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A rapid reversed-phase thin layer chromatographic detection protocol for adulteration in some edible fats and oils food formulation
(Federal University of Technology, Minna, 2021-05-24) Mustapha A.O, Adepoju, R.A, Fadipe V.O
The problems of adulteration in the vegetable oil and fat have been the major draw backs in the food products formulation, in spite of the various adulteration detection methods in different applications that have been reported. However, the detection tools that can be fast and reliable for the routine analysis necessitated the current work. The two groups of three different samples: vegetable fat containing sample (Blue Band, Golden Penny, La Prairie Classic) and animal fat containing samples (Kell Salad Cream, Crosse & Blackwell and Nola) was used for the purity check using the reversed phased - thin layer chromatographic (RPTLC) method of analysis were developed. The average Rf ratio of 0.95 and 0.92, found for the vegetable and animal fat groups were reported, respectively. The Rf = 0.03 difference between the two groups indicated the presence of sistosterol (plant sterol) and cholesterol (animal sterol), an improvement over color detection methods to screen oils and fats to ascertain purity.
ACIDIC LEACHING OF IRON FROM KAOJE GOETHITE ORE BY HYDROCHLORIC ACID: KINETICS MODELLING
(Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 2020) K. I. Ayinla*, A. A. Baba, S. Girigisu, O. S. Bamigboye, B. C. Tripathy, A. S. Ibrahim and S. O. Azeez
Considering the recent focus of the Nigeria Government to grow and develop the nation’s economy through the solid minerals sector reform, this study has been devoted to the kinetics of a Nigerian goethite ore by hydrochloric acid leaching for improved iron and steel industries applications. This study was performed in three different phases. In the first phase, acidic leaching of iron from a goethite ore was examined and the influence of the operating variables including: HCl concentration, leaching temperature, stirring speed and particle sizes was examined experimentally. The optimum condition was found to be HCl concentration of 1.81M, temperature of 80°C, 200 rpm stirring speed and particle size 0.09 µm for iron in the range of investigated parameters. Under those conditions, the highest iron recovery was obtained to be 95.67 %. In the second phase, the dissolution kinetics of iron was evaluated by the shrinking core models. The finding reveals that diffusion through the fluid was the leaching kinetics rate-controlling step of the iron. The activation energy (Ea) was found to be 14.54 kJmol-1 for iron. Equation representing the leaching kinetic of iron was achieved to be 1−2/3α - (1 − x)2/3 = 0.7272 × e−38.29/8.314×T × t. The final stage of the experiment was carried out by characterizing the leached residues by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the result showed majorly the presence of rutile (TiO2), anglesite (PbSO4), and traces of iron-silicate face like pyrite (FeS), quartz (SiO2)
Aflatoxins - Occurrence, Detoxification, Determination and Health Risks
(2022-06-05) Abdulra’uf, Lukman Bola
Alternative method of reducing sugars determination in some selected fizzy drinks and fruits by chromic acid reagent
(Alternative method of reducing sugars determination in some selected fizzy drinks and fruits by chromic acid reagent, 2020-04-30) Mustapha, Aliru Olajide
Chromic acid reagent as an alternative colorimetric method for the quantitative determination of reducing sugars and ascorbic acid in some selected fizzy drinks: Seven Up, Limca, Mirinda, Cocoa-Cola, Fanta, Pepsi Cola, Maltina, Guinness Malt, Hi-Malt and Maltonic) and fruits: pineapple (Ananas cosmoses), sweet orange (Cimifi sinensis), grape fruit (Dints paradise) and tangerine (Citrus reticulate) has been studied. Chromic method involves sugar solution of about 1% concentration. treated with an equal volume of concentrated nitric acid and a few drops of a 5% solution of potassium dichromate was added, a blue colour develops in less than a minute in the cold and the absorbance taken in a Spectronic 20D Spectrophotometer at 560 um. Results obtained from the simple chromic acid as test method compares well with those obtained from the titrimetric methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2012) and Pearson (1991) as control, with negligible variations. Apart from being a very powerful oxidizing agent, its reaction with monosaccharide, disaccharides and ascorbic acid are less-time consuming, showed distinct colour development and its easy preparation, made chromic acid reagent a faster, better and suitable alternative method for the quantitative determination of reducing sugars and ascorbic acid in routine analyses of foods.
Amphetamines analysis in wastewaters – method performance of solid phase extraction-higher performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry techniques (SPE-HPLC MS/MS).
(Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors., 2011-08-19) Mustapha, A.O. and Usman L.A
Recently, many articles have reported different levels and distribution of amphetamine hither-to detected in biological fluids now appreciably found in aquatic environment at ng/L levels. Identification and measurement of amphetamine and its metabolites in surface and sewage waters using higher performance liquid chromatographic methodologies in the literatures now on current trend have provided information that are of scientific interest and effectively re-placed immunological methods which only suggest the presence of these substances. Active research on both distribution and impacts of this important drug of abuse and related metabo-lites in the wastewaters are on-going.
Analysis of some illicit drugs and abused pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewaters (effluents).
(Federal University of Technology, Lafia, 2019-06-20) Mustapha, Aliru Olajide
A study of myriads of chemical pollutants in aquatic environment was carried out from the effluent of Nottingham Sewage Treatment Works (STWs) in United Kingdom. Using a solid phase extraction - gas chromatography technique (SPE-GCMS), fifteen compounds detected in sampled STW effluents ranged between 1.1 - 33.5 ng L-1 with percentage recoveries of 78.6 – 97.8%. The most abundant compounds found in the final effluent were nicotine, ibuprofen, codeine, ephedrine, procaine, benzoylecgonine, lidocaine, and caffeine, with mean concentrations of 21.4 ± 6.4, 16.7± 4.8, 15.1 ± 6.3, 10.1 ± 3.9, 9.1 ± 3.4, 5.6 ± 3.1, 5.3 ± 5.2 and 5.2 ± 1.9 ng L-1, respectively. The instrumental limits of detection (LODs) from 0.1 – 1.7 ng L-1, with standard deviations (STDs) of 1.1– 21.4% for all the compounds were also observed. The levels of illicit drugs and abused pharmaceuticals detected from the effluents showed the occurrence of these drugs and the Nottingham STW as one of the main transport routes to the receiving environment. These findings have further shown that chemicals in effluent get to the environment due to their incomplete removal from the STW. Persistence influx of these pollutants into the aquatic environment may have implication on ecosystems.
Assessment of Cr, Cd and Pb Levels in Tobacco Leaves and Selected Cigarette Samples from Ilorin Metropolis Kwara State, Nigeria
(Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 2018) AZEEZ, SO; SAHEED, IO; ASHIYANBOLA, IO
The levels of Cr, Cd and Pb in tobacco leaves and some cigarette samples from Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria were collected and analyzed after wet digestion with a freshly prepared 65% HNO3 and35% HCl using atomic absorption spectrophotometry Model No PM 8251 single pen recorder. The results obtained reveal the presence of Cr and Cd in all samples including tobacco leaves. However, Pb was not found in all the samples within the limit of determination. The concentration ranges of Cr and Cd in the samples are 60-100 µg/g and 4-20 µg/g respectively, which was found to be lower than the WHO standard
Assessment Of Heavy Metal Pollution Of Waste Dump Sites In Kwara State Using Carica Papaya, Musa Spp And Cocorhrous Olitorous As Indicators
(International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR), 2013-09) Bale, Adebayo Tajudeen; Ogundele, Damilola Temitope; Bodunde, Victoria Tosin
Plant fruits and vegetables grown on mixed waste dumpsites were used as bio indicators of heavy metal pollution of three waste dumpsites in Ilorin Kwara State Nigeria. The samples were digested using Wet-oxidation method and heavy metals in the digest were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Technique. Carica Papaya, Musa Spp and Cocorhrous Olitorous samples were collected from contaminated and uncontaminated sites. Copper concentrations of carica- papaya, Musa spp, and cocorhrous olitorous from the contaminated sites were found between 0.15-0.23 mg/kg in Abayawo, 0.13 mg/kg in Okolowo, and 0.10 mg/kg in Itanmo. Zinc was found between 21.25-42.75mg/kg in Abayawo, 20.00 mg/kg in Okolowo, and 11.00 mg/kg in Itanmo. Pb and Cd were found below the detection limit of the instrument. Heavy metals in the uncontaminated site samples were found between 0.10-0.23 mg/kg Copper, 0.75-31.75 mg/kg Zinc. Cadmium and lead were found comparatively below detention limits in all the samples. Mean concentrations of metals were higher in Abayawo dumpsite than other dumpsites. The mean concentration of Cu 0.56 mg/kg and Zn 30.75mg/kg are well above the mean concentration of metals from the control site (Oloje) 0.15 mg/kg and 24.58 mg/kg Copper and Zinc respectively. Base on this study, the three waste dumpsites are polluted with heavy metals (Copper, Zinc), which can pose great health risk and hazards on food chain.
Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics of Selected Borehole Waters in Oke-Oyi Community, Ilorin East Local Government Area, Kwara State
(Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2017) ISMAILA, O. SAHEED: SAMSUDEEN, O. AZEEZ; YUSUF, O. AYIPO; USAKA C. GUNU
The physicochemical parameters of seven different borehole waters in Oke-Oyi, Ilorin East Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria were assessed to determine its suitability for human consumption. The parameters examined include temperature (28 - 29⁰C), conductivity (414 - 1603 µs/cm), pH (5.71 - 6.57), total hardness (20.2 - 67.3 mg/L). The concentrations of heavy metals determined are Zn (0.010 – 0.022 mg/L), Fe (0.002 - 0.120 mg/L), Cr (0.075 - 0.12 mg/L), Cu (3x10-4 – 2x10-3 mg/L), Co (0.01 - 0.26 mg/L) and Mn (0.082 - 0.94 mg/L). There was no lead detected in two of the borehole water samples while those detected have low concentration range 1 x 10-5 – 6 x 10-5. The results of physicochemical parameters obtained are within World Health Organisation (WHO) limits except for the pH that is slightly lower and the conductivity of OKY 1 that is slightly higher.
ASSESSMENT OF SOME HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATIONS IN SOIL AND GROUNDWATER AROUND REFUSE DUMPSITE IN IBADAN METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
(Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 2020) I. O. Saheed, S. O. Azeez*, A. A. Jimoh, V. A. Obaro and S. A. Adepoju
This study reports the determination of some heavy metals’ concentration in soil and groundwater around refuse dumpsites in five locations in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Five samples were collected from each soil and groundwater locations and analysed for heavy metals(Cd, Co, Pb, Cr, Zn, Mn and Ni)using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The soil samples were obtained in triplicates at 25 cm depth intervals whereas the water samples were obtained from hand dug wells less than 10 m deep. The range of the values of heavy metal concentrations obtained in water is Co (0.01-0.04), Pb (0.01-0.02), Cr (0.02-0.05), Zn (0.40-0.70), Mn (0.02-0.05) and Ni (0.02-0.05), but Cadmium was not detected. The concentrations of Pb and Ni in ground water obtained from Arapaja, Aleshinloye and Alafara were higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) and Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) limits. The results obtained showed that the concentrations of Cd, Co, Pb, Ni and Cr in soil exceeded the WHO and SON permissible limits. However, Zn and Mn were below the limit.
Biodiesel Production from Parinarium Mycrophlum Seed Oil Sodium Hydroxide as Homogeneous Catalyst
(Nigerian Journal of Tropical Engineering, 2021) Otori, A. A., Jimoh, A. A., Azeez, S.O., Adebayo, Z. F., and Abdulsalam, Z. A.
Biodiesel has gained support and recognition as a fuel to replace and blending agent with fossil diesel. In search of non-edible seed oil feed stock than can be used for biodiesel production using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as homogeneous catalyst. An investigation was carried out with P. macrophylum seed oil present in Bida, Niger State. The leaf of this seed oil is used for medicinal purpose by Bida people treatment of scorpion and snake bite. The seed yielded 40.0% oil by solvent extraction. The oil was transesterified with methanol using homogeneous catalyst sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with optimize parameters; methanol to oil ratio (6:1), temperature (55 ℃), catalyst concentration (1.6 wt%), reaction time (60 min), and agitation speed (300 rpm). The cloud point and pour point of the produced biodiesel falls between (-11.2 and -4.5) which is within ASTM and EU standards. The biodiesel yield of 74.2, 75.3, 80.2 and 83.2 were also recorded with NaOH catalyst which fasting transesterification reaction than heterogeneous catalyst (CaO). P. macrophylum oil can be a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Since the oil is non-edible and it will not interfere with food chain.
Bioremediation Process ofEffluent fromDetergent andFood Industries inJos, Nigeria: Kinetics andThermodynamics
(International Journal of Engineering Science Invention (IJESI), 2018-03-14) Akeem Adebayo Jimoh, Adebayo Ganiyu Babatunde, Dauda Baba, Abdullateef Baba
In This Present Study, The Reduction Trends in Total Solids (TS) of Effluents from Food and Detergent Industries were used to determine the rate of Remediation using Immobilized Bacterial Substrates. Two different Bacteria Pseudomonas Spp and Bacillus Spp were isolated from Food Effluent (FE) and Detergent Effluents (DE) and were used for their remediation study. The results showed that the reduction in Total Solids (TS) ranged between 11.55% and 84.26% for Food Effluent and 17.89% and 97.84% for Detergent Effluent (DE) Respectively. The Reductions in TS were subjected to zero and first order kinetics. The rate constant for TS reduction for zero order kinetics were ranged (FE 0.095-0.758 Mg/L/Day and DE 0.036-1.029 Mg/L/Day) and first order kinetics also ranged (FE 0.015-0.238 D-1 and DE 0.015-0.42 D-1 ). The kinetic models’ results showed that both the TS reduction for Pseudomonas Spp. and Bacillus Spp. used in this research followed both the zero order and first order kinetics.
Biosynthesis of Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles and the evaluation of their antibacterial activities
(Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2022) A.A. Jimoh, B.H Akpeji , S.O. Azeez, Y.O. Ayipo, Z.A. Abdulsalam, Z.F. Adebayo, A.T. Ajao, A.T. Zakariyah, E.E. Elemike
In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used for the synthesis of silver and titanium oxide nanoparticles (Ag and TiO2 NPs). The nanoparticles were prepared by mixing the supernatant solution of the cultured organism and the solution of silver nitrate and titanium tetrabutoxide. UV–Vis spectroscopic analysis gave absorption peak at wavelength of 414 nm and 390 nm for Ag and TiO2 NPs respectively. The FTIR spectra gave absorption bands attributed to Nsingle bondH stretch of the peptide linkages, Osingle bondH stretch of carboxylic acid, amide bend, and single bondCdouble bondO stretch which may have emanated from the micro-organism. The powdered X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies revealed the crystalline nature of AgNPs and TiO2 NPs while microscopic studies showed spherical and dispersed morphologies with average particle size of 7.27 nm and 6.83 nm for Ag and TiO2 NPs respectively. Antibacterial analysis of the synthesized nanoparticles showed broad spectrum inhibition against disease causing microorganisms with TiO2NPs exhibiting excellent results more than AgNPs and the control drugs.
Box Behnken Design in the Optimization of Rhodamine B Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Delonix regia Seeds and Pods
(Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 2022) Samsudeen Olanrewaju Azeez* , Ismaila Olalekan Saheed, Folahan Amoo Adekola, Akeem Adebayo Jimoh, David Morakinyo Aransiola and Zuliah A. Abdulsalam
The uptake of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye onto chemically prepared activated carbon from Delonix regia pods (DPAC) and seeds (DSAC) by response surface methodology was investigated. The activated carbons were prepared with 1 M nitric acid and characterized by BET FTIR, SEM and EDX. The results obtained revealed that the prepared activated carbons DPAC and DSAC with pore diameter 4.04 nm and 3.48 nm respectively possess mesoporous structures. Optimization of the four operating variables viz; concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH on RhB adsorption were examined using Box Behnken design (BBD). The maximum removal efficiency of RhB from aqueous solution was achieved at 99.16% and 98.36% for DSAC and DPAC respectively with an initial RhB concentration of 55 mg/L, 0.1 g dosage, pH 12, and 725 min for both adsorbents. The actual values of 99.16% (DSAC) and 98.36% (DPAC) compared with predicted values 101.7% (DSAC) and 99.40% (DPAC) have a good agreement and this confirms the suitability of the proposed model. The adsorption process fitted best into the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption process was adequately described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Intra-particle diffusion appears to control the adsorption process but is not the only rate-limiting step.
Calcium coordination compounds of dipicolinic and quinolinic acids: synthesis, characterization, crystal structures and DFT studies
(2022) Adedibu Clement Tella; Adetola Christianah Oladipo; Victoria Tosin Olayemi; Allen Gordon; Adeniyi Sunday Ogunlaja; Lukman Olawale Alimi; Stephen Argent; Robert Mokaya; Guy Clarkson; Richard Walton
Abstract In the past two decades various N-heterocyclic carboxylate coordination compounds have been synthesized with intriguing architectures and potential applications as functional materials. In this regard, two novel calcium coordination compounds [Ca(2,6-Hpdc)2(H2O)2] 1 and [Ca2(2,3-pdc)2(H2O)6]n 2 (where 2,6-H2pdc = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and 2,3-H2pdc = 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid) were grown at room temperature. The compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction and single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 crystallize in orthorhombic space group Pccn and monoclinic space group Pc, respectively. The structures of both compounds are stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds arising from coordinated water molecules and carboxylate groups. Computational analysis revealed that compound 1 has a large energy gap (9.221 eV) suggesting high excitation energies and chemical hardness making it a better electron acceptor while compound 2 displayed a smaller energy gap (5.156 eV) which is indicative of a softer molecule with better polarizability and reactivity.
Castor (Ricinus communis) and Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Biodiesel Optimization by Alkaline Na+/K+ Catalytic Conversion
(University of Al- Qadisiyah, 2022-02-21) Mustapha, A. O, Akanji, K, Akala, A., Daramola, E, Ajala, M, Ajao, F, Abdullahi, M, and Adisa, S.
For the optimization of refined castor biodiesel (RCB) and refined sesame biodiesel (RSB), the impacts of specified conditions such as catalyst types (NaOH and KOH), catalyst concentration (0.3–1.5 wt. %), speed (500–750 rpm), and time (20–60 min) were investigated. The physicochemical properties of the RCB and RSB were measured using the American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM) approved protocols for acid, peroxide, iodine, and saponification; density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index value. Box–Behnken Design's Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was also used for optimization. The results for four optimization methods were catalyst concentration (0.300–0.435 wt. %), speed (500.000–643.242 rpm), and time (20.000–31.386 min). The yield ranged from 81.062 to 102.648 %, with a desirability range of 0.812 to 0.980 %. The projected RSB maximum yield while using KOH was 102.648 %, whereas the RCB maximum yields when using NaOH was 81.062 %, with a variance of 21.586 %. Under these reaction conditions, the optimal yield of RCB (81.062%) using the KOH catalyst was lower than that of RCB (92.017%) using the NaOH catalyst, with a variance of 10.955 %. ANOVA statistics revealed that catalysts were the most critical components in biodiesel optimization, based on expected biodiesel yields. These yields were higher when compared to ASTM D 6751 and EN 14214 which required a range of 46–55 % in regular biodiesel production.
Catalytic performance for transesterification reaction using waste cooking oils over nano-calcium oxide (n-CaO) catalyst from different waste bones
(Al-Sibd Centre for Research and Scholarly Publishing, Irag, 2022-06-20) Mustapha A.O., Yemisi T. Afolabi , Simeon G. Oladele , Salihu F. Adisa
The trans-esterification processes of refined waste groundnut oil (WGO) and sunflower oil (WSO) was optimized using calcium oxide produced from three different animal bones after incineration and characterization. The bone samples were crushed and calcined at 600 oC into fine powders with particulate dimension size of 49 nm. The calcined bones such as, calcined fish bone (CFB), calcine cow bone (CCB), and calcined chicken bone (CCHB) were characterized using the transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Brunnar Emmet Teller (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques.The powdered calcium oxide (CaO) was obtained from the waste animal bones to produced methyl ester (FAMEs). The effect of the catalyst dosage ratio on the physicochemical properties such as, yield, specific gravity, density, kinematic viscosity, and acid values of the produced biodiesel were studied and evaluated. The analysis of results using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS software) showed maximum catalyst dosage and yield for groundnut-based biodiesel (GNB) with CCB at 3.0 wt.% with yield 95.0 % followed by sunflower based biodiesel (SFB) with CCB 4.0 wt. % with yield 95.0 %. The best optimal trans-esterification reaction conditions were a 1:6 molar ratio of oil to methanol, 1 hour reaction period, a 333 K reaction temperature, stirring rate of 1000 rpm, and 3-4 wt. % CaO catalyst loading. This study revealed that waste cooking oils and the obtained calcium oxide were good sources of raw materials that canenhance optimal production of biodiesel that meet the American standards for testing materials ASTM requirements.
Catalytic performance of nano-calcium oxide (n-CaO from different waste bones and cooking oils in biodiesel production
(Chemical Society of Nigeria (CSN), 2022-09-18) Mustapha, A.O, Yemisi T. Afolabi, Simeon G. Oladele, Salihu F. Adisa
The trans-esterification procedures of refined waste groundnut oil (WGO) and sunflower oil (WSO) were optimized using calcium oxide obtained following combustion and analysis from three distinct animal bones. The bone samples were crushed and calcined at 600 oC into fine powders with particle dimensions of 49 nm. The transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Brunnar Emmet Teller (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were used to characterize calcined bones such as calcined fish bone (CFB), calcined cow bone (CCB), and calcined chicken bone (CCHB). To make methyl ester, powdered calcium oxide (CaO) was extracted from discarded animal bones (FAMEs). The influence of the catalyst dosage ratio on the physicochemical parameters of the produced biodiesel, such as yield, specific gravity, density, kinematic viscosity, and acid values, was researched and evaluated. The analysis of findings using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS software) revealed that groundnut-based biodiesel (GNB) with CCB at 3.0 wt. % yielded 95.0 %, followed by sunflower-based biodiesel (SFB) with CCB 4.0 wt. % yielded 95.0 %. The best ideal trans-esterification reaction parameters were a 1:6 molar oil-to-methanol ratio, a 1 hour reaction period, a 333 K reaction temperature, a 1000 rpm stirring rate, and a 3-4 wt. %t CaO catalyst loading. This study discovered that waste cooking oils and the calcium oxide derived from them were excellent sources of materials that can improve biodiesel production and meet American criteria for testing materials ASTM requirements
Chalcones and Bis-Chalcones Analogs as DPPH and ABTS Radical Scavengers
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2021) Bale, Adebayo Tajudeen; Salar, Uzma; Khan, Khalid Mohammed; Chigurupati, Sridevi; Fasina, Tolulope; Ali, Farman; Ali, Muhammad; Nanda, Sekhar Sitanshu; Taha Muhammad; Perveen, Shahnaz
A number of synthetic scaffolds, along with natural products, have been identified as potent antioxidants. The present study deals with the evaluation of varyingly substituted, medicinally distinct class of compounds “chalcones and bis-chalcones” for their antioxidant potential.
Chalcones and bis-chalcones: As potential α-amylase inhibitors; synthesis, in vitro screening, and molecular modelling studies
(Academic Press Inc., 2018-05-07) Bale, Adebayo Tajudeen; Khan, Khalid Mohammed; Salar, Uzma; Chigurupati, Sridevi; Fasina, Tolulope; Ali, Farman; Kanwal; Abdul Wadood; Taha, Muhammad; Nanda, Sekhar Sitanshu; Ghufran Mehreen; Perveen, Shahnaz
Despite of a diverse range of biological activities associated with chalcones and bis-chalcones, they are still neglected by the medicinal chemist for their possible α-amylase inhibitory activity. So, the current study is based on the evaluation of this class for the identification of new leads as α-amylase inhibitors. For that purpose, a library of substituted chalcones 1–13 and bis-chalcones 14–18 were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques EI-MS and 1H NMR. CHN analysis was carried out and found in agreement with the calculated values. All compounds were evaluated for in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity and demonstrated good activities in the range of IC50 = 1.25 ± 1.05–2.40 ± 0.09 µM as compared to the standard acarbose (IC50 = 1.04 ± 0.3 µM). Limited structure–activity relationship (SAR) was established by considering the effect of different groups attached to aryl rings on varying inhibitory activity. SMe group in chalcones and OMe group in bis-chalcones were found more influential on the activity than other groups. However, in order to predict the involvement of different groups in the binding interactions with the active site of α-amylase enzyme, in silico studies were also conducted.

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