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    Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic sorption of paranitroaniline on Cocos nucifera shell activated carbon@TiO2 composite
    (Vietnam J. Chem., 2024-10-14) Samsudeen Olanrewaju Azeez; Muhammed Hatim Garuba; Ismaila Olalekan Saheed; Akeem Adebayo Jimoh; Musa Alfanla Kamaldeen; Damilola Tope Ogundele
    A comparative study was conducted on the adsorption capacity of Cocos nucifera shell-activated carbon (CNSA) and Cocos nucifera shell-activated carbon@TiO2 composite (CNSA-TiO2) for para-nitroaniline in an aqueous medium. The CNSA was carbonized at 500 ◦C and activated with 1 M HNO3 while the CNSA-TiO2 composite was prepared by wet impregnation method. The prepared adsorbents were characterized through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The BET-surface area of CNSA-TiO2 (748.96 m2/g) was established to be larger than CNSA (574.21 m2/g), however both materials are mesoporous. The effects of initial p-NA concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature, were explored for both adsorbents. The results showed that the adsorption operating parameters influenced the adsorption process except for temperature, with maximum adsorption of 38.26 and 38.36 mg/g for CNSA and CNSA-TiO2, respectively. Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and DubininRadushkevich isotherms were tested on the adsorption data, and the adsorption process of both adsorbents followed the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 > 0.988). Among the kinetic models studied, the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 1) best described both processes. The thermodynamic parameters such as ∆G◦, ∆H◦ and ∆S ◦ were calculated. The process was exothermic, spontaneous and feasible.
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    Synthesis and characterization of CaO catalyst obtained from achatina achatina and its application in biodiesel production
    (Journal of Medicinal and Nanomaterials Chemistry, 2019-03-12) Oluwatobi O. Amusan; Hitler Louis; Adejoke T. Hamzat; Oluwatomisin F. Oyebanji; Ayodeji T. Alagbe; Thomas O. Magu
    In this research study, Achatina achatina shells was used as the source of raw material to produce calcium oxide which was used as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of varying temperatures on the calcium oxide formed using A. achatina during the calcination process for their possible use as a heterogeneous catalyst in the production of biodiesel. The shells were first grinded and then calcinated at different temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 1000 °C. After calcination, the CaCO3 present in the A. achatina shell was converted to calcium oxide. The obtained calcium oxide was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The asymmetric stretching of the CO32- (cm-1) absorption was not proportional with the increasing temperature as it was observed over the plane vibrational modes of CO32 (cm-1). Also, the O-H stretching band (cm-1) at 100 °C and 800 °C had similar absorption values. Pearson correlation revealed both negative and positive relationship between the absorption rate and the temperature, disclosed a significant difference at p<0.05. The calcined structure was examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with a magnification of 10,000X. A more stabilized, uniform structure, and agglomerate into lumps were observed at 800 °C and 1000 °C. The results showed that, the A. achatina shell is a suitable catalyst in the production of Biodiesel because it is readily available and has no adverse effect on the environment.
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    ANTIMICROBIAL STUDY OF SOME TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES OF RHODANINE AND SALICYLADIMINE
    (Asian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 2018-09-10) Oluwatobi Omotola Amusan; Hitler Louis; Oluwatomosin F. Oyebanji; Temitope Adejoke Hamzat; Thomas Odey Magu; Aderemi T adeleye
    In this study, complexes of copper and zinc with rhodanine and salicyladimine were examined for their antimicrobial properties against selected bacteria species. The complexes were also characterized using infra-red and ultra-violet spectroscopy for structural elucidation and determination of electronic transitions occurring between the ligands and their complexes. All the complexes showed varied inhibition on the growth of the test organisms at different minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0 – 25 mg/ml. The infra-red spectroscopy showed the presence of different functional groups like O-H stretching vibration at 3441cm-1, C- H bending at 833.28cm-1 and 750.33cm-1, C=C stretching vibration at 2360.95cm-1 in the salicyladimine ligand and N-H stretching vibration at 3448.84cm-1 in the complex formed with copper, whereas Rhodanine shows C=O at 1734cm-1 with copper acetate, 1708.99cm-1 with Zinc nitrate, C-H stretching at 3086.21cm-1, 3074.63cm-1 with copper and 3174.94cm-1 with zinc. The ultraviolet spectroscopy showed absorptions assigned to different geometry. The complex of salicylaldimine showed two bands around 26385 cm-1 and 42016 cm-1 which are assigned to square planar geometry. Rhodanine showed four bands around 48780 cm-1, 33898 cm-1, 39525 cm-1 corresponding to n→π* transition and 26809 cm-1 corresponding to n→σ* transition. Rhodanine complex with zinc nitrate showed two bands around 23925cm-1 and 22411cm-1 assigned to charge transfer. Rhodanine complexed with copper acetate showed two bands around 20283 cm-1 and 24096 cm-1 which are assigned to square planar geometry. From the analysis of variance, there is no significant difference (p-value= 0.05) in the antibacterial activity and the selected pathogen. Based on this study, we recommend that metal complexes should be used to restrict the growth of bacteria in place of Ligands
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    Determination of Cadmium Concentration in Eight Nigerian Food Samples from Some Selected Markets using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method
    (IJESPR, 2018-08-08) Hamzat Adejoke Temitope; Hitler Louis; A. T Aderemi; Pigweh I. Amos; Oluwatobi Omotola Amussan; Thomas Odey Magu; S. A Lawani
    This study investigates the presence of cadmium in eight Nigerian food samples from Oja Oba, Ojuwoye and Kuto markets in Kwara, Lagos and Ogun State respectively. The food samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometer. The results obtained revealed that cadmium was present in all the food samples that were analyzed at different concentration ranging from 0.001 ppm to 0.007 ppm. The results showed a permissive concentration of cadmium in the food samples as compared to FAO/WHO Expert Committee on food additives (EFSA, 2012) weekly limit of 2.5 μg/kg body weight. Since trace amount of cadmium is expected in almost all food samples due to natural conditions, it is necessary to pay close attention to cadmium contamination in food samples as continuous intake of food containing cadmium is dangerous to health
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    Adansonia digitata and Daniella oliveri seed oils and cosmeceutical products exhibited potent pharmacological and marginal toxicity on fibroblast cells
    (2025-04-01) O. Atolani; A.T. Kola-Mustapha; D.E. Tarigha; E.T. Areh; A.T. Hamzat; O.S. Adeyemi
    There is a growing demand for the use of seed oils in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, especially in skincare and hair care products. The aim of this study was to formulate organic cosmetic products from underutilized seed oils and evaluate their pharmacological and toxicity potentials. Human foreskin fibroblast cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the sample, while using staurosporine as positive control drug. Standard agar diffusion assays were utilized to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activities against a variety of organisms, such as Streptococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, S. typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatam, and Rhizopus stoloniler while the anti- inflammatory potential was evaluated using lipoxygenase inhibition assay. The ability of the seed oils and formulated cosmeceutical products to act as antioxidants were examined using complimentary DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. In addition, the anti-parasitic effect of seed oil against Toxoplasma gondii was established. The green organic medicated soaps and emollients, free of all synthetic antioxidants, preservatives, colourants, stabilizers, perfumes and antibiotics were produced. The oils and their value-added cosmetic products from the seed of A. digitata and D. oliveri yielded 29 % and 16 % product and exhibited suitable physicochemical parameters comparable to edible oils used for industrial purposes. While A. digitata oil showed the presence of 22 fatty acids with oleic acid (46.04 %) and palmitic acid (19.98 %) as most pre dominant with total unsaturation of 60.55 %, D. oliveri showed 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid (23.25 %) and pentadecanoic acid (21.13 %) as the most predominant with total unsaturation of 20.54 %. The presence of essential fatty acids coupled with significant antioxidants, antimicrobial and low in vitro cytotoxicity underscore the cosmeceutical prospects of the plants. Although the Emollient exhibited a slightly reduced level of inhibition towards the tested clinical pathogens with a minimum inhibitory concentration value ranging from 50 to 100 mg/mL, the products hold huge promise as purely organic formulations with significant level of antimicrobial activities