Promoting Larval Source Management as a Vital Supplemental Addendum and More Likely Cost-Effective Approach for Malaria Vector Control in Nigeria
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Date
2016
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
iMedPub Journals http://www.imedpub.com/
Abstract
Abstract
Malaria is an important cause of morbidity and mortality
in people living in many parts of the world, especially Sub Saharan Africa and ƉĂrƟcƵůĂrůy Nigeria. Nigeria has a
vision to become malaria-free with a mission to liberate
the populace from the scourge of malaria-driven
morbidity, mortality and impoverishment through
ĞīĞcƟvĞ leadership, integrated health system
strengthening and intersectoral cŽŽrĚŝnĂƟŽn͘ Larval
source management (LSM) refers to the targeted
management of mosquito breeding sites, with the
ŽbũĞcƟvĞ to reduce the number of mosquito larvae and
pupae in the environment. However, very ůŝƩůĞ or no
ĂƩĞnƟŽn has been given to this very important malaria
vector control ŝnƚĞrvĞnƟŽn especially in Nigeria. The WHO
ƉŽƐŝƟŽn statement stated that for ĞīĞcƟvĞnĞƐƐ͕
larviciding must be specially adapted to each locality, and
must be carried out thoroughly and ƐĞůĞcƟvĞůy͕ and
should be considered for malaria control with or without
other ŝnƚĞrvĞnƟŽnƐ only in areas where the breeding sites
are few, ĮxĞĚ and ĮnĚĂbůĞ͘ The NĂƟŽnĂů Malaria
ůŝmŝnĂƟŽn Programme in cŽůůĂbŽrĂƟŽn with its
ŝmƉůĞmĞnƟnŐ partners have carried out series of ĮĞůĚ
ĞĸcĂcy trials of ĚŝīĞrĞnƚ strains of larvicides to ascertain
the ĞīĞcƟvĞnĞƐƐ of the ŝnƚĞrvĞnƟŽn as well as its feasible
cĂƉĂbŝůŝƟĞƐ to reduce the malaria vector ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽn
density and has given a node for the ƉrŽŐrĂmmĂƟc
deployment of the ŝnƚĞrvĞnƟŽn͘ In the early ƚwĞnƟĞƚŚ
century larviciding and environmental management were
the only tools available to contain malaria. Historical
literature and more recent reviews of this approach show
that ĂnƟͲůĂrvĂů mosquito control measures were powerful
tools against malaria. One of the key challenges for
cŽnvĞnƟŽnĂů and microbial larvicides used for malaria
control in Africa is the short residual period of control.
However, LSM is a well-established strategy, it is a tool
ready for use without any further research required. If the
current dream of malaria ĞůŝmŝnĂƟŽn is to be realized,
LSM in cŽmbŝnĂƟŽn with >ŽnŐͲ>ĂƐƟnŐ /nƐĞcƟcŝĚĞ Treated
BedNets (LLITNs) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) remains the ƉrĂcƟcĂbůĞ fast train that will take us to our
ĚĞƐƟnĂƟŽn of becoming a malaria-free country.
Keywords
Larval source management; NĂƟŽnĂů malaria ĞůŝmŝnĂƟŽn
programme; World Health KrŐĂnŝnjĂƟŽn͖ Breeding sites;
Larvicides