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- ItemGas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry Analysis and in Silico Antimalarial Activity Studies of Compounds from Leaves Extracts of Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) Kuntze(Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 2024-08-17) Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Abdulfatai T. Ajiboye; Hassan T, Abdulameed; Nik Nur Syazni Nik Mohamed KamalBackground: Malaria remains the deadliest infectious diseases in many tropical and subtropical regions, including Nigeria and other West African countries where its transmission occurs all year round. In many inhabitants, medicinal plants are traditionally used as remedies against the symptoms of acute malaria because of their efficacious properties demonstrated by their phytoconstituents. Mitragyna inermis is one of the medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Nigeria for the treatment of various human diseases including malaria. Methods: We identified the phytochemical constituents of the methanol leaves extract of M. Inermis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Furthermore, the in silico antimalarial study was conducted by investigating the binding interactions of the identified compounds with plasmepsin II, a key enzyme implicated in malaria pathogenesis using EH58 reference ligand by employing molecular docking techniques. Results: A total number of 40 compounds were identified from the extract of M.inermis, and cis- 13,16-docasadienoic acid (12. 33 %) was identified as the major phytochemical. Other phytochemicals like Pyrrolo[1,2-a] pyazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(methylpropyl), 3-benzyl-6- methyl-2,5-piperazinedione, 2,5 dibenzyloxynitrobenzene, carbonic acid, 2-dimethylaminoethyl neopentyl ester were found but in trace amounts. The results of molecular docking studies predicted interactions of compounds from M. inermis with plasmepsin II enzyme. Five top-scoring bioactive compounds were selected based on their binding energies (docking scores) upon docking with target protein, with compound 2, (2,5-dibenzyloxynitrobenzene) exhibiting the best binding affinity. ADME properties indicated favorable drug-like characteristics for these compounds, while toxicity predictions showed hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity. Pharmacokinetic assessments revealed high gastrointestinal absorption, blood-brain barrier permeability for compound 2, and inhibition potential against CYP enzymes for certain compounds, offering insights into their therapeutic potential against malaria. Conclusion: The molecular docking analysis revealed the potential of phytochemicals from M. inermis to interact effectively with plasmepsin II enzyme, showing promising antimalarial potentials. The identified compounds exhibited favorable drug-like properties and minimal toxicity concerns, highlighting their potential as candidates for further exploration in the development of antimalarial agents.
- ItemSpatio Temporal Land Use Land Cover Change Mapping of Malete Elemere: Implication on Development Planning of Emerging Communities(International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.4.65, 2019-07) Henry Sawyerr; Gabriel Salako; Oluwasogo Olalubi; Abdulrasheed Adio; Abel Adebayo; Biola Badmos; Umar Mohd Jambo; Grace AdepojuThe use of Ecosystem and Biodiversity mapping, land use land cover change detection has been advocated in preparation of developmental master plan in towns and cities. Noticeable changes have been observed within Malete Elemere community since the establishment of Kwara State University Malete, yet its spatial pattern and socio ecological implication have not been investigated. This work seek to determine and produce land cover land use change map of Malete Elemere over the last 10 years and post 15 year periods through change detection techniques so as to evaluate the impact of the establishment of Kwara State university on the settlement spatial development. Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) satellite images of 2005, 2010 and 2015 of the study area were acquired from USGS at spatial resolution of 30 m. Radiometric correction were applied to all the images using radiance modules in Idrisi32 with radiance spectral value set at DN 0 (Lmin) and 255 (Lmax). An unsupervised classification was carried out on the composite images of bands 4,3,2,1 for all the selected years to identify possible maximum spectral reflectance classes, this was followed by supervised classification using training sample from the field survey from which image to image spatio-temporal changes statistics were extracted. To generate a prediction of LULC changes for 2025, Cellular Automata-Markovian transition estimator (CA-Markov) in Idrisi32 was used. Various Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the performance of prediction with an average K statistics of above 0.83 recorded. The result shows that built up area gained an astronomical increase (180%) between 2005 and 2015 while forest lost significantly (34%) within the same periods, with most of the gains occurring in 2010 and 2015 after the establishment of KWASU. By 2025, two Major growth pole centres will emerge along Malete Elemere Axis and one minor in Jenkunu Omoni Axis which will exert a great stress on infrastructural facilities and may create a chaotic condition if left unattended to.
- ItemEVALUATION OF IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH REGULATIONS (IHR 2005) CORE CAPACITIES OF NIGERIAN PORT OF ENTRY IN COMBATING TRANS-BORDER SPREAD OF DISEASES(ProQuest, 2018-07) Shehu Usman Muhammad; Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Henry O SawyerrBackground: The increase in travel and trade globally and locally creates favorable conditions for emerging and re-emerging and spread of international infectious diseases across borders. In controlling this menace, International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) were adopted to prevent, protect, control and provide a public health response to trans-boundary diseases. There is urgent need to examine the core capacity and provisions of the regulations in tackling the issues over years. Objective: This study evaluates the strength and weaknesses of the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) Core Capacities across Nigerian Points of Entry in combating transborder diseases spread. Methods: A descriptive comparative cross-sectional study that employed qualitative and quantitative techniques. Two Hundred and Sixty-Eight (268) respondents were selected randomly across few Points of Entry (POEs) of Semen Land Border (SLB), Murtala Mohammed International Airport Lagos (MMIAL) Apapa Sea Port (ASP) and Nnamdi Azikwe International airport Abuja (NAIAA). Using simple random sampling, respondents were selected from the frontline port health workers, port security personnel and staff of Federal Ministry of Health headquarters and thereafter stratified quantitatively and qualitatively into (162) and (106) respectively. A semi-structure, paper-based, intervieweradministered questionnaire and Focus Group Discussions / Key Informant interviews were adopted to draw relevant information on core capacities among such includes human resources / staffing at POEs, risk communication, policy and legislation, coordination core capacity, surveillance and response to Public Health Event of International Concern (PHEIC), containment and Public Health threats/ Emergency Preparedness and training and building of capacity. Qualitative data were analyzed with thematic methods while quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (version 23) for descriptive and inferential statistics at p>0.05. Results: Generally, there was moderately low level of knowledge and understanding of the IHR across all POEs investigated and this follow the order MMIAL>NAIAA>ASP>SLB. It revealed that human resources / staffing at POEs was generally inadequate across all POEs. (SLB) being (55.0%), MMIAL (43.0%) and ASP (33.0%) respectively. Risk Communication within the POEs was adequate at SLB (50.0%), MMIAL (55.0%) and ASP (23.0%). Policy and Legislation within the POEs was adequate at SLB (55.0%), MMIAL (55.0%) and ASP (53.0%). Coordination of core capacity within the POEs was also adequate at SLB (22.0%), MMIAL (55.0%) and ASP (19.0%) respectively. There were weak and fragmented co-ordination at SLB and ASP. PREVIEW 16 | P a g e Responses to Public Health Event of International Concern (PHEIC) within the POEs were adequate at SLB (47.5%), MMIAL (44.0%) and ASP (22.0%). Surveillance of core capacity within the POEs was rated adequate at SLB (60.0%), MMIAL (33.0%) and ASP (26.5%). Containment and Public Health threats/ Emergency Preparedness within the POEs were rated adequate at SLB (60.0%), MMIAL (33.0%) and ASP (25.0%). There is neither ‘’no standard format on safety by IHR to access effectively level of environmental safety nor special training attended by any of the respondents as aiding or facilitating comprehension of the IHR policy/guideline. All the respondents agreed concerning the non-official designation of any of Nigerians POEs as WHO officially designated to implement the IHR 2005 policy/guideline. It was noted that core capacities in all the Points of Entry were inadequate. None of the core capacities at POEs has achieved the requirements stipulated in the IHR (2005) despite the selected POEs were the busiest and highest international traffic flow in Nigeria. Conclusion: The core capacities such as effective laboratory services, surveillance, emergency preparedness and response, and risk communication to respond to public health threats at POEs should be strengthened to combat trans-border diseases spread.
- ItemStrengthening integrated Zika virus epidemics and Aedes mosquito management and containment programs innovations in Africa(Journal of Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, 2016-10) Ernest Tambo; Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa; Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Jeanne Y Ngogang; Emad IM KhaterWith over 72 countries and territories affected worldwide with Aedes mosquito-transmitted Zika virus disease and estimated over millions of people are at high ZIKV risk including pregnant women in these Aedes mosquito prone settings. The recent epidemic events further stress the ever-increasing need and value of national public health evidence-based decision-making policy, budget allocation and programs in protecting vulnerable communities. This paper highlights Aedes vector ecological determinants and impacts mitigation and adaptation approaches in strengthening and in scaling-up integrated Aedes mosquito management programs and ZIKV epidemics prevention and containment measures across Aedes-prone African countries. We supported the view of WHO urgency to establish and strengthen effective and robust local/national public health laboratories surveillance, port of entries and intersectorial monitoring capabilities, scaling-up proven vector management programs and ZIKV preparedness-response activities. This paper provides the prerequisite in scaling up integrated cost-effective Aedes vectors community awareness and empowerment in risk alertness and communication strategies, and Zika virus population-based detection, diagnosis and reporting systems in guiding evidence-based epidemiologic, clinical and environmental programs implementation innovations at all levels in vulnerable countries such as Africa. Moreover, improving shared responsibility and participation are vital. Furthermore, instituting robust, effective and sustainable local/national preparedness and emergency response systems capacity is crucial in existing and future arthropod-borne threats and disasters.
- ItemTriple-crises-induced food insecurity: systematic understanding and resilience building approaches in Africa(Science in One Health, 2023-10-29) Ernest Tambo; Chen-Sheng Zhang; Gildas B. Tazemda; Bertin Fankep; Ngo T. Tappa; Cremona F Bette Bkamko; Laura M. Tsague; Daniella Tchemembe; Elodie F. Ngazoue; Kennedy K. Korie; Marie Paule N. Djobet; Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Omer N. NjajouThe triple crises of the COVID-19 pandemic, conflict and climate change have severely impacted food systems, leading to socio-economic consequences and undermining food and nutrition security across Africa. To address the malnutrition and poverty affecting approximately 700 million people in Africa, there is potential for the One Health approach implementation and operationalization to bring together multidisciplinary solutions for tackling food insecurity and ensuring food safety net. However, there is limited documentation on the potential of the One Health approach system thinking implementation to guide responses to triple crises-induced food insecurity. Therefore, this article aims to systematically understand the triple crises-induced food insecurity, connect existing solutions, and explore the role of the One Health approach in strengthening food and agriculture systems in Africa. Our finding showed the impact of triple crises exacerbating food system vulnerability in Africa and worldwide. Mitigating and resilient actions are urgently needed in tackling the emerging and persisting challenges, and in fectious diseases menace and burden across Africa. We present a conceptual model illustrating the complex nature of triple crises-induced food insecurity, vulnerability areas within the food system, and actionable strategies for building community food resilience. Additionally, recommendations are provided to create an enabling envi ronment that supports One Health approach implementation and addresses food insecurity challenges through innovative partnerships, local-led initiatives, and enhanced governance and artificial intelligence technology capacities in achieving sustainable and inclusive growth to reduce socio-economic inequalities. Stepping up integrated, actionable, and sustainable food systems programs and innovative long-lasting solutions requires investing in promoting new partnership and research collaboration in building conflict resolution and peace towards strengthening and reshaping local and global food security related climate change adaptations ac tions for most vulnerable communities’ benefits. These are ingredients in fastening preparedness, prevention and control of infectious diseases prevention and control, reducing food supply chains disruption towards accelerating equitable benefits of Universal Health Coverage and Sustainable Development Goals, 2030 across Africa.