Department of Microbiology

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Acid-hydrolysed local Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as culture media for Laboratory Yeast (Saccaromyces cerevisiae)
(2011) Siemuri, E.O.; Akintunde, J.K.; Ajiboye, A.E.
Cowpea (Vigna Uguiculata) seeds are nutritious components in the human diet; they contain 63.66 starch, 24.8 protein and 1.9% lipid-fat. Acid-hydrolysis of powdered cowpea extract leads to the breakdown of its complex molecules into simple materials. The hydrolysis of protein in the presence of an acid catalyst gives amino acids, which serves as nitrogen and carbon source for yeast growth. The acid-hydrolysed cowpea filtrates were now tested for yeast growth by culturing or growing the yeast on the media at a variable pH of 5.18 – 5.96. It was observed that test-tube labelled A and B has the highest mean absorbance of 0.810 and 0.882 at 0.5 and 1.0 g/ml cowpea filtrate level in relation to the normal yeast media. Hence, acid-hydrolysed cowpea at a concentration of 0.5 and 1.0 with pH of 5.56 and 5.58 which is cheap and commonly available can be used in growing yeast in the laboratory especially during industrial bumper production. Also, the amino acid content of the cowpea revealed highest in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine and lysine by 1000, 700, 450 and 400% respectively.
Analytical study on Fungal Cellulase Produced by Penicillium Expansum grown on Malus Domestica (Apple Fruits)
(2021) Adedayo, M. R. and Ayilara, O. V.
The rise in world industrialization and the cost of importing enzyme by local industries have led to a rise in the search for novel and native enzyme producing microorganisms. Cellulase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking down of carbon chains in cellulose and hemicellulose, this research therefore aimed at studying fungal cellulase produced by Penicillium expansum grown on malus domestica (apple fruits). Fresh apple fruit was allowed to deteriorate under laboratory condition until there was visible mould growth. The mould with desired features of the organism of interest was subcultured by direct plating on PDA plates to which 10 % streptomycin has been added to prevent bacterial contaminants. The plates were incubated at 28±2 0C for 7 days until a visible mass of blue mycelia appear. The isolate was further subcultured onto freshly prepared media until pure culture was obtained. Characterization and identification of isolate were done using macroscopy and microscopy techniques. The isolate was re-inoculated into healthy apple fruits and the fruits were incubated at temperature of 28±2 oC for 8 days. Cellulolytic activity was examined every day throughout the incubation period. Crude enzyme was extracted each day using standard methods. Carboxyl methyl cellulose was used as standard for the crude cellulase activity assay after extraction from the infected apple fruits using Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA). Culture parameters like pH and temperature were also optimized to determine their effect on cellulolytic activity of the fungus. Cellulase activity was defined as the amount of glucose produced in μmol/mg/min under the assay condition. The highest cellulase activity of 86.84±0.52 μmol/mg/min was observed on day 6 of incubation at 28±2 oC and at pH 7. In conclusion, it is evident from this research that P. expansum isolated could be used as potential novel organism for industrial production of cellulase under optimized fermentation conditions
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF CRUDE EXTRACT OF CARICA PAPAYA LEAF AGAINST SELECTED PATHOGENS
(2020) A. E. AJIBOYE AND R. A. OLAWOYIN
Carica papaya commonly known as paw paw belongs to the family of Curcubitaceae and commonly grown in tropical regions. It possesses antimicrobial, antihelmintic and antioxidant properties. The study assessed the antibacterial potency of Carica papaya against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Acetone and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Carica papaya were obtained using standard methods. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was done using agar well diffusion methods. The Minimum inhibitory and Minimum bactericidal concentrations were done using standard procedures. The antibacterial activities of the crude extracts of Carica papaya against the test organisms revealed that acetone extract showed maximum zone of inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 17.90±0.10mm at 500 mg/ml and the lowest inhibitory effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae with a zone of 6.50±0.50mm at 100 mg/ml, the aqueous extract showed maximum zone of inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 15.50±0.50mm at 500 mg/ml and the lowest zone of inhibition was on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 6.50±0.50mm at 100 g/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of acetone and aqueous extract was 40 mg/ml and 50mg/ml against Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of the extracts ranges from 40-60mg/ml. The qualitative phytochemical screening result revealed the presence of tannins, saponnin, alkaloids and steroid. The quantitative phytochemicals revealed 0.70% of flavonoids, 0.48% of alkaloids, 1.02% of tannin, 0.11% of steroids and 1.08% of glycoside. The result obtained revealed that crude extracts of Carica papaya leaves has antibacterial activities against the test organisms.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF RICINUS COMMUNIS (CASTOR OIL PLANT) AND CALOTROPIS PROCERA (APPLE OF SODOM) CRUDE EXTRACTS AGAINST SELECTED CLINICAL ISOLATES
(Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2021) AJIBOYE, A.E.; TAIRU, S.K.; OLAWOYIN, R.A
Plants with medicinal properties are of great importance as a result of their pharmacological effects, and they might be natural composite sources that can act as new anti-infectious agents. The antibacterial efficacy of Calotropis procera and Ricinus communis were investigated for their effects on some selected clinical isolates using Agar well diffusion method, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and phytochemical screening (qualitative and quantitative) and all were carried out using standard methods and procedures. The acetone and aqueous extracts of the plants inhibited the isolates, for the acetone extract, E. coli had the highest zone of inhibition 15.50 ± 0.50 mm at 500 mg/ml concentration while extract of Ricinus communis had the lowest antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with a diameter of zone of inhibition 4.00 ± 0.50 mm at 100 mg/ml and a diameter of zone of inhibition 4.50 ± 0.50 mm at 200 mg/ml for Calotropis procera. For aqueous extract, extract of Ricinus communis had the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli with a diameter of zone of inhibition 15.00 ± 0.50 mm at 500 mg/ml concentration while extract of Calotropis procera had the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli with a diameter of zone of inhibition 14.00 ± 1.00 mm at 500 mg/ml concentration. The qualitative phytochemical screening of the extract confirmed the presence of some secondary plant metabolites such as saponin, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides. The results showed the effectiveness of both aqueous and acetone extracts of the medicinal plant, the effect of the medicinal plant is also justification for their common use in African traditional medicine and is known to be a potential source of different drug products for the cure of various ailments
Antibacterial Activity Of Essential Oil Of Syzygium cumini Leaf Against Pathogenic And Spoilage Bacteria Isolated From Cheese
(2020) BO Yusuf, AT Ajao, BK Saliu
local cheese has been reported to be a high risk food in Nigeria due to the possible transmission of numerous spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. This study therefore investigated not only the spoilage and pathogenic bacteria associated with local cheese sold within Ilorin metropolis but also microbiological food safety of the food through the use of Syzygium cumini oil as a preservative. Samples of wara were collected from selected seller across the metropolis and analysed for the presence of different bacterial species using spread plate method on appropriate selective growth media. All the bacterial isolates were identified using biochemical test. Invitro therapeutic efficacy of S.cumini oil aginst foodborne isolates was carried out using Kirby-Bauer method. The most six prevalent bacterial isolates were Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogene, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the wara. Hydrodistilled leaves of Syzygium cumini yielded 0.32% (v/w) of essential oil. Examination of the oil by GC and GC/MS uncovered that the greater part of the oil was comprised by sesquiterpenes. Other outstanding constituents were Cis-Beta-Farnesene (1.40%), Beta-Ocimene (2.11%), Beta-bisabolol (1.48%), Beta-Ocimene (2.11%), and D-Limonene (2.89%). Antibacterial action was measured base on the zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration. The oil repressed the development of Proteus vulgaris at 25% concentration, Escherichia coli at 12.5% concentration, Listeria monocytogene at 6.25% concentration, Salmonella typhimurium at 12.5% concentration and Staphylococcus aureusat 6.25% concentration while no action was recorded against B. subtilis. Highest activity, represented by diameter of zone of clearance around the loaded wells was recorded for Staphylococcus aureus. Accordingly, the oil can be an elective method for averting spoilage in stored wara in this manner expanding its time span of edibility.
Antibacterial Activity Of Essential Oil Of Syzygium cumini Leaf Against Pathogenic And Spoilage Bacteria Isolated From Cheese
(Published by The Laboratory of Organic Materials, Faculty of Technology, University of Bejaia, Algeria., 2020-06-28) Yusuf Bashirat Olamide; Ajao Abdullahi Taiye; Saliu Bolanle Kudirat
local cheese has been reported to be a high risk food in Nigeria due to the possible transmission of numerous spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. This study therefore investigated not only the spoilage and pathogenic bacteria associated with local cheese sold within Ilorin metropolis but also microbiological food safety of the food through the use of Syzygium cumini oil as a preservative. Samples of wara were collected from selected seller across the metropolis and analysed for the presence of different bacterial species using spread plate method on appropriate selective growth media. All the bacterial isolates were identified using biochemical test. Invitro therapeutic efficacy of S.cumini oil aginst foodborne isolates was carried out using Kirby-Bauer method. The most six prevalent bacterial isolates were Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogene, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the wara. Hydrodistilled leaves of Syzygium cumini yielded 0.32% (v/w) of essential oil. Examination of the oil by GC and GC/MS uncovered that the greater part of the oil was comprised by sesquiterpenes. Other outstanding constituents were Cis-Beta-Farnesene (1.40%), Beta-Ocimene (2.11%), Betabisabolol (1.48%), Beta-Ocimene (2.11%), and D-Limonene (2.89%). Antibacterial action was measured base on the zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration. The oil repressed the development of Proteus vulgaris at 25% concentration, Escherichia coli at 12.5% concentration, Listeria monocytogene at 6.25% concentration, Salmonella typhimurium at 12.5% concentration and Staphylococcus aureusat 6.25% concentration while no action was recorded against B. subtilis. Highest activity, represented by diameter of zone of clearance around the loaded wells was recorded for Staphylococcus aureus. Accordingly, the oil can be an elective method for averting spoilage in stored wara in this manner expanding its time span of edibility.
Antibacterial Activity of the seed of Dialium guineense against Selected Enteric Bacteria
(Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, 2018) Ajiboye Adeyinka Elizabeth; Babatunde Shola Kola; Adedayo Majekodunmi Rachael; Ajuwon Israel Busayo; Odaibo Diane Adebobola; Ihesie Idinmachukwu Ugochinyere
This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity and screening the phytochemical composition of the seed of Dialium guineense. The aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the seed of Dialium guineense were analyzed against some clinical isolates. The phytochemical composition and antibacterial sensitivity testing were carried out using standard methods. The clinical isolates were Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi. Broad spectrum antibiotics were used as positive control for the antibiotic sensitivity test. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of saponin, tannins, alkaloid and glycoside while antimicrobial activity test at various concentrations for ethanolic and methanolic extracts showed significant results against the selected enteric bacteria with the exception of aqueous extracts which showed no antimicrobial activity against any of the isolates. The highest zone of inhibition (13.33mm) was obtained against S. typhi using methanolic extract while E. coli had a zone of inhibition of 10.67mm using ethanolic extract. P. mirabilis showed the lowest zone of inhibition (3.67mm) using ethanolic extract. Ciprofloxacin showed the highest sensitivity to the test organisms while Gentamicin showed the lowest sensitivity. MIC results for the methanolic and ethanolic seed extract against the microbial isolates varied. However, a higher concentration above 225 mg/ml would be required for bactericidal activity, From these findings, the seed of Dialium guineense is a potential source of bioactive compounds and may have implications in the management of infectious diseases caused by some enteric bacteria.
Antibacterial Activity of the seed of Dialium guineense against Selected Enteric Bacteria
(Covenant Journal of Physical and Life Sciences, 2018-12) Ajiboye Adeyinka Elizabeth, Babatunde Shola Kola, Adedayo Majekodunmi Rachael, Ajuwon Israel Busayo, Odaibo Diane Adebobola & Ihesie Idinmachukwu Ugochinyere
This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity and screening the phytochemical composition of the seed of Dialium guineense. The aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the seed of Dialium guineense were analyzed against some clinical isolates. The phytochemical composition and antibacterial sensitivity testing were carried out using standard methods. The clinical isolates were Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi. Broad spectrum antibiotics were used as positive control for the antibiotic sensitivity test. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of saponin, tannins, alkaloid and glycoside while antimicrobial activity test at various concentrations for ethanolic and methanolic extracts showed significant results against the selected enteric bacteria with the exception of aqueous extracts which showed no antimicrobial activity against any of the isolates. The highest zone of inhibition (13.33mm) was obtained against S. typhi using methanolic extract while E. coli had a zone of inhibition of 10.67mm using ethanolic extract. P. mirabilis showed the lowest zone of inhibition (3.67mm) using ethanolic extract. Ciprofloxacin showed the highest sensitivity to the test organisms while Gentamicin showed the lowest sensitivity. MIC results for the methanolic and ethanolic seed extract against the microbial isolates varied. However, a higher concentration above 225 mg/ml would be required for bactericidal activity, From these findings, the seed of Dialium guineense is a potential source of bioactive compounds and may have implications in the management of infectious diseases caused by some enteric bacteria.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Ocimum gratissimum on some selected Gram-Negative Bacteria
(Centrepoint Journal (Science Edition), 2020) Agbabiaka, T. O., Sule, I.O., Uthman, L. and Odebisi-Omokanye, M.B
This study is aimed at looking at the most effective between extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces and Ocimum gratissimum leaves on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibacterial efficacy of distilled water and ethanolic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces and Ocimum gratissimum leaves on the above-named organisms were evaluated by agar well diffusion technique and broth dilution method. The antibacterial efficacy of these extracts was compared with the commercially available antibiotics. The dried residue obtained was reconstituted with distilled water to a concentration of 400mg/ml. Some of the organisms showed varying degree of resistances to the antibiotics while some were sensitive. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of H. sabdariffa and the ethanolic extract of O. gratissimum inhibited growth of the organisms at concentrations of 100 -400 mg/ml (zones of inhibition ranged between 6 and 24 mm). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts were between 24 and 93.75 mg/ml. This revealed that ethanolic extract of O. gratissimum, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of H. sabdariffa have antimicrobial activity on all the organisms and probably could be used to control infections associated with them.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Ocimum gratissimum on some selected Gram-Negative Bacteria
(Centrepoint Journal (Science Edition), 2020) Agbabiaka, T. O., Sule, I.O., Uthman, L. and Odebisi-Omokanye, M.B
This study is aimed at looking at the most effective between extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces and Ocimum gratissimum leaves on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibacterial efficacy of distilled water and ethanolic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces and Ocimum gratissimum leaves on the above-named organisms were evaluated by agar well diffusion technique and broth dilution method. The antibacterial efficacy of these extracts was compared with the commercially available antibiotics. The dried residue obtained was reconstituted with distilled water to a concentration of 400mg/ml. Some of the organisms showed varying degree of resistances to the antibiotics while some were sensitive. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of H. sabdariffa and the ethanolic extract of O. gratissimum inhibited growth of the organisms at concentrations of 100 -400 mg/ml (zones of inhibition ranged between 6 and 24 mm). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts were between 24 and 93.75 mg/ml. This revealed that ethanolic extract of O. gratissimum, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of H. sabdariffa have antimicrobial activity on all the organisms and probably could be used to control infections associated with them.
Antibacterial potency and phytochemical screening of the bark of Terminalia catappa against some clinical isolates
(Advanced Research Journals, 2016) Ajiboye AE; Babatunde SK; Adedayo MR; Adetumbi MA; Ajuwon IB; Ajasegun T
Context and purpose of the study: To evaluate the antibacterial properties of ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of the bark of Terminalia catappa against some clinical isolates. Main findings: The antibacterial activity of the T. catappa bark extracts was five bacterial clinical isolates which are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae using agar-well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration was done by the broth dilution method. Broad spectrum antibiotics were used as positive control for the antibiotic sensitivity test. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of T. catappa bark both were carried out using standard methods. However, ethyl-acetate and aqueous extracts of Terminalia catappa showed that K. pneumoniae was more sensitive compared with E. coli, S. typhi, S.aureus and P. aeruginosa. Antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts showed the value range from 10.33 ± 0.58 mg/ml to 9.33 ± 0.60 mg/ml. Ethyl acetate extract showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 80 mg/ml while the aqueous extract shows MIC at the concentration of 100 mg/ml. However, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ethyl-acetate extract against the clinical isolates was at the concentration of 100 mg/ml while there was no minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the aqueous extract. Phytochemical screening shows the presence of saponins, glycosides, and alkaloids, in larger quantity while flavonoids, tannins, and steroids in smaller quantity. Brief summary and potential implications: This study indicates that the extracts were efficacious and can be used for the management of diseases caused by the tested organisms. Results obtained support the use of this plant as use in traditional medicine and support that the plant extracts possess compounds with good antimicrobial properties that can be used as antimicrobial agents in the search for new antimicrobial drugs.
ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF TAPINANTHUS BANGWENSIS (AFRICA MISTLETOE) ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS ON SELECTED CLINICAL ISOLATES
(Nature and Science, 2024-07-01) Awe, S., Adedayo, M. R. and Bamidele, D. B
Antibiotics resistance has been recognized as an emerging problem worldwide both in human and veterinary medicine. Tapinanthus bangwensis is a well-known evergreen parasitic plant and an excellent medicinal plant belonging to the family Loranthanceae used as a remedy for several human and animal ailments that include stomach ache, diarrhea, dysentery, wound, arthritis, epilepsy and cancer traditionally. This study aimed was to assess the antibacterial potential of T. bangwensis on pathogenic bacteria and also study the qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals inherent in the plant. Ethanolic extracts of T. bangwensis leaf and stem was challenged with clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae. Antibacterial activity was investigated using agar well diffusion method while qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening were carried out using Gas and mass spectroscopy method. Antibacterial effect of T. bangwensis leaf and stem showed various inhibitory effect against the microbial isolates. The leaf extract exhibited a higher zones of inhibition against Escherichia coli (18.70 ± 0.6mm) at a concentration of 1000 mg/ml while a zone of inhibition of 16.30±0.6mm was observed on E. coli using stem extract. Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus had a zone of inhibition of 15.70±0.5 mm using stem extract respectively at 1000 mg/ml. The MIC was 250mg/ml for the crude extracts against the clinical isolates. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) recorded for the leaf extract was observed to be 1000mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and 500mg/ml for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae whereas MBC for the stem extract recorded 500mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and 1000mg/ml for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae. The result obtained from the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannin, steroids, phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanin, coumarin, terpenoids, glycoside, and alkaloid among others. Steroids and flavonoids was predominant in the leaf with the value of 309.68 ±0.94 mg/kg and 274.92 ± 1.09 mg/kg respectively while Glycoside had the least (12.67±0.01 mg/kg). In the stem 109.02±1.89 mg/kg recorded as the highest value with the lowest of 0.22±0.01 mg/kg for Saponin. These results could suggest the promising chemopreventive use of T. bangwensis and some of its active principles in the treatment of infections.
Antibacterial screening of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date palm) seed extracts on some bacterial isolates associated with dental caries
(Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria., 2020) Adedayo MR; Ajiboye AE; Adetula FE
Dental diseases refer to conditions of deterioration and disintegration of the oral cavity due to the activities of pathogenic microbes. This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date palm) seed on selected bacteria isolates associated with dental caries namely Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei. Bioactive components of the seed were extracted using water and ethanol as solvents. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was examined by agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were also determined using standard methods. All extracts were active against the tested isolates at the concentrations examined. L. casei was the most susceptible organism followed by S. mutans. S. aureus was the least susceptible. Ethanolic extract was more effective than aqueous extract at all the concentrations tested in the study. The MIC of aqueous and ethanolic extracts was 20 mg/ml while the MBC was 80 mg/ml respectively against all the bacterial isolates tested. It can be concluded that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the seed possess antibacterial potential against all the test organisms and could be useful in treatment of dental diseases and other related diseases caused by the bacteria isolates tested in the study.
Antibacterial screening of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date palm) seed extracts on some bacterial isolates associated with dental caries
(2020) Adedayo MR, Ajiboye AE and Adetula FE
Dental diseases refer to conditions of deterioration and disintegration of the oral cavity due to the activities of pathogenic microbes. This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date palm) seed on selected bacteria isolates associated with dental caries namely Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei. Bioactive components of the seed were extracted using water and ethanol as solvents. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was examined by agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were also determined using standard methods. All extracts were active against the tested isolates at the concentrations examined. L. casei was the most susceptible organism followed by S. mutans. S. aureus was the least susceptible. Ethanolic extract was more effective than aqueous extract at all the concentrations tested in the study. The MIC of aqueous and ethanolic extracts was 20 mg/ml while the MBC was 80 mg/ml respectively against all the bacterial isolates tested. It can be concluded that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the seed possess antibacterial potential against all the test organisms and could be useful in treatment of dental diseases and other related diseases caused by the bacteria isolates tested in the study.
Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of the fruit pulp of Dialium guineense (Velvet Tamarind) on some microbial isolates
(Academic Journals, 2015) Ajiboye, Adeyinka Elizabeth; Ameen, Muhammad Tukur; Adedayo, Majekodunmi Racheal
The antimicrobial activities of the aqueous, ethanol and n-hexane fruit pulp extracts of Dialium guineense were evaluated against clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans using the agar well diffusion technique. The results reveal that the crude aqueous and ethanol extracts possess antimicrobial activities on the tested organisms with the exception of n-hexane extract which showed no zone of inhibition. The highest zone of inhibition diameter at 24.67 mm of the ethanol extract and 19.33 mm of the aqueous extract was recorded against C. albicans while S. aureus showed the lowest inhibition zone to the aqueous extract with 7.33 mm in diameter. However, statistical analysis indicates no significance as P>0.05. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the aqueous and ethanol extracts to the isolates was between 100 - 200 mg/ml with only C. albicans at 50 mg/ml of the ethanol extract. Also, the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of the aqueous and ethanol extracts on majority of the organisms was above 200 mg/ml but P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis showed MLC at 200 mg/ml and, C. albicans at 100 mg/ml of the ethanol extract. Meanwhile, only C. albicans showed MLC to the aqueous extract at 100 mg/ml. In addition, the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin, saponins, oxalates and glycosides. The results of this work suggest further exploitation of the fruit pulp of D. guineense to possibly unveil its potential use for the treatment of diseases
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF Adansonia digitata STEM BARK EXTRACT ON SOME CLINICAL ISOLATES
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, 2020) Ajiboye, A.E.; Sadiq, S.O.; Adedayo, M.R.
Adansonia digitata is a massive and deciduous tree with a height of about 24 m and of significant economic importance. The antimicrobial and phytochemical screening of the aqueous and ethyl-acetate extract of stem bark of the plant were determined on some clinical isolates. The stem bark of the plant was collected and washed o properly before drying at 28 C. The pulverised stem bark was extracted with water and ethyl-acetate and screened for phytochemicals (qualitative and quantitative) using standard methods. The clinical isolates used were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts were carried out using the agar well diffusion methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations were carried out using standard methods. The aqueous extract exhibited a higher zone of inhibition against S. aureus (14.00 ± 0.57 mm) at a concentration of 200 mg/ml while a zone of inhibition of 11.66±0.33 mm was observed for E. coli using ethyl acetate extract. Candida albicans had a zone of inhibition of 11.66±0.88 mmand 11.00±0.57 mm using aqueous and ethyl-acetate extracts respectively at 200 mg/ml. The MIC was 200 mg/ml for the crude extracts against the clinical isolates. The qualitative ethyl-acetate phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenol, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponin and terpenoids. Phenol had the highest concentration of 2.02±0.25 mg/ml while terpenoids had a value of 1.38±0.02 mg/ml. Aqueous and ethyl-acetate extract of A. digitata possess significant antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. However, K. pneumoniae showed resistance to ethyl acetate extract
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF Adansonia digitata STEM BARK EXTRACT ON SOME CLINICAL ISOLATES
(Ife Journal of Science, 2022-04-29) Ajiboye, A.E., Sadiq, S.O. and Adedayo, M.R.
Adansonia digitata is a massive and deciduous tree with a height of about 24 m and of significant economic importance. The antimicrobial and phytochemical screening of the aqueous and ethyl-acetate extract of stem bark of the plant were determined on some clinical isolates. The stem bark of the plant was collected and washed o properly before drying at 28 C. The pulverised stem bark was extracted with water and ethyl-acetate and screened for phytochemicals (qualitative and quantitative) using standard methods. The clinical isolates used were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts were carried out using the agar well diffusion methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations were carried out using standard methods. The aqueous extract exhibited a higher zone of inhibition against S. aureus (14.00 ± 0.57 mm) at a concentration of 200 mg/ml while a zone of inhibition of 11.66±0.33 mm was observed for E. coli using ethylacetate extract. Candida albicans had a zone of inhibition of 11.66±0.88 mm and 11.00±0.57 mm using aqueous and ethyl-acetate extracts respectively at 200 mg/ml. The MIC was 200 mg/ml for the crude extracts against the clinical isolates. The qualitative ethyl-acetate phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenol, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponin and terpenoids. Phenol had the highest concentration of 2.02±0.25 mg/ml while terpenoids had a value of 1.38±0.02 mg/ml. Aqueous and ethyl-acetate extract of A. digitata possess significant antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. However, K. pneumoniae showed resistance to ethyl acetate extract.
Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of the fruit pulp of Dialium guineense (Velvet Tamarind) on some microbial isolates
(Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 2015-08) Ajiboye, Adeyinka Elizabeth, Ameen, Muhammad Tukur and Adedayo, Majekodunmi Racheal
The antimicrobial activities of the aqueous, ethanol and n-hexane fruit pulp extracts of Dialium guineense were evaluated against clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans using the agar well diffusion technique. The results reveal that the crude aqueous and ethanol extracts possess antimicrobial activities on the tested organisms with the exception of n-hexane extract which showed no zone of inhibition. The highest zone of inhibition diameter at 24.67 mm of the ethanol extract and 19.33 mm of the aqueous extract was recorded against C. albicans while S. aureus showed the lowest inhibition zone to the aqueous extract with 7.33 mm in diameter. However, statistical analysis indicates no significance as P>0.05. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the aqueous and ethanol extracts to the isolates was between 100 - 200 mg/ml with only C. albicans at 50 mg/ml of the ethanol extract. Also, the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of the aqueous and ethanol extracts on majority of the organisms was above 200 mg/ml but P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis showed MLC at 200 mg/ml and, C. albicans at 100 mg/ml of the ethanol extract. Meanwhile, only C. albicans showed MLC to the aqueous extract at 100 mg/ml. In addition, the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin, saponins, oxalates and glycosides. The results of this work suggest further exploitation of the fruit pulp of D. guineense to possibly unveil its potential use for the treatment of diseases.
Antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq) seeds on selected clinical isolates
(2020) Ajiboye AE and §Hammed BA
Parkia biglobosa (Jacq) is a wild leguminous plant found in North-Central zone of Nigeria with high calorific value, essential proteins, fatty acids, and vitamins. The study investigated the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of fermented and unfermented P. biglobosa seeds on selected clinical microbial isolates namely, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. P. biglobosa seeds were obtained from Oja-Oba market in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. The samples were pre-treated and pulverized into powder. The extraction was achieved with acetone and water and qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed following standard procedures. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts against the isolates was determined by agar well diffusion method. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the crude extracts showed the presence of tannins, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and glycosides. P. aeruginosa was sensitive to the aqueous extract of fermented seeds having a zone of inhibition of 14.00±1.00mm while for unfermented seeds it was 10.00±2.00 mm at 100 mg/ml. The acetone extracts of both fermented and unfermented seeds revealed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with zone of inhibition of 17.00±3.00 mm and 18.00±0.00 mm respectively. In conclusion, the crude extracts of the fermented and unfermented P. biglobosa seeds at a concentration of 75 and 100 mg/ml respectively have antimicrobial effect on the clinical isolates.
Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Analyses of Sida acuta Leaf Extracts on Selected Wound Isolates
(Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2021) Jimoh, F. A., Aborisade, W. T., and Bamidele, A. A.
Medicinal plants have been intensively screened for their bioactivity in order to treat various diseases in human. This study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of Sida acuta leaf extracts against selected wound microbes. The plant extracts were obtained sequentially using n-hexane, aqueous and acetone respectively in order of increasing polarity. The extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar-well diffusion method. The sensitivity of the test organisms to the extracts was represented by zones of inhibitions (mm) at different concentrations. There was corresponding increase in the zones of inhibitions (mm) on the test organisms as the concentration of the extracts increased from 64 mg/ml – 512 mg/ml. Among the plant extracts, the aqueous extract of Sida acuta leaf revealed significantly higher zones of inhibitions (mm) from 7.50±2.12 - 25.00±1.40 on all isolates. This was closely followed by the acetone extract while the n-hexane extract produced the lowest zones of inhibitions (mm) on all the test organisms except for Acinetobacter baumannii which has 9.80±0.42 at the concentration of 512 mg/ml. Results obtained on the phytochemical analyses of the aqueous and acetone extracts revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Hence, the antimicrobial effects of Sida acuta leaf extracts has been revealed in this study, therefore its controlled use should be encouraged in the treatment of wounds and other infections caused by these microorganisms.