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- ItemEvaluating the quantity of sewage disposal for biogas production in University of Maiduguri students hostels, Nigeria(2025) Abubakar Sadiq Imam; Abdulbaqi Toyin Abdulrahim; Mohammed Ben Oumarou; Ibrahim SalihuThe price rise of fuels has stimulated a trend towards the use of alternative energy sources like biomass, solar, wind, geothermal, etc. Global energy crisis has generated interest in the use of human and animal waste which is a biomass source, as a substitute to fossil fuel for biogas generation. There is now a consensus in Nigeria, that renewable energy can play a significant role in the overall energy development of the nation. This study presents the quantity of sewage generated and deposited at the University of Maiduguri for biogas production. The sewage deposit is situated behind the works department of the university. This waste is channel to the deposit site from the student hostels of the University by a well designed sewage system. The total number of persons on the sewage system of the University of Maiduguri is obtained from the Student Affairs Division of the University as the sewage system connects only the students hostels but the actual number of students that used the hostel toilets and the quantity of water used in the toilets are obtained using a questionnaire. The data obtained in this study were recorded, analyzed and presented using Microsoft Excel application. The results of the study revealed that this sewage line serving 8272 students from the hostels generated a total quantity of 235870.38L (235.87m3) sewage per day which has pH value between 6.864 and 6.75. The study confirmed that sewage generated at University of Maiduguri has the potential to be used as resource to produce biogas which is sustainable, safer and cheaper. Use of the sewage for biogas production will also serve as a waste management source for the University.
- ItemCombustion Characteristics of Biomass Briquettes from Bambara Groundnut Shell and Chrysophyllum albidum Seed as Alternative Fuel Sources(Adeleke University, 2025-06-21) Ayodeji Sulaiman Olawore, Kamoru Olufemi Oladosu, Taofiq Omoniyi Amoloye, Wasiu Ayinde Issadue to their renewable nature and relatively low environmental impact. Traditional fuels, such as charcoal, are widely used in Nigeria, particularly in rural areas. However, the environmental degradation associated with charcoal production and its limited sustainability pose challenges for long-term energy security. This study aimed to assess the combustion characteristics of briquettes made from Bambara groundnut shell (BGS) and Chrysophyllum Albidum seed (CAS), with starch gel as a binder at different proportions using the D-optimal design. The combustion characteristics of the briquette were investigated using ignition time, fuel burning rate, specific fuel combustion, water boiling time, and proximate and ultimate analyses. The optimal briquette, formulated with a 38:42:20 ratio of BGS, CAS, and starch gel respectively, exhibited superior quality at a compaction time of 121 seconds. The optimal briquette had the lowest ash yield (11%) and a higher compressive strength (0.07 MPa) among the briquettes produced from different proportions obtained from D-optimal design. The higher heating value of the optimal briquette was 16.85 MJ/kg when compared with 18.90 MJ/kg of charcoal. Additionally, its specific fuel consumption (SFC) was 20,000 kg/m³, significantly higher than charcoal (12,500 kg/m³). The high volatile matter content (80.02 ± 0.2%) for the optimal briquette facilitates easy ignition and efficient combustion. The briquette is suitable for household cooking and small-scale industrial applications. The use of BGS, CAS, and cassava starch gel offers a sustainable biofuel alternative, reducing reliance on traditional wood fuels and mitigating deforestation.
- ItemSmall Scale Biochar Production Technologies: A Review(Scholarlink Research Institute, 2010-12-01) Odesola, Isaac F.; Owoseni, Tunji AdetayoThis paper is set to review the available small scale biochar production technologies. Biochar production technologies are a few of the green technologies that seek to rid the environment of green house gases (GHG). The products of this technology are biochar and biofuels (oil and syngas). Variant methods of this small scale production are known. The use of single (metal) container to two barrels is common, while some units are built of ceramic materials like fired brick. However, there is no published work stating the production of biochar in Nigeria, as at the time of this compilation.
- ItemDevelopment of local technology for a small-scale biochar production process from agricultural wastes(Scholarlink Research Institute, 2010-12-01) Odesola, Isaac F.; Owoseni Tunji AdetayoA charcoal fired reactor for small-scale production of biochar was successfully designed, fabricated and tested. The method of biochar production offered by this equipment was evaluated by comparing its output with a single barrel method of production. The results obtained during the test indicated that the efficiency of the equipment based on its output per kg of Cocoa pod husk was 79.9%. It has the capacity to produce 18.3 kg of Biochar from Cocoa Husk per day using 1 bag of local Charcoal. Cocoa pod Husk can be effectively used as raw material for Biochar production. The Specific Heat Capacity of Cocoa pod Husk was obtained as 3.8 kJ/kg K using the Choi and Okos model. The equipment can be afforded by small scale farmers at production cost of -24, 600.00. This machine can be easily used and maintained without any formal training. The reactor is therefore appropriate for use by subsistent farmers, and households for producing biochar on a small scale.
- ItemCorrugated Laterite Based Ceramic Roof Tile Stabilized with Cement(IJET Publications-UK, 2014) Kolawole, F.O.; Adeniji, S. A.; Adeyinka, T. I.; Owoseni, Tunji Adetayo; Ngasoh, O. F.; Soboyejo, W. O.The use of laterite based material as ceramic roof tile contributes to the innovation and application of local materials within our immediate environment. In this study the aim is to design and produce corrugated laterite based roof tile and investigate its water absorption and penetration. Paste of laterite-cement mix was formed with water to cement ratio of 3:1. The percentage composition of the cement used was 15% and 20%. The paste was poured into a wooden frame (dimension of 200mm x 300mm x 20mm) with an underlying corrugated metal sheet, while another corrugated metal sheet was placed on the paste to ensure formation of the corrugated shape on both sides. Water analysis carried out on the cast samples showed that the sample with 20% cement composition had a better resistance to water absorption and penetration. The result of this study indicates that the formation of corrugated roofing tile using laterite material is feasible and it is possible to have good water resistant property if fully optimized.