in older age, decreased academic grades, and making poor decisions, that can be detrimental to the adolescents using or to others crime, militancy and violence behaviors etc. This article addresses the current trends and research related to the public health impact of substance use on adolescent. It is therefore vital for parent and societies to seize the opportunity of applying behavior modification, mind transformation and remodification therapy to young adults. Also, citizen advocacy should be intensified and encouraged on the health impact of substance use. It is also imperative that all stakeholders engage in concerted efforts to target both parents and adolescents in substance use control strategies
Environmental Ethics Relevance to Public Health: Current Narratives and Implications for Policy
(2019-11-18) Raimi Morufu Olalekan1,5*, Ochayi Ekoja Owobi2, Babatunde Anu3, Okolosi-Patani Innocent Edewor4, Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe5, Adio Zulkarnaini Olalekan5 and Bilewu Olaolu Oyinlola6
The poor state of environment can affect human health and maintaining a perfect environment requires considerable invest ment in staff, resources, good communication, willingness to dialogue and be flexible and listening on both side of the table. It is well known that the promotion of human health can also affect the environment. This cause harm to the environment, such as the increased use of fossil fuel, deforestation, pollution and biodiversity reduction. The relationship between the environment and hu man health creates complex ethical issues related to environmental regulations and health policy decisions. These ethical issues are aimed at increasing and generating emergence of environmental impacts of climate change and new technologies that can affect the environment, such as nanotechnology, genetically modified organisms and biofuels. While, government need to focus on educating its citizen about the importance of environmental health ethic. Promotion and education have proven to be a major contributor to the success of environmental health ethics and is a key to ensuring ethics sustainability. Keywords: Ethics; Sustainability; Human Health; Environmental Harm; Good Communication
Effect of Composted Poultry Manure on Selected Soil Properties and Organic Carbon Under Tomato Cultivation in Abeokuta, Nigeria
(Network of Organic Agriculture Researchers in Africa (noara) www.noara.bio, 2019-12-16) Wahab, Adesina A.; Agbanna, K.; Aina, O; Dada, O. A.; Hamza, A.
Soil quality improvements provide an environment for plant nutrients uptake that influences the development and yield of the crop. This study evaluated the effect of applied composted poultry manure (CPM) on selected soil physical attributes and soil organic carbon content (SOC) under two tomatoes (UC82B and BESKE) varieties planted in succession. Three rates: 0, 10, and 20 t/ha of CPM was applied to two tomato varieties. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. The parameters considered are soil physical properties - bulk density, aggregate stability, total porosity, water retention capacity, and SOC. It was observed that the application of CPM increased SOC, total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability and decreased bulk density in the tomato cropped area. Water retention did not show any significant difference (P<0.05) between depth at different suctions (0, 30,100 kPa). The SOC was highest in 10 ton/ha of CPM. Application of 10 ton/ha compost is adequate to improve carbon content and soil physical properties for studied soil.
Assessment of Bacterial Burden and Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Health Workers on Nosocomial Infection in General Hospital Ilorin, Kwara State
(Asian Journal of Research in Nursing and Health 3(1): 52-63, 2020; Article no.AJRNH.56767, 2020-07-18) Olaolu O. Bilewu1* , Adedapo A. Adejumo1,2 and Abiodun Olasehinde
Background: Nosocomial infection constitute over 25% of infection rates in the hospital setting causing significant morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries [1]. Microorganisms are present in the hospital environment including surfaces of sinks, taps, bedpans, beds, floors, bedspreads, stethoscopes, chairs, cupboards, theatre rooms, on surgical instruments [2]. Microbes in hospital public spaces have been a concern driven subject of significant importance, most especially in developing countries where nosocomial infection is considered to be two to three folds higher than in the developed countries [3]. Methodology: A qualitative survey involved the administration of a structured questionnaire to elicit data on the human dimensions for assessing the knowledge attitude and practice of health worker in nosocomial infection from different Units and Departments of the General Hospital Ilorin. Also, laboratory analysis of samples collected from contact surfaces from different wards was done. Original Research Article Bilewu et al.; AJRNH, 3(1): 52-63, 2020; Article no.AJRNH.56767 53 Results: Showed the practices of health workers that influences nosocomial infection, it indicates a higher percentage (63.7) of the population do not use personal protective equipment(PPE), The waste disposal method open dumping takes the highest percentage (55%) also, once in a day hospital disinfection is indicated by highest percentage (43.3%). Highest percentage (40.8%) Indicated that Izal is used for disinfection A higher percentage (56.8%) indicated that there is no Steady water supply. Highest percentage (59.2%) of the population study indicated that the source of water supply is well. Conclusion: The burden of HAIs is very high, knowledge of workers concerning HAIs is adequate yet the attitude and practice to prevent HAIs is poor, despite the more scientific knowledge on the roles of inanimate objects in the spread of hospital acquired infections, it is starling that only a minority of healthcare worker takes appropriate steps to counter this transmissibility.
Assessment of Patients’ Knowledge of Radiation Exposure during Medical Imaging Procedures at Private Medical Radiography Centres in Ogun State, Nigeria
(Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 2020-10-31) Adedapo A. Adejumo1*, U. Enebeli, Ugo2 and Olaolu O. Bilewu
Introduction: Radiological examinations are commonly requested for patients to aid clinical diagnosis. However, many doctors do not realize how much radiation dosage their patients are exposed to during radiological aim. The main objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of radiation exposure and safety practices among patients undergoing medical imaging in Ado-Odo Local Government Area, in Ogun State of Nigeria. Methodology: A self-administered questionnaire was used for the study. Results: More than half of the respondents 216(69.7%) were female, more than one-quarter 153(49.4) of the respondents were aged 20-29 years, More than half 186(60.0%) of the respondent are single. More than half 204(66.4%) of the respondents have heard about radiation exposure. Majority 232(74.8%) of the respondents agree that radiation hazard do come only from medical radiations. More than half 21(68.7%) of the respondents agree that they do take note of radiation warning sign, majority 236(76.1%) of the respondents agree that they know the wrong use of dose of ionizing radiation can lead to mortality, 217(70.0%) of the respondents agree that inappropriate safety measure on ionizing radiation can result into cancer Conclusion: This study notes that majority of the literature on awareness and knowledge of the effects of ionizing radiation was carried out among health workers, whereas there is limited information from patients who undergo the procedure. This accounts for the paucity of local studies to compare our results with. In future, studies could compare the radiation awareness among patients presenting at health facilities from public and private, as well as differences in awareness levels of self-presenting and prescribed patient
A Beacon for Dark Times Rethinking Scientific Evidence for Environmental and Public Health Action in the Coronavirus Diseases 2019 Era
(MAR Microbiology, 2020-11-01) Raimi Morufu Olalekan*, Moses Tuebi1, Okoyen Ebikapaye2, Sawyerr Henry Olawale3, Joseph Beatrice Oka4, Oyinlola Bilewu Olaolu5
As the COVID-19 pandemic emergence progresses and overwhelming healthcare systems, countries are reviewing their policies to protect those at increased risk of severe disease. These can be policies aimed at suppressing transmission in the wider population, vaccination (if vaccine becomes available) as the world anxiously awaits an effective COVID-19 vaccine that can be readily distributed. Until then, the priority is to reenergize countries to act rather than react. Even as the uncertainties of the COVID-19 crisis multiply, the aim must be to rebuild for the long-term protection i.e., explicit measures to protect people at increased risk by reducing interactions amongst people in danger, etc. The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has forced us to realize the fact that progress towards Sustainable Development Goals is threatened and fragile, as the numbers of people heading into poverty are now at increased risk of setbacks. It also stresses the need to strengthen the relationship between scientific evidence to protect the environment and public health. This requires an understanding of the importance of the interventions to address structural inequity, global health care and coverage, and comprehensive social protection schemes as part of the response. It is time to recognize that not all of us are at equal risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19 and to work with stakeholders to formulate an effective response. This study presents evidence from studies informing policymakers about the number of individuals that might be at increased risk or high risk of severe COVID-19 in different nations. Therefore, there is a need to develop scientific evidence for rapid assessments of environmental and public health action in the era of coronavirus diseases, which should focus on different policies guidelines to prevent those at increased risk. Estimating the number of people at high risk of severe COVID-19 is important to help countries to design more effective interventions to protect vulnerable individuals and reduce strain on health systems. This information can provide and inform a comprehensive assessment of the health, social, and economic consequences of shielding different groups, suggesting the need to develop a longer-term Covid-19 management strategy
Assessment of Preparedness and Community Based /nƚĞƌǀĞnƟŽn Strategies for WƌĞǀĞnƟŽn and Control of Lassa Fever in Rural Malete, Kwara State
(2021-12-31) Bilewu O Olaolu* , Nusirat Elelu, Adejumo A Adedapo, Ige Taiye and Yusuf F Issa
Background: The outbreak of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs) in the West African sub region in recent timĞƐ had nĞŐĂtivĞ consequences on the health systems, ŝnƚĞrnĂtiŽnĂů travels, movements and trades. Nigeria is Ɛtiůů bĂƩůŝnŐ with a ƐŝŐnŝĮcĂnƚ spread of Lassa Fever (LF) outbreak. Aims: This study assessed preparedness and community bas ed ŝnƚĞrvĞntiŽn strategies for ƉrĞvĞntiŽn and control of Lassa fever in rural Malete, Kwara State. Methodology: This was a ĚĞƐcrŝƉtivĞ cross ƐĞctiŽnĂů study carried out among. Two hundred ĮŌy nine (259) people in rural Malete. Study respondents were s elected using mƵůtiƐƚĂŐĞ sampling technique. A well structur ed, paper based, interviewer administered qƵĞƐtiŽnnĂŝrĞ w as used for data cŽůůĞctiŽn͘ Data was analyzed using ^ƚĂtiƐticĂů Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0, ƐŽŌwĂrĞ package for windows (IBM SPSS, 2017) ĚĞƐcrŝƉtivĞ and classical ƐƚĂtiƐticƐ were adopted and the level of ƐŝŐnŝĮcĂncĞ for the ƐƚĂtiƐticĂů tests was set at ≤ 0.05. Result: More than half of the respondents 75(64.7%) in the age group (21-30 years) agree they know strategies against Lassa fever ƉrĞvĞntiŽn and control in Malete, 35(57.6%) in the age group (31-40 years) of the respondents also agree they know strategies against Lassa fever ƉrĞvĞntiŽn and control in Malete. Majority 39(77.3%) of respondents in the age group (41-50 years) agree they know strategies against Lassa fever ƉrĞvĞntiŽn and control in Malete. 12(52%) of the respondents in (51 above years) years category agree that they know if the state rĞŐƵůĂtiŽnƐ for ƉrŽƚĞctiŽn against rĂĚŝĂtiŽn is available. Discussion: Past epidemic control in Nigeria have occurred, leaving ůŝƩůĞ or no traces of ĞxŝƐtinŐ control structures behind and preparing no ground for future outbreaks and ůŝƩůĞ or no emphasis on preparedness. Adequate training and retraining of health care providers as well as the establishing well equipped ŝnĨĞctiŽƵƐ disease clinics, laboratories and research centers would help in the prompt containment, diagnosis and treatment of Lassa and would help in ĂvĞrtinŐ possible future outbreaks
Community-level survey of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive measures in Kwara State, Nigeria: good knowledge vs poor attitude
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/about/covid-19/, 2022-07-06) Nusirat Elelu,a Olaolu Bilewu,b Fatima Sanusi,c and Ahmad Ibrahim Al-Mustapha
Background The public knowledge and adherence to the established coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) precautionary measures are crucial to Nigeria's war against the pandemic. Public health education on its preventive practices at the grassroots level was initially crucial to achieving a lower COVID-19 incidence in Kwara State, Nigeria. Methods We assessed the knowledge of, and adherence to COVID-19 precautionary measures at the community level among 795 respondents from the three senatorial zones of Kwara State. Results 54.5% (433/795) of the respondents were aged between 21 and 40 years, and 45.9% (365/795) of the respondents had a bachelor's degree or higher. Study participants had a good knowledge of COVID-19, its symptoms, and its mode of transmission. 91.8% of the respondents (730/795) had a positive perception of the COVID-19 preventive measures while 96.1% (763/795) of the respondents agreed that maintaining social distance was important in curbing the COVID-19 pandemic. However, only 38% (302/795) of them used face masks and only 25.7% (204/795) of the respondents used hand sanitizers. In addition, only 31.9% (253/795) of the respondents isolated themselves when they were ill. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis revealed that education, occupation, gender, and ethnicity were significantly associated with positive COVID-19 preventive practices among residents of Kwara State. Civil servants were more likely (AOR: 3.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67 to 14.82; P = 0.034) to have positive preventive attitudes than other respondents. Study participants with tertiary education and those that were Yoruba (ethnicity) were 14.81 times more likely (95% CI: 4.29 to 51.05; P = 0.001) and 5.19 times more likely (95% CI: 1.82 to 14.84; P = 0.007) to have positive attitudes towards the laid-down COVID-19 preventive measures respectively. Conclusion The poor community adherence to the COVID-19 preventive practices could pre-dispose Kwara to more COVID-19 cases. More community engagement activities are needed to fully curb the spread of the COVID-19. Public health education should focus on preventive measures, vaccine acceptance, and community monitoring of COVID-19. Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Community engagement, Non-pharmaceutical interventions, Kwara State, Nigeria

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