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    Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recovery and Recycling
    (Research | Reviews | Publications, 2012-10) Mohammed B OUMAROU; Mohammed DAUDA; Abdulbaqi T ABDULRAHIM; Alhaji B ABUBAKAR
    The paper presents a case study focused on waste generation, material recovery, and the recycling potential of municipal solid waste in Maiduguri, Nigeria. The municipal solid waste (MSW) generation was estimated using a fuzzy logic based mathematical model followed by a collection scenario thought of, adopted and tested within two planned residential areas; the University of Maiduguri campus and the 202, 303 housing estates of the Maiduguri metropolis. Data obtained were analyzed using simple statistical methods. The mathematical model predicted 255 tonnes of MSW against 226.63 tonnes by collection estimates. An important amount of recyclable materials was found to be generated within the study area. Incurred fuels expenses on the trucks alone, do exceed the monthly wages of 400 waste collectors. MSW collection, material recovery and recycling are alternatives to fight poverty, and contribute immensely towards social re-insertion of marginalized people. Further research is needed on the waste production equation for estimates of waste generation in not well planned areas.
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    Design analysis of solar bi-focal collectors
    (2012-02-02) Abdulrahim A; Diso I. S; Abdulraheem A. S
    This study carried out the design analysis of solar bi-focal collectors with the basic units comprising the paraboloid concentrators, receivers and support/connectors. The design of the receivers is such that it works on thermo-siphon principle while the heat energy requirement for each receiver is 650 kJ. Solar energy required to provide the needed power input in the collector’s receiver is amounted to 0.967 kJ/s. The results of the analysis revealed that each collector has diameter of the receiver of 0.3 m, aperture diameter of 1.4 m and internal surface area of 1.53 m2. The materials and dimensions of parts were selected based on the design specifications. The design analysis will serves as basis for the development of a solar tracking bi-focal collector system for possible steam generation.
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    Modelling and Simulation of Low Calorific Value Municipal Solid Waste Incineration
    (Research | Reviews | Publications,, 2012-09) Mohammed B OUMAROU; Abdulbaqi T ABDULRAHIM; Mohammed DAUDA
    The paper focused on the mathematical modelling and simulation of low calorific value municipal solid waste incineration in semiarid region. Municipal solid wastes were collected and analysed; from which wood samples were taken and incinerated using a prototype incinerator. A mathematical model, based on Fourier series (FS) and finite elements method (FEM) was developed, ran and validated using experimental and literature data. Critical minimum volume of 4.93 m3 or about 6 % of the total volume of the incinerator would be needed at 20% moisture content refuse and a critical maximum volume of 51.10 m3 or 69.21% of the total volume, would be needed at 50% moisture content. The ignition time and the time at which the combustion becomes self-sustaining are greatly influenced by the moisture content. Critical drying temperature was found to be 711.44 K. The grid size had little or no effect on the simulated results. The developed model can accurately predict the critical sizes and performance of the actual plant even at its virtual stage. There is need to optimize the critical drying temperature and mathematical model /physical model correlation which would help improve the efficiency of the process and better understand the drying mechanism involved.
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    Characterization and Generation of Municipal Solid Waste in North Central Nigeria
    (International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), 2012-10) M. B. Oumarou; M. Dauda; A. T. Abdulrahim; A. B. Abubakar
    The study focused on the characterization and generation of municipal solid waste in the north central part of Nigeria. Daily samples were collected and interpreted using Microsoft Excel for quantification purposes while the characterization samples were collected during the months of February, March and April and during the raining season in August. The refuse physical characteristics were then evaluated by sifting through the waste and separate it into its various physical major components. They were analyzed for proximate and ultimate composition using ASTM standards. Average moisture contents were found to vary from 26.743 to 32.593. Wood, paper, plastic and leaves were found in varying proportions and an average waste generation of 1. 23 kg per person per day was found. Energy recovery is possible with an addition of supplementary fuel as sugar cane straw, weeds. The knowledge of the refuse CV alone is not enough to conclude whether the refuse will burn or not. Its moisture content is also an essential parameter.
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    Development and performance evaluation of impact bambara groundnut sheller
    (Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2007-09-01) F.A. Oluwole; A.T. Abdulrahim; M.B. Oumarou
    A centrifugal bambara groundnut sheller was designed, constructed and evaluated. The sheller consists of a feed hopper with a flow rate control device, shelling unit, separating unit and power system. Nine different impellers were used for the investigation at three different pod moisture contents. Results of the performance tests were examined using a 3x3x3 factorial design with moisture content, impeller slot angulations and number of impeller slots as variables. Results showed that moisture content, impeller slot angulations, number of impeller slots and interaction between these variables statistically affected the per formance indicators (shelling efficiency, percentage of breakage, percentage of partially shelled pods, percentage of unshelled pods and winnowing efficiency) at the significance level of 5%. The forward facing impeller with eight slots gave the best performance of 96% shelling efficiency, 3.4% breakage, 0.6% partially shelled pods. No unshelled pods were recorded, and winnowing efficiency of 97.3% was recorded at an average feed rate of 215.8 kg h-1