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2D Flow around a Rectangular Cylinder: A Computational Study
(AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology, 2013-01-01) A.S., Olawore; I.F., Odesola
The unsteady flow around a rectangular cylinder is an area of great research for scientist for several years. A two-dimensional unsteady flow past a rectangular cylinder has been investigated numerically for the low Reynolds numbers (flow is laminar). Gambit has been used throughout this work to generate the geometry and meshes and the computational fluid dynamics analysis is done using fluent software. The influence of vortical structure and pressure distribution around the section of rectangular cylinders are examined and reported. The integral aerodynamic parameters are also reported. Strouhal numbers for Reynolds numbers of 55, 75, 100, 150, 250 and 400 are 0.102, 0.122, 0.129, 0.136, 0.139 and 0.158 respectively. The magnitudes of the coefficient of drag for the Reynolds numbers are 1.565, 1.524, 1.432, 1.423, 1.526 and 1.545. The lift coefficient for flow around a rectangular cylinder with a chord-to-depth ratio equal to 5 of low Reynolds numbers of 55, 75, 100, 150, 250 and 400 are 0.067, 0.101, 0.157, 0.212, 0.404 and 0.537 respectively. The pressure drags obtained in the simulations at zero angle of incidence are 1.446, 1.455, 1.439, 1.412, 1.579 and 1.602 for Reynolds numbers 55, 75, 100, 150, 225, and 250. The velocity across the rectangular cylinders varies from 0.089 to 1.02m/s. The forces caused by vortex shedding phenomenon must be taken into account when designing buildings for safe, effective and economical engineering designs.
3D Flow around a Rectangular Cylinder: a review
(AFRREV STECH, Vol. 1 (2) April-July, 2012, 2012-04-01) Odesola, Isaac F.; Olawore, Ayodeji
Turbulent flows around three-dimensional obstacles are common in nature and occur in many applications including flow around tall buildings, vehicles and computer chips. Understanding and predicting the properties of these flows are necessary for safe, effective and economical engineering designs. This paper presents the review of 3D flow around a rectangular cylinder using large eddy simulation as the turbulence model and the computational study is developed in the frame of the Benchmark on the Aerodynamics of a Rectangular Cylinder (BARC). Different simulations around bluff bodies were reviewed and the results obtained through different methodologies are presented. The effect of change by vortex shedding on the magnitude of fluid forces of rectangular cylinders are examined and reported. The aerodynamic integral parameters obtained from different papers are compared.
A BRIEF REVIEW OF CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS OF SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS IN ENGINEERING AND RELATED FIELDS
(International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), 2021-09) Issa, W. A.; Camur, H.; Savas, M.
Shape Memory Alloys shortened as SMA’s are examples of smart materials. They sense and respond to changes in environmental conditions or stimuli, such as chemical, electrical, mechanical among others. This review, discusses the concept of SMA’s, including their engineering effects and innovations in SMA’s research. Similarly, the uses and applications of SMA’s in engineering and related fields such aerospace, biomedical, chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering are reviewed briefly including the merits and demerits of using SMA’s
A GIS – based method for assessment and mapping of noise pollution in Ota metropolis, Nigeria
(Method Article, 2019) S.O. Oyedepo; G.A. Adeyemi; O.C. Olawole; O.I. Ohijeagbon; O.K. Fagbem; R. Solomon; S.O. Ongbali; O.P. Babalola; J.O. Dirisua; U.K. Efemwenkiekie; T. Adekeye; C.N. Nwaokocha
A review of solar air heater for drying of agricultural products
(Advanced Materials Research, 2014-02-27) Kareem, M.W.
Bulk of farm products need to be preserved because of their perishable nature. The cheapest and environmental friendly means is indirect usage of solar irradiance to reduce the moisture content of these products to a level that cannot sustain the activities of micro-organisms. The research on solar collector has gained its popularity over the years due to man’s quest for green energy which has led to increase in demand for the utilization of solar energy. Harnessing of solar energy by man for drying purposes was predominantly by direct method which reduces the quality and quantity of the dried products. This work presents the most recent contributions on solar air heater of flat plate absorber category. Various models, material of component parts and performance efficiency of these air heaters were discussed and there is need for collector optimization. The study was concluded with a focus on multiple pass approach of solar harvesting.
A Review on MHD Mixed Convection with Nanofluids in Regular and Irregular Geometries
(Journal of Thermal Energy Systems, 2023) Adekeye T; Okekunle P. O; Adegun I. K
A Study on Energy Demand and Consumption in Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
(Covenant University, 2015) Oyedepo, S. 0; Adekeye T; Lerarno, R.O; Kilanko, 0; Babalola, O.P; Balogun A. 0; Akhibi M. 0
An Empirical Model for Forecasting Technology Commercialization Performance of Software Products in Universities Using Genetic Programming
(Emerald, 2025-05-15) Ayodeji Sulaiman Olawore, Kuan Yew Wong, Azanizawati Ma’aram, Wahyudi Sutopo
Purpose - This research aimed to develop a predictive model using genetic programming (GP) to assess the technology commercialization performance (TCP) of software products in university settings. Methodology – The prediction model was developed using historical technology commercialization data from Nigerian university commercialization centers through the application of GP. Comparative analyses were conducted to assess the results of the GP model against Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machine models. Evaluation metrics such as relative root mean squared error, root mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and coefficient of determination were employed to gauge the accuracy of the models. Findings - The GP model exhibited a coefficient of determination of 0.9854 and 0.9564 for the training and testing data, respectively. The comparison of the models using the evaluation metrics demonstrated that the GP model is superior in its accuracy for forecasting the TCP of software products in university commercialization centers. Originality - This research has developed a new mathematical equation that depicts the relationship between TCP and its influential factors. This aspect has not been explored in previous research. Professionals can use the GP model to strategically allocate resources and improve the commercialization of software products.
An empiricalmodel for forecasting technology commercialization performance of software products in universities using genetic programming
(Emerald, 2025-05-20) Ayodeji Sulaiman Olawore, Kuan Yew Wong, Azanizawati Ma’aram, Wahyudi Sutopo
Purpose – This study aims to develop a predictive model using genetic programming (GP) to assess the technology commercialization performance (TCP) of software products in university settings. Design/methodology/approach – The prediction model was developed using historical technology commercialization data from Nigerian university commercialization centers through the application of GP. Comparative analyses were conducted to assess the results of the GP model against artificial neural network and support vector machine models. Evaluation metrics such as relative root mean squared error, root mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error and coefficient of determination were used to gauge the accuracy of the models. Findings – The GP model exhibited a coefficient of determination of 0.9854 and 0.9564 for the training and testing data, respectively. The comparison of the models using the evaluation metrics demonstrated that the GP model is superior in its accuracy for forecasting the TCP of software products in university commercialization centers. Originality/value – This research has developed a new mathematical equation that depicts the relationship between TCP and its influential factors. This aspect has not been explored in previous research. Professionals can use the GP model to strategically allocate resources and improve the commercialization of software products.
Analysis of Two Dimensional Heat Transfer Problem Using Spreadsheet Approach
(Energy Technology and Management conference, 2012) A.A Oladosu; I.F Odesola; A.S Olawore
The storage of thermal energy in the form of sensible and latent heat has become an important aspect of energy management with the emphasis on efficient use and conservation of the waste heat and solar energy in industry and buildings. Heat storage materials absorb heat through standard heat transfer mechanisms, e.g., radiation, conduction, and convection. The need for developing software for solving these problems become imperative because it has necessary functions for solving a large class of engineering problems. The aim of this project is to demonstrate how Spreadsheet can be used for solving heat transfer problems in an arbitrary geometry. Survey was carried out on various geometries. An example considered was a chimney. The symmetry of the geometry was considered. Energy balances were obtained and finite difference formulations were made. Finite difference equations for various nodes were determined. Spreadsheet was set up for the problem. Various temperature distributions were obtained. Temperatures are highest at the inner wall (but less than 300oC) and the lowest at the outer wall (but more than 260 k), as expected. The average temperature at the outer surface of the chimney was 352.65k. The rate of heat loss through the 1m long section of the chimney was determined both manually and numerically.
Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for the optimization of energy generation from Jebba hydro-power plant, Nigeria
(2020-08-16) A.O. Onokwai, H.I. Owamah, M.O.Ibiwoye, G.C. Ayuba and O.A. Olayemi
This research was performed to optimize the performance characteristics of the Nigerian Jebba Hydropower Plant in order to enhance its generation of electricity. Pertinent hydropower data were hourly collected from the plant from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm between 2016 and 2018. The coefficient of determination obtained from the response surface methodology (RSM) showed that discharge, pressure drop, stator temperature and water pressure strongly influenced the generation of estimated power. Also, the contour and surface plots suggested that the discharge (D) 8200.00–8600.00 m3/s and pressure drop (Pd) ranging from 27.50–28.50 m gave the optimal power generation indicating that both factors must be kept high when the hydropower plant is in operation. The instability of power generation was attributed to the reduction in the net available head as turbine inlet decreased. The study, therefore, showed that net power output, speed of the turbine, and efficiency of the hydropower plant could be optimized with increase discharge and gross head. Predicted optimal values for discharge, pressure drop, stator temperature, and water pressure were 8783.3667 m3, 28.59 m, 58.00°C, and 31.00 N/m2 respectively.
Assessment of Energy Saving Potentials in Covenant University, Nigeria
(Energy Engineering, 2016) Oyedepo, S.O; Adekeye, T; Leramo, R.O; Kilanko, O; Babalola, O.P; Balogun, A.O; Akhibi, M.O
Bioconvection analysis for convectively heated radiative flow of Sutterby fluid involving efficacy of ferromagnetic nanoparticles
(Elsevier, 2024-08-16) Muhammad Tabrez; Amjad Ali Pasha; Waqar Azeem Khan; Iftikhar Hussain; Salem Algarni; Talal Alqahtani; Kareem, M.W.; Mehboob Ali
In this article explained about the study 2-D Sutterby fluid model with suspension of microorganisms in ferrofluid, while radiation aspect is also considered here. Basic purpose of using microorganism is to obtain more stability in suspension. Here the important characteristics of thermophoresis parameter, viscous dissipation, magnetic interaction parameter and Brownian motion parameter are examined. Now, the system of non-linear P. D.Es is changed into set of O.D.Es then we solved these equations by using famous mathematical scheme bvp4c. Graphical results showed that temperature of Sutterby ferrofluid intensifies with increase in the estimations of thermal Biot number as well as radiation effects whereas results in reduction of Prandtl number. The density of microorganism reduces for greater values of Peclet number.
Biodegradable zinc alloys and Composites for Biomedical Application: an overview of Processing Routes and Possible future work.
(Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering "Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Romani, 2020-12-23) Kolawole, M. Y, Aweda J. O., Abdulkareem S. and Bello S.A.,
Biodegradable metallic implants are revolutionized alternative materials currently being considered for orthopaedic and stents applications for the restoration and remodeling of defected or fractured hard tissues. Examples of biodegradable metals include magnesium, iron and zinc. Findings had revealed that magnesium and iron show high tendencies of being used as biodegradable metallic implant. However, premature loss of mechanical integrity, high hydrogen gas evolution of magnesium metal as well as slow degradation rate of iron below the clinical benchmark had hindered their applications. On the other hand, Zinc metal with near to ideal degradation rate suitable for orthopaedic application but poor mechanical properties compared to magnesium and iron metals has recently attracted research interest as potential candidate salvager of biodegradable metallic implants. This paper therefore, presents brief review of the current research progress on biodegradable zinc alloys and composites in relation to their processing routes for biomedical application. In addition, key existing and emerging strategies for mechanical properties improvement are highlighted. Processing technique, types and or proportion of alloying elements had been identified as center-hub control for improving mechanical properties of zinc metals. Deductions were made and strategies for further research work on biodegradable zinc alloys were suggested.
Bioenergy technology development in Nigeria – pathway to sustainable energy development
(Int. J. Environment and Sustainable Development, 2019) Sunday O. Oyedepo; Israel S. Dunmade; Tunde Adekeye; Ahme A. Attabo; Olukunle C. Olawole; Philip O. Babalola; Joseph A. Oyebanji
In Nigeria, high and outrageous energy cost constitutes a serious challenge to all aspects of the economy. And this has been a subject of concern in the country over a period of time. A dependable and renewable energy source is of utmost desire to strengthen the nation’s economy and this urgent need cannot be overlooked. As a result of the erratic and expensive power supply to the national grid, it has become ultimately necessary to search for other inexpensive sources of energy to meet the ever increasing energy needs for rural and urban dwellers. In view of the above energy situation in Nigeria, this paper aimed at carrying out a comprehensive review on bioenergy technology option as a pathway to achieving sustainable energy development in the country. The potential, current progressive stages, and prospects of bioenergy conversion techniques, in the Nigeria context, are discussed. The barriers to bioenergy technology development in Nigeria with possible solutions are also presented.
Bioinspired Design
(Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2015-12-31) Owoseni, Tunji Adetayo; Olukole, S. G.; Gadu, A. I.; Malik, I. A.; Soboyejo, W. O.
Bioinspired design involves the use of concepts observed in natural biological materials in engineering design. The hope is that the leveraging of biological materials in the engineering domain can lead to many technological innovations and novel products. This work presents the initial material characterization of kinixys erosa tortoise shell using a combination of x-ray diffraction, optical/scanning electron microscopy and micro-mechanical testing. The results were used in the analytical/computational modelling of shell structures. The potential implications or the results were then discussed to give fundamental understanding of deformation and stress responses of shell structures
Biphenyl monolayer construction with single transition metal doping as electrocatalysts for conversion CO2 to fuel
(Elsevier, 2024-08-14) Rahadian Zainul; Ali B.M. Ali; Dheyaa J. Jasim; Alaa Dhari Jawad Al- Bayati; Irwanjot Kaur; Abhishek Kumar; Ibrahim Mahariq; Mohd Abul Hasan; Saiful Islam; Kareem, M.W.
Developing sophisticated electrocatalysts is crucial in capturing chemically unreactive CO2 and transforming it into valuable products like fuel. This is essential for effectively tackling the issues of energy crisis and greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining considerable sustainability standards. Nevertheless, effectively managing the selectivity of products while maintaining a small overpotential remains a challenging task. Present work utilized density functional theory (DFT) for studying electrocatalytic potential of various single transition metals (TMs), such as cobalt, iron, and manganese, in process of carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Effectiveness of CO2RR was evaluated for each TM by analyzing their interaction with reaction intermediates (CHO, CO, and COOH) when incorporated into biphenyl monolayer (BPM) systems. Based on the analysis of ΔE values and barriers, it was determined that incorporating Fe into the biphenyl monolayer system is the most efficacious approach for the CO2RR to generate methane. This configuration achieves an exceptionally low overpotential potential (UL) of 􀀀 0.36 V. In hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), it was observed that CO2 exhibits a higher affinity for occupying the activation site on Fe-BPM compared to H2. This difference in adsorption energy (Ead) (􀀀 0.94 eV for CO2 vs. 􀀀 0.43 eV for H2) highlights their distinct behaviors. Additionally, Fe-BPM effectively suppresses the HER during the CO2RR process, as indicated by the HER’s UL of 􀀀 0.43 V. Findings of present study are anticipated to provide a novel direction in the advancement of electrocatalysts with low potential, while simultaneously exhibiting remarkable selectivity and activity for CO2RR.
Characteristics of Al-Alloy/Seashell (SESB) Composites in Acidic and Alkaline Environments
(Covenant Journal of Engineering Technology, 2020-06-28) [3] Abdulkareem, S., Aweda, J. O., Kolawole, M. Y., Ibitoye, S. E., Akintunde, T. S., & Mohammed, M. O.
The corrosion behaviour of Al-alloy/Seashell (SeSh) composites in the acidic and alkaline environment was investigated in this study. Fifteen Aluminum alloy composites samples were produced usingstir casting technology by varying the amount of reinforcement (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5 wt%) and particle size (100, 150, 200 μm) of milled SeShin the Aluminium alloy matrix. The corrosion rate was determined using a weight loss technique after 18 days of immersion at an interval of 72 hours. It was observed that 6.0 wt% of the 100 μm reinforced Aluminium alloy had the best corrosion resistance in acidic and alkaline environments. In general, the reinforced Al-alloy had better corrosion resistance when compared with the unreinforced samples. Analyses of the results show that aluminum alloy seashell composites exhibited better resistance to corrosion in the alkaline environment than the acidic environment
Combustion Characteristics of Biomass Briquettes from Bambara Groundnut Shell and Chrysophyllum albidum Seed as Alternative Fuel Sources
(Adeleke University, 2025-06-21) Ayodeji Sulaiman Olawore, Kamoru Olufemi Oladosu, Taofiq Omoniyi Amoloye, Wasiu Ayinde Issa
due to their renewable nature and relatively low environmental impact. Traditional fuels, such as charcoal, are widely used in Nigeria, particularly in rural areas. However, the environmental degradation associated with charcoal production and its limited sustainability pose challenges for long-term energy security. This study aimed to assess the combustion characteristics of briquettes made from Bambara groundnut shell (BGS) and Chrysophyllum Albidum seed (CAS), with starch gel as a binder at different proportions using the D-optimal design. The combustion characteristics of the briquette were investigated using ignition time, fuel burning rate, specific fuel combustion, water boiling time, and proximate and ultimate analyses. The optimal briquette, formulated with a 38:42:20 ratio of BGS, CAS, and starch gel respectively, exhibited superior quality at a compaction time of 121 seconds. The optimal briquette had the lowest ash yield (11%) and a higher compressive strength (0.07 MPa) among the briquettes produced from different proportions obtained from D-optimal design. The higher heating value of the optimal briquette was 16.85 MJ/kg when compared with 18.90 MJ/kg of charcoal. Additionally, its specific fuel consumption (SFC) was 20,000 kg/m³, significantly higher than charcoal (12,500 kg/m³). The high volatile matter content (80.02 ± 0.2%) for the optimal briquette facilitates easy ignition and efficient combustion. The briquette is suitable for household cooking and small-scale industrial applications. The use of BGS, CAS, and cassava starch gel offers a sustainable biofuel alternative, reducing reliance on traditional wood fuels and mitigating deforestation.
Combustion characteristics of Torrefied corncob and African birch wood residues at higher heating rate
(2025) H.A. Ajimotokan; N.S. Saidu; M.A. Aladodo; K.O. Oladosu; O.D. Samuel; K.O. Abdulrahman; A. El-Suleiman; Y.S. Salihu; K.R. Ajao
The torrefaction of biomass generated from by-products of post-harvest agricultural activities such as corncob or woody residues from saw milling, pruning, and furniture production such as African birch wood, are renewable energy sources whose pyrolytic and combustion properties are crucial during process heating in various applications. This study investigated the combustion characteristics of corncob and African birch wood residues at a higher heating rate and their comparative energy qualities. Samples of corncob and African birch wood residues were collected, sorted, pulverised into particles, and torrefied independently. The raw and torrefied corncob and African birch wood particles were screened into 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 mm sizes, and their thermogravimetric, proximate, ultimate, heating values, and energy quality analyses were carried out. The torrefied biomass showed better pyrolytic and combustion characteristics relative to the raw samples. However, African birch wood residues appear to be better than corncob residues. The higher heating values (HHVs) ranged from 21.46 to 21.63 MJ/kg and 23.1 to 25.6 MJ/kg for the torrefied samples of corncob and African birch wood residues, respectively. The torrefied sample of African birch wood residues exhibited the highest HHV (25.6 MJ/kg), which compared favourably with the value from a low-rank coal, such as lignite or brown coal. Torrefied African birch wood residues, with their high HHV, can be densified to replace low-rank coal and firewood in a variety of applications.

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