Department of Arabic Language

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A study of the social and health damages of smoking in the Diwan of "Al-Riyadh" by the poet Issa Alabi Abu Bakr
(JNAL, Cairo, Egypt, 2022) Tajudeen Yusuf
Abstract: This article aims to study a poem entitled "The Scourge of the Age" in the Diwan of "Al-Riyadh", those literary works of the poet Issa Albi Abu Bakr, the genius writer of the modern poets in Arabic in Nigeria. This article dealt with one of the social-health issues prevalent in society and represented in the pests of smoking and its harms and negative effects on individuals and society in the poetry of the poet Iss Albi Abu Bakr, and the approach followed in the study is the descriptive approach prevalent in literary studies, the aim of which is to highlight the role of African poets, especially from the sons of Nigeria is in the service of society like other contemporary Arab poets. The study shows that the poet Issa Albi Abu Bakr has a dominant position among African writers interested in contemporary social issues in order to build a human society and establish values.
An Appraisal Of the Significance of Arabic Language to the Muslims
(Ad-Dirayah:International JournalOf Islamic Studies, Nasarawa State University, Keffi. Nasarawa State, 2016) Tajudeen Yusuf
ARABIC LANGUAGE AND THE CHALLENGE OF IDENTITY IN MULTI-ETHNIC SOCIETIES: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA
(AL-LISĀN JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMIC SOCIETY FOR ARABIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN NIGERIA (ASALLIN) VOL. III NO. XII, 2021, 2021) DR. МОНАMMAD KAMEL AHMAD
Nigeria is a linguistic, ethnic, cultural and social mosaic with more than fourhundred different indigenous, endoglossic tongues.¹ According to Brann, these languages are of divergent genetic families such as Niger-Kordofanian, Afro-Asiatic, and Nilo-Saharan. Furthermore, Niger-Kordofanian has two branches: Niger-Congo and Benue-Congo. Niger-Congo itself is of three sub-branches, namely, Kwa, WestAtlantic and Adamawa. However, Benue-Congo has two sub-branches: Cross-River and Bantoid.2 a The Arabic language belongs to the Semitic family of languages. It is relative of the South-West Semitic branch that entails South Arabian and Ethiopian languages.3 The Arabic language was first introduced in to Nigeria through the Islamic faith and the Arab traders in the Northern part of the country in the ninth century A. D. when the Old Kanemi Empire was first introduced to Islam. According to Turkham as cited in Zakariya, Arabic at the initial stage was circumscribed to religious sphere in Nigeria due to its great affinity with Islam. The spread of Islam and the proliferation of the Quranic knowledge, coupled with the establishment of the religious statehood in Sokoto by Fulani Jihadists made Arabic gained enormous ground by the end of the nineteenth century. Today in Borno State, there is a sizeable ethno-linguistic minority population called Shuwa Arab whose mother tongue is Arabic. By implication, Arabic is one of the Nigerian languages. The fact that it is not given its due care in this country is regrettable.
ARABIC: THE MOST SPOKEN INDIGENOUS AFRICAN LANGUAGE IN THE CONTINENT
(Al-Nahda InternationalJournal Volume VI. No.2 December, 2024 = Rajab. 1446AH, 2021) Mohammad Kamel Ahmad, PhD
act: By: Mohammad Kamel Ahmad, PhD Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria mohammadkamelahmad65@gmail.com The number of languages natively spoken in the fifty four (54) African states is variously estimated at between 1,250 and 2,100, and by some counts at over 3000.2) These languages belong to many distinct language families. Of all these languages, five (5) are the most used by their speakers in terms of population within the African continent. The five are Arabic, Swahili, Hausa, Oromo, and Yoruba. Each of these languages is spoken by multiple African countries by small or large population. They are the leading African languages attested to by scholars and researchers and confirmed by different and rigorous studies conducted thus far.
Borrowing and Clipping as Means of Language Enrichment: A Study of Arabic Personal Names in Baatonum
(Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria, 2013) Ahmad, Aliyu Okuta
Borrowing and Clipping are two important and most common sources of new words in many languages. History has shown that languages have adopted and adapted lexical items and other linguistic elements from other languages; this being the consequence of cultural contact between speakers of the donor and receiving languages. Baatonum, as one of the minority languages in West Africa, through contact with different languages (English, French, Dendi, Hausa, and Yoruba) and with Islam has adopted a vast number of words from these languages and more significantly from Arabic. The advent of Islam among the ethnic entity in the name of Baatombu in the 16th century, and subsequent embracing of the faith by the people had opened the gate for Arabic terms including those concerning commerce, education, religion etc. to penetrate into Baatonum. The concern of this present study therefore is to examine the adoption and clipping of Arabic personal names in Baatonum and how these have contributed to the enrichment of the receiving language. The study adopts the Qualitative Descriptive Analysis in analyzing the data. The paper observes that, the adaptability of the source language on one hand, and the receptivity of the recipient on the other have both contributed to the large scale vocabularies of Arabic origin in Baatonum. The paper finally recommends that subsequent researchers do more studies in this aspect to reveal more personal names of Arabic origin in Baatonum.
Call for Peace and National Cohesion: Reading from Selected Arabic Literary Texts of Nigerian Authorship
(Journal of social sciences Democratic Arabic Center For Strategic, Political & Economic Studies, Germany-Berlin, 2025) Tajudeen Yusuf
Since the old age, Literature as a mirror of society and its development often explores themes of morality, compassion, unity and peaceful coexistence in human society. Through poems and proses, literature can convey ethical principles that promote and educate peaceful coexistence, respect for others, and harmonious social relationships. Using descriptive method, this paper attempt to explore the contributions of Arabic Literature of Nigerian Authorship in promoting national integration, harmony and peaceful co-existence among Nigerian citizen with diverse ethnics and constituencies; literary texts (Poetry) were selected in the works of three literary icons. The study explores from the different works how Arabic literature of Nigerian authorship has promoted the ideology of unity, harmony, peaceful co-existence in Nigeria through this very heterogeneous socio-political region. The results of the study reveals that many literary scholars have contributed, through their literary productions, to the promotion of national integration, harmony and peaceful co-existence among the people who speak a multitude of languages and have array of cultural diversities and practices. Keywords: Arabic, Literature, harmony, peaceful co-existence, Nigeria.
Communication Principles for peaceful Co-existence
(Department of Languages, Federal University, Kashere. Gombe , Nigeria, 2021) Tajudeen Yusuf
Ethics of Interpersonal Communication from Islamic Perspective
(KWASU Journal of Religious Studies, 2017) Tajudeen Yusuf
Globalisation of Business and Language Proficiency
(SCR London, 2013) Tajudeen Yusuf
Interdisciplinary Approaches to Arabic Language Learning: Enhancing Engagement and Global Competence
(Al-Ḍād Jo, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, 2024) Tajudeen Yusuf
This paper investigates the potential of interdisciplinary programs to enhance Arabic language learning by integrating it with disciplines such as business, international relations, and cultural studies. The study is grounded in empirical research conducted across several educational institutions where interdisciplinary approaches have been implemented. By analyzing quantitative data from student performance metrics, enrollment figures, and retention rates, alongside qualitative data from student and faculty interviews, the paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of these programs. The findings indicate that students enrolled in interdisciplinary Arabic programs exhibit higher engagement and improved language proficiency compared to those in traditional language courses. Furthermore, these programs have been shown to attract a more diverse student body, including those who may not have otherwise pursued Arabic studies. However, the research also identifies significant challenges, such as the complexity of curriculum design and the need for specialized faculty training. The paper concludes with recommendations for best practices in developing and sustaining successful interdisciplinary Arabic language programs, emphasizing the importance of strategic resource allocation, robust faculty collaboration, and targeted recruitment efforts. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on language education, offering a model for enhancing the relevance and accessibility of Arabic language learning in a globalized context. Keywords: Interdisciplinary Programs, Arabic Language Education, Student Engagement, Global Competence, Curriculum Design, Multidisciplinary Education
Language Borrowing and Semantic Change: A Study of Arabic Loanwords in Baatonum
(Department of Languages and Culture, Federal University, Gusau, 2024) Ahmad, Aliyu Okuta
Semantic change in language borrowing is a general phenomenon among living languages. When a language borrows lexical items from the other, some modifications occur, thus, affecting the meanings of some of the borrowed items. Scholars at different times have examined semantic change in loanwords across different languages. This current study investigates semantic change in Arabic loanwords within the Baatonum language. Through a comprehensive linguistic analysis, the study explores how Arabic loanwords have been incorporated into Baatonum, focusing on shifts in meaning and usage. The study identifies patterns of semantic transformation and sociocultural factors influencing the changes through analysis of a corpus Arabic loanwords. Adopting a qualitative case design, the study employs the native speaker intuition of the writer and interviews with fellow Baatonum speakers to gather nuanced insights into the semantic transformation of Arabic loanwords. Data for the study is collected a corpus of loan words collected by the author for a PhD dissertation. Findings have revealed that while some borrowed words have retained their original meanings, others undergo significant changes. This study is significant in the sense that it contributes to broader understanding of language contact phenomena and semantic evolution, highlighting the importance of native speaker perspectives in language research, as well as the dynamic interplay between languages in contact.
Linguistic Terrorism and Its Effects on Human Society: An Analytical Study
(Kwasu Journal of Humanities, Kwara State University, Malete, 2018) Tajudeen Yusuf
This paper presents an analytical study of a selected political/religious text from an Arab Newspaper (Arab Times of May 2007). It aims at addressing the role of language communication on human relationships especially to consolidate and enhance peaceful coexistence. The study employs interdisciplinary theories consist of systems analysis theory, pragmatic theory and communication theory and then applies them on some aggressive linguistic elements found in the selected text; some words that may affect peaceful coexistence and effective relationships among the individuals in human communities regardless of their believes, races and social classes are pinpointed and addressed .It has become apparent that the continued exploitation of Religion in nowadays by many politician Politics has become a tool of gaining their political desires. Peace is very important in order to avoid unnecessary conflicts that might hinder progress or even result in the loss of life. Efforts have been made by many organizations devoted to fostering peace within the domestic and global spheres. For example, organizations such as the Peace Corps emphasize the importance of understanding others in order to enrich life within the global community. However, the roles of language in consolidating peaceful coexistence in human societies can never be underestimated or underrated. Indeed, throughout history, many have reflected on the importance of language for it shapes thoughts and emotions, determining one’s perception of reality; it is also the light of the mind
Nativization of Arabic Loans in Baatonum
(Nigeria Association of Teachers of Arabic Language and Literature, 2013) Aliyu Okuta Ahmad
The contribution of Arabic language towards the development of many languages cannot be over emphasized. As one of the eight most widely spoken languages in the world (according UN report), Arabic has over the years been a major force in enriching the lexicons of several languages in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Many studies have been conducted on Arabic loan words in languages such as English, Spanish, Mandingo, Hausa, Yoruba, Fulfulde etc. This present paper focuses on the influence of Arabic on Baatonum language with particular emphasis to loan words. It also examines the level of nativization of the loan words in the recipient language. The study adopts the descriptive research method in analyzing the data which was collected from the authors experience as a native speaker of Baatonum in the course of interpersonal conversations with other native speakers. The findings from the study reveal that Baatonum has borrowed quite a number of Arabic lexical item which have since become part of Baatonum’s Lexicon. It also shows that most of the borrowed words have gone through certain phonological modifications since they must be pronounced to suit the linguistic pattern of the receiving language. The paper finally recommends that future researchers focus on Baatonum-Arabic linguistic relations to reveal more about the Arabic loans in Baatonum.
Nigerian Drama in Arabic: Between Indigenization and Performance
(Literary Society of Nigeria, 2013) Aliyu Okuta Ahmad
This paper is a study of Arabic drama in Nigeria, with particular emphasis on the extent of indigenization and performance of this aspect of literary production. Drama as a type of literature, received a lot of attention, starting from the classical Greek Tragedies to the plays of major dramatists such as William Shakespeare, Moliere, Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe and others. It is designed to ‘delight and instruct’ and written primarily to be performed. In ancient Arabic literature, drama is not known; it only appeared in modern Arabic literature during the second half of the nineteenth century as a result of the strong relationship between Arabic and European literatures. During the periods that preceded the advent of drama among the Arabs, poetry and prose flourished. The situation is not different in Nigeria as Arabic drama of Nigerian authorship appeared much later in this current century. The past ten centuries (1000-1999) witnessed remarkable contribution by Nigerians to Arabic literature in the areas of poetry and prose. Today, while reading through Arabic dramas of Nigerian authorship, one quickly guesses that the play is Nigerian, as a mental picture of the Nigerian society comes vivid; but whether or not Arabic drama in Nigeria is fully indigenized and serves its purpose, is the area of contention of this paper. It argues that much has not been done in the area of performance, thereby literary genre.
Nonverbal Communication and its Effects on Human Relations: An Analysis from Surah Luqman
(QiST: Journal of Quran and Tafseer Studies, 2025) Tajudeen Yusuf
Northernism in Abdul-Azeez Al-Yāqūtī’s ‘cAbarātul-Amal’ (Tears of Hope)
(Kwara State University Press, 2017) Northernism in Abdul-Azeez Al-Yāqūtī’s ‘cAbarātul-Amal’ (Tears of Hope)
Northern Nigeria as a geopolitical entity is made up of people of diverse ethnic affiliations with socio-cultural and linguistic backgrounds; yet they have identified themselves with particular values and norms. The concept, ‘Northernism’ therefore depicts identities, positive values, norms and culture of Northern Nigeria. It has been observed that novelists and literary critics from this part of the country have shown little interest or concern about expressing Northernism (Arewa) values and norms in their works. This paper therefore attempts to survey this concept in ‘cAbarātul-‘Amal (Tears of Hope)’: a story about ‘Nacīm’ who lived in Ilorin, one of the minority Northern environments, written by Abdul-Azeez Muhammad Salmān Al-Yāqūtī. The paper will further prove how literature could be used to express the socio-cultural ideology of a people with particular reference to Northern Nigeria. To achieve these, the paper will examine the concepts of ideology, Northernism and literary expressions. It also gives an insight of the story and studies Northern values and norms as expressed by the writer, then the conclusion.
Politeness in Arabic and Yoruba: Personal Pronouns as a Case Study
(Asian Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, 2022) Tajudeen Yusuf
Politeness as social rule which consolidates interpersonal communication and effective interactions in human society exists in all cultures and languages, however, the specific language and communication strategies that are employed to speak in a language may not work as well in other languages. One can use a wide range of grammatical structures, have a large vocabulary, and have a clear, understandable pronunciation. However, when speaking in a second or foreign language, one may not appear to achieve the desired outcomes. Perhaps the speaker lacks the cultural knowledge of the target language to demonstrate linguistic etiquette, resulting in overly direct discourse. Using descriptive and contrastive methods, this paper addresses linguistic politeness in using personal pronouns in both Arabic and Yoruba languages; it gives an insight into the similarities and differences that exist in the politeness culture of the Yoruba and Arabic languages. The study reveals that while both languages have some similarities in subcategories of personal pronouns, the areas of dissimilarity are obvious. A special focus is given to the use of honorific pronoun.
POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN THE QUR’AN AS MODEL FOR INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP: THE CASE OF NIGERIA
(Centre for Quranic Research, University of Malaya, Malaysia, 2021) Aliyu Okuta Ahmad
This study focuses on linguistic politeness strategies in the Muslims’ scripture, the holy Quran as a divine revelation and complete guidance for mankind. The study aims at investigating politeness strategies in the Qur’an and how such strategies can effectively enhance interpersonal relationships among speech participants; thereby answering the question: “of what extent will the application of Qur’anic politeness strategies help in creating harmonious relationship within human societies?” The study extracted some politeness strategies from some verses of the holy Qur’an and analyzed them, using the Qualitative Content Analysis Method, while relating each strategy to Leech’s Maxims of Interaction. Nigeria as a multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-cultural society has since independence experienced series and still experiencing scores of violence, rioting and conflicts, instigated greatly by unguarded speech acts or impoliteness. The findings of the paper reveal that the Qur’anic politeness strategies provide the basic ingredients for interpersonal relationship and good neighborliness, regardless of race, color or religion. The paper finally recommends that future studies should unravel more rules and strategies of politeness in the holy Qur’an, since the issue of politeness studies in this book is not yet exhausted.
Pragmatic Trends in Arabic Linguistic Heritage
(Journal of Arabic Linguistics Tradition, 2009)
Upon examining Arabic grammatical and linguistic works, it becomes apparent that some Arab linguists haad addressed what is known in modern linguistics as "Pragmatics".
Rudimental Principles of Interaction in the Holy Qur’an:Surah Al-Hujraat as Case Study
(Humas, Dokumentasi & Publikasi of Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, 2022) Yusuf, Tajudeen & Ahmed, Aliyu Okuta
The way in which people interact and address one another is crucial to expressing their social relationship; it encodes the relationship between interlocutors and reflects cultural values. Proper use of words in addressing a fellow or people strengthens peaceful coexistence among individuals and groups within and outside a given cultural setting. On the contrary, the unguarded use of words has been the primary cause of conflicts and disharmony around the world. The Holy Qur’an, as a divine revelation and guide from the Almighty, advocates good social relationships through speech and encourages respect for individual differences through words. At the same time, it warns against aggressive and unhealthy language. This present study examines the principles of communication and interaction contained in Surah Al-Hujraat (Qur’an, chapter 49) as a tool for a peaceful and harmonious relationship among individuals and groups. The study adopts the qualitative content analysis approach to analyze the chapter’s extracted verses. The findings of the study reveal that the chapter provides some rudimental principles of interaction that promote the language of respect, and peaceful communication among individuals and groups in the society that enhance interpersonal relationships, regardless of race, color, rank, or tribe.

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