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Investigation on the hydrocarbon utilization potential of Pseudomonas putrefaciens, Bacillus stearothermophilus and Streptococcus faecium isolated from crude oil contaminated soil
(PELAGIA RESEARCH LIBRARY, 2011-12-19) Opasola, O.A , Adewoye S.O, Adewoye A.O and Bolaji A.S.
The biodegradation potential of Pseudomonas putrefaciens, Bacillus stearothermophilus and Streptococcus faecium isolated from crude oil contaminated soil was investigated in this study. The 3 bacteria strains were inoculated into crude oil supplemented with Mineral Salt Medium and incubated at 37o C for 25 days. The results obtained showed that P. putrefaciens, B. stearothermophilus and S. faecium were able to degrade 70%, 58% and 48% at the end of 25 days of incubation respectively. IR analysis of the residual crude oil was done, the results obtained showed that the bacteria strains have exerted microbial action on the crude oil. The results obtained from IR analysis revealed 17 bands, 16 bands and 12 bands for P. putrefaciens, B. stearothermophilus and S. faecium respectively, while control had 10 bands. This is an indication that the bacteria strains have modified the crude oil constituents. P. putrefaciens had highest percentage of degradation compare to the other two bacteria. The order of degradation was as follows P. putrefaciens > B. stearothermophilus > S. faecium. This study showed that the bacteria strains used in this study could be relevant in the bioremediation of ecosystem that may be contaminated with hydrocarbons.
EFFECT OF SUBLETHAL CONCENTRATION OF SHEA BUTTER EFFLUENT ON THE ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT OF SELECTED ORGANS OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS
(TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. International Journal of Zoology and Research (IJZR), 2013-08-10) ADEWOYE S. O, ADEDIGBA A. E & OPASOLA O. A
ABSTRACT Post Juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were exposed to sublethal concentrations of shea butter effluent (0.003, 0.005, 0.007, 0.009 and 0.011 ppt) for 96 hours (acute) and 14 days (chronic). Control fish were maintained for the same periods in clean water devoid of shea butter effluent. Liver, Gill, Heart, Kidney and muscle samples from 3 fish were prepared for histological analysis and examined for alterations. Alterations in the Liver, Gill, Heart, Kidney and muscle of fish exposed to shea butter effluent were semi-quantitatively ranked based on the severity of tissue lesions and comparisons were made with fish in the control groups. Fish of the control groups exhibited functionally normal Liver, Gill, Heart, Kidney and muscle. Histopathology of the organs; Liver, Gill, Heart, Kidney and muscle after 14days exposure revealed; congestion of central vein of varying degrees and distortion of hepatocytes in liver, inflamed and degenerated renal corpuscles in kidney, poor and degenerated gill filaments, distorted, irregular and fragmented muscle fibres coupled with distorted muscle fibres, irregular interfibre spaces and areas of inflammatory changes in the heart.
STUDIES ON METAL- RESISTANT BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SPENT- ENGINE OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL, IN OGBOMOSO, OYO STATE, NIGERIA.
(International Journal of Research in Environmental Science and Technology Universal Research Publications., 2015-05-20) OPASOLA O.A, SAWYERR, H. O.BOLAJI A.S, IROMINI F.A,AKANDE I.O,FEMI-ADEPOJU, A.G, ADEPOJU, A. O, FATUKASI B.A. AND ODENIYI M.A
This study was carried out to establish the relationship between hydrocarbon utilization potential and heavy metal tolerance in bacteria species. Nineteen bacteria species were isolated from soil samples collected from four (4) automobile repair workshops in Ogbomosho, Oyo state Nigeria.The bacteria isolated were identified to be Klebsiella oxytoca(5), Klebsiella edwardsii(13)and Shigella alcalescens(1). Metal tolerance assay revealed that Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella edwardsii and Shigella alcalescens have the ability to grow in the presence of Zncl2, Pbcl2 and CuSO4. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the metal salts ranged from 1mM to >16mM for Pbcl2, 2mM to >16mM for Zncl2 and 8mM to >24 for CuSO4. The ability of the bacteria strains to utilize hydrocarbons was also investigated by measuring the optical density of the strains in minimal salt mediumsupplemented crude oil at 625nm. The results showed that there is relationship between hydrocarbon utilization and heavy metal tolerance among the bacteria. Keywords:
Antimycotic and phytochemical screening of the fruit pulp extract of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) on Can-dida albicans
(JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS., 2016-03-13) MAJEKODUNMI RACHEAL ADEDAYO; SHOLA KOLA BABATUNDE; ADEYINKA ELIZABETH AJIBOYE; LATEEF MODUPE HABEEB
Objective: To determine the antimycotic potency of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of the fruit pulp of Tamarindus indica on human pathogenic Candida al-bicans. Methods: The disk diffusion method was employed to check for the antimycotic potency of extracts while qualitative and quantitative analysis of some phyto-chemical constituents was carried out following stand-ard methods. Results: The fruit pulp extracts were effective against the organism at 475 and 485 mg/ml in the aqueous and ethanolic extract respectively. The same concentration served as the Minimum Inhibitory and Minimum Fun-gicidal Concentration (MIC and MCC) in both extracts. The extracts were also subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis. Alkaloids, tan-nins and reducing sugars were found in the ethanol ex-tract while in the aqueous extract glycosides, saponins and reducing sugars were discovered to be present. Conclusions: The study indicated that aqueous and eth-anolic extracts of the fruit pulp of T. indica can be a potential source of antimycotic agent to combat the challenge of the emergence of drug-resistance in Can-dida albicans and the need to produce more effective antimicrobial agents.
Can Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Occur In Automated Teller Machines In Ilorin Metropolis?
(2017) Opasola O.A; Iyanda Y.A.; Sawyerr H.O; Adewoye S.O; AbdulRahman H; Dauda K. A. & 2Onifade I. A.
The rise of multiple resistance bacteria among the pathogenic bacterial community is becoming a serious threat to public health most especially those contaminating environmental surfaces like the surface of Automated Teller Machine (ATM). This study was carried out in other to evaluate the prevalence of microbial contamination with its antibiotic resistance on automated teller machine and to elucidate its implications on the users of ATM. Twelve samples were collected from different ATM centers including the ATM at Kwara State General Hospital, Al-Hiqma University and the only ATM located around the busy part of Garin Alimi along Asa dam, Ilorin. Based on standard microbiological methods, the distribution of these organisms shows that 28.6% of the isolated organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11.9% were Proteus vulgaris, 38.1% were Morganella morgani, 19.0% were Klebsiella edwardsii, and 2.4% were Proteus mirabilis. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all the isolated organisms (100%) were resistance to septrin and 80% of all the organisms were resistance to chloramphenicol, amoxacillin, augmentin and Pefloxacin. From this study, it can be concluded that there is heavy bacterial contamination of ATM surfaces with bacteria that are resistant to commonly used antibiotics in human medicine, therefore, there is urgent need for frequent disinfection of ATM machines and its accessories along with periodical microbiological surveillance.
Purification and Partial Characterization of Cellulase Produced by Aspergillus niger Cultured on Vitellaria paradoxa shells
(A publication of College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria., 2017-06-20) Sulyman A. O, Iyanda A. Y, Opasola O. A, Adedayo O, Aladodo, R. A, Balogun A, 1Ajibola O. A, Olukotun O. Z and Hammed B. A
This research investigated the purification and partial characterization of cellulase produced by Aspergillus niger cultured on Vitellaria paradoxa shells. Cellulase (endoglucanase) from A. niger was produced under optimum fermentation conditions at 35 °C, pH 4.7, V. paradoxa, 4 g/L, inoculum size of 10 mm and the fermentation media incubated for 120 hours. The crude endoglucanase obtained were partially purified by subjecting to ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis and gel filtration chromatography for further purification. The effect of temperature and pH on the activity of purified endoglucanase was determined. Cellulase was purified to 734.33 folds by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography with a specific activity and yield of 4.406 U/mg and 63.03% respectively. Fractions 4 and 7 contained the highest endoglucanase activity out of 18 fractions collected and the two fractions were pooled for further analysis. The activity of purified endoglucanase was optimum at a temperature of 40 °C and pH 5. Therefore, the purified endoglucanase produced may be explored in detergent industry.
Can Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Occur In Automated Teller Machines In Ilorin Metropolis?
(SEAHI PUBLICATIONS: International Journal of Innovative Biochemistry & Microbiology Research, 2017-12-23) Opasola O.A; Iyanda Y.A.; Sawyerr H.O; Adewoye S.O; AbdulRahman H; Dauda K. A. and Onifade I. A.
The rise of multiple resistance bacteria among the pathogenic bacterial community is becoming a serious threat to public health most especially those contaminating environmental surfaces like the surface of Automated Teller Machine (ATM). This study was carried out in other to evaluate the prevalence of microbial contamination with its antibiotic resistance on automated teller machine and to elucidate its implications on the users of ATM. Twelve samples were collected from different ATM centers including the ATM at Kwara State General Hospital, Al-Hiqma University and the only ATM located around the busy part of Garin Alimi along Asa dam, Ilorin. Based on standard microbiological methods, the distribution of these organisms shows that 28.6% of the isolated organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11.9% were Proteus vulgaris, 38.1% were Morganella morgani, 19.0% were Klebsiella edwardsii, and 2.4% were Proteus mirabilis. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all the isolated organisms (100%) were resistance to septrin and 80% of all the organisms were resistance to chloramphenicol, amoxacillin, augmentin and Pefloxacin. From this study, it can be concluded that there is heavy bacterial contamination of ATM surfaces with bacteria that are resistant to commonly used antibiotics in human medicine, therefore, there is urgent need for frequent disinfection of ATM machines and its accessories along with periodical microbiological surveillance.
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (Haccp) Assessment of Regulated Premises: An Assessment of Standard Hotels in Ilorin Metropolis
(Science Publishing Group, 2018-06-12) Habeeb Modupe Lateefat; Henry O. Sawyerr; Alabede Mubarakat; Abdulrauf Olanrewaju Yusuf; Adiama Babatunde Yusuf; Olaniyi Opasola; Adeolu Adedotun; Usman Suleiman
Abstract: Food safety issues in developing countries are mostly centered on illnesses that are linked to poor hygiene but food hygiene in hotels remains an area of concern. Hospitality Industries are known to provide food, drink or accommodation to people who are away from home. Food poisoning can arise from public eating places like hotels and restaurants as a result unhygienic food preparation. The purpose of the study was to assess the HACCP compliance of standard hotels in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara state. Purposive sampling was used with laboratory component carried out in five standard hotels in Ilorin metropolis and the hotels with alphabets. Data were obtained through on-site observation using checklist and face to face interview.15 food samples (fried rice, white rice), 12 hand swab samples and 7 seven water samples were collected to determine the hygienic level of the food. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the results were presented using charts and tables. Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were isolated in various foods, water and hand swab. The total viable count was below 105CFU/g in all the seventeen (17) samples with 1.71 – 86.82 x 102 CFU in food, 1.65 – 12.2 x 102 CFU in hand swab and 10.63 23x102 CFU in water samples. From the findings, the food samples found to be within the marginal aerobic colony count limits according to the International Commission for Microbiological Specification for Foods (ICSMF, 1978). This implies that, though the food samples were within limits of acceptable microbiological quality, there might have been possible hygiene problems either in the preparation of the food or in handling of the food. From the checklist, it was revealed that majority (95%) of the hotels (B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) did not meet the HACCP requirement. The study revealed that the concept of HACCP was not understood and that this could be impacting on the general food hygiene standards and food-handling practices of personnel. Therefore, there is need to implement HACCP system to prevent food poisoning outbreaks and the hotels can easily adapt the strategy only if law enforcers could put strict monitoring in place.
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (Haccp) Assessment of Regulated Premises: An Assessment of Standard Hotels in Ilorin Metropolis
(Science Publishing Group, 2018-06-12) Habeeb Modupe Lateefat; Henry O. Sawyerr; Alabede Mubarakat; Abdulrauf Olanrewaju Yusuf; Adiama Babatunde Yusuf; Olaniyi Opasola; Adeolu Adedotun; Usman Suleiman
Food safety issues in developing countries are mostly centered on illnesses that are linked to poor hygiene but food hygiene in hotels remains an area of concern. Hospitality Industries are known to provide food, drink or accommodation to people who are away from home. Food poisoning can arise from public eating places like hotels and restaurants as a result unhygienic food preparation. The purpose of the study was to assess the HACCP compliance of standard hotels in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara state. Purposive sampling was used with laboratory component carried out in five standard hotels in Ilorin metropolis and the hotels with alphabets. Data were obtained through on-site observation using checklist and face to face interview.15 food samples (fried rice, white rice), 12 hand swab samples and 7 seven water samples were collected to determine the hygienic level of the food. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the results were presented using charts and tables. Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were isolated in various foods, water and hand swab. The total viable count was below 105 CFU/g in all the seventeen (17) samples with 1.71 – 86.82 x 102 CFU in food, 1.65 – 12.2 x 102 CFU in hand swab and 10.63 23x102CFU in water samples. From the findings, the food samples found to be within the marginal aerobic colony count limits according to the International Commission for Microbiological Specification for Foods (ICSMF, 1978). This implies that, though the food samples were within limits of acceptable microbiological quality, there might have been possible hygiene problems either in the preparation of the food or in handling of the food. From the checklist, it was revealed that majority (95%) of the hotels (B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) did not meet the HACCP requirement. The study revealed that the concept of HACCP was not understood and that this could be impacting on the general food hygiene standards and food-handling practices of personnel. Therefore, there is need to implement HACCP system to prevent food poisoning outbreaks and the hotels can easily adapt the strategy only if law enforcers could put strict monitoring in place.
Spatial Assessment of Hygiene and Sanitation Facilities of Unregulated Premises in Traditional Settlement of Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria
(Science Publishing Group, 2018-07-18) Adiama Babatunde Yusuf; Henry Olawale Sawyerr; Alabede Iyabo Mubarakat; Habeeb Modupe Lateefat; Shehu Usman Mohammmed; Yusuf Olarewaju Rauf
Housing is one of the most important basic necessities of mankind which is known to tremendously affect human health and well-being. Water and sanitation projects are synergistic in producing health effects. The WHO estimates that 5.5% of the global disease burden is due to inadequate water and sanitation, while the duo is believed to be responsible for 88% of the 4 billion diarrheal cases, and the resultant 1.8 million deaths. This study examined the state of sanitation facilities and hygiene in traditional settlement of Ilorin community in Kwara state, Nigeria. The study was based on cross sectional descriptive design involving household head in core Ilorin metropolis. A semi-structured questionnaires and Observational checklist were distributed to three hundred and thirty (330) randomly selected household heads. The data was analyzed for descriptive and inferential at 5% level of significant. Informed consent was obtained. The mean age of respondents were 48 ± 11.77years. Majority (42.7%) of respondents occupied tenement type and 20% occupied traditional compound. Most (68.5%) of respondents had sanitation facilities but only (35.4%) were hygienic. Almost (92.1%) of respondents experienced malaria and 77.7% also reported to have experienced cholera as health hazard associated with insanitary housing. Findings from this study indicated that family size, inspection of premises in the last one month, average monthly income and level of education influenced the sanitary status among the respondents (p<0.05). The availability of sanitation facility in the study area was appreciably high 68.5% but not hygienic.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Compliance to Standard Safety Precautions among Scavengers in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria
(J/ H&P, 2018-07-25) Rauf O. Yusuf; Henry O. Sawyerr; Adedotun T Adeolu; Lateefat M. Habeeb,; Tawakalitu T. Abolayo
Background. Scavengers, due to the nature of their work, are at risk of various occupational hazards while sorting for materials for recycling and sale. They are exposed to blood borne infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection from injuries from sharps and contact with discarded materials due to non-compliance with standard precautions. Objective. The present study assessed the prevalence of HBV and compliance with safety precautions among scavengers in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 236 scavengers (comprised of scavengers dealing with biomedical wastes and those that were not) using structured questionnaires during the first stage of the study and a second testing stage. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0 for descriptive and inferential statistics at a 5% level of significance. Results. The prevalence of HBV infection among the scavengers was found to be 17.4%, indicating that scavengers are at high risk of HBV infection. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of HBV among scavengers that handled biomedical wastes and those that did not. The majority of the scavengers (74.2%) did not have knowledge of or use standard precautions such as personal protective equipment (PPE). The level of injuries was considerably high and the treatment of injuries among scavengers illustrated their lack of awareness of the hazards involved in their occupations, as the majority of respondents (51.3%) engaged in self-treatment of occupational injuries. Conclusions. The probable pathway for virus transmission was waste handling, especially bio-medical waste, which is mostly handled with bare hands without standard safety precautions. Vaccination against HBV, proper personal hygiene practices, regular training in occupational safety, monitoring by regulatory agencies and inclusion of scavengers in a mandatory health insurance scheme are recommended to control the risk of HBV infection among scavengers.
Spatial Assessment of Hygiene and Sanitation Facilities of Unregulated Premises in Traditional Settlement of Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria
(Science Publishing Group, 2018-08-18) Adiama Babatunde Yusuf; Henry Olawale Sawyerr; Alabede Iyabo Mubarakat; Habeeb Modupe Lateefat; Shehu Usman Mohammmed; Yusuf Olarewaju Rauf
Housing is one of the most important basic necessities of mankind which is known to tremendously affect human health and well-being. Water and sanitation projects are synergistic in producing health effects. The WHO estimates that 5.5% of the global disease burden is due to inadequate water and sanitation, while the duo is believed to be responsible for 88% of the 4 billion diarrheal cases, and the resultant 1.8 million deaths. This study examined the state of sanitation facilities and hygiene in traditional settlement of Ilorin community in Kwara state, Nigeria. The study was based on cross sectional descriptive design involving household head in core Ilorin metropolis. A semi-structured questionnaires and Observational checklist were distributed to three hundred and thirty (330) randomly selected household heads. The data was analyzed for descriptive and inferential at 5% level of significant. Informed consent was obtained. The mean age of respondents were 48 ± 11.77years. Majority (42.7%) of respondents occupied tenement type and 20% occupied traditional compound. Most (68.5%) of respondents had sanitation facilities but only (35.4%) were hygienic. Almost (92.1%) of respondents experienced malaria and 77.7% also reported to have experienced cholera as health hazard associated with insanitary housing. Findings from this study indicated that family size, inspection of premises in the last one month, average monthly income and level of education influenced the sanitary status among the respondents (p<0.05). The availability of sanitation facility in the study area was appreciably high 68.5% but not hygienic.
Histological Response of Clariasgariepinus to Varying Concentrations of Pharmaceutical Effluents
(Annual Research & Review in Biology, 2019-01-13) Akinpelu, A. T., Akinloye, O. M., Olayinka, A. S., Opasola, O. A., Stephen, O. A., and Oluwaseun, O. T.
For the past few decades, environmental pollution is considered a major global problem for public health and this problem has continued to impact aquatic environment. Pharmaceutical discharges are major sources of pollution that poses serious threat to aquatic animals like fish, therefore, this work aimed at evaluating the histological architecture of the gill tissues of Clarias gariepinus on exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of pharmaceutical effluents using standard laboratory procedure. The physicochemical characteristics of the pharmaceutical effluent used revealed varied level of deviations from World Health Organization standard for waste discharge into any Original Research Article Akinpelu et al.; ARRB, 35(4): 68-75, 2020; Article no.ARRB.49531 69 categories of water bodies. The histological studies of the sectioned gills of the exposed fish showed varied level of histological alterations which are concentrations dependent. The observed histopathological lesions recorded include infiltration of secondary lamellae, inter-lamellae hyper plastic lesion, and oedema, congestion of the blood vessels, epithelial thickening and lifting, and necrosis of various degrees. All the fish held in the control stock showed inappreciable or no histological degradation and their staining patterns and cellular arrangement remained unaffected and this showed that even low concentration of such effluent is enough to induce physiological imbalances in aquatic organisms. The degrees of all these recorded anomalies were concentration dependent. Therefore, indiscriminate disposal of this effluent is detrimental to aquatic community and to combat this, strict compliance of the laws with total vigilance against illegal discharge of effluent should be enacted and enforced.
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals by Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish) in Asa River, Ilorin, Kwara State
(Pure Earth: Journal of Health and Pollution, 2019-03-22) Opasola, O.A, Adeolu, A.T, Iyanda, A.Y, Adewoye, S.O and Olawale, S.A
Background. Harmful wastes and other dangerous industrial by-products constitute major sources of environmental pollutants in Nigeria. Industrial pollutants discharged into the environment contain organic and inorganic pollutants in dissolved, suspended and insoluble forms. Fishes are known for their innate potential to bioaccumulate heavy metals in their muscles and various organs. Objectives. The present study aimed to assess the bioaccumulation status of heavy metals in selected organs and tissues of African catfish in Asa River, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Methods. Three sampling points (A (upstream), B (point of discharge) and C (downstream)) were selected in relation to industrial effluents that enter the river. African catfish were randomly harvested from each site using fishing nets at the three sampling points. The samples were digested and subjected to atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis. Statistical analysis of data was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare data among sites and organs. Results. The present study found that the bioaccumulation level of heavy metals in selected organs and tissues of African catfish in Asa River, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria was very high and the level of accumulation of heavy metals increased downstream. Accumulations were much higher during the dry season (especially in the month of February) and relatively low during the peak of the rainy season. Conclusions. Heavy metals at elevated levels in the aquatic environment can accumulate in fish tissues and organ, and therefore fish from the Asa River are not fit for human consumption.
Assessment of Impact of National Home Grown School Feeding Programme on The Academic Performance Of Pupils In Selected Primary Schools, Orire Local Government, Oyo State.
(IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT), 2020-06-12) Mubarakat Iyabode Alabede; Henry Olawale Sawyerr; Mercy Itunu Ogunruku; Adiama Babatunde Yusuf
Background: Hunger during school may prevent children from benefiting from education. Although many countries have implemented school feeding programs, school-feeding programs are popular development assistance programs in both developed and developing countries, but have previously had few sound, empirical assessment and analyses of their effectiveness on academic performance in most developing countries like Nigeria. The study assessed the National Home Grown School Feeding Programme of primary school pupils in Oyo State, Nigeria. It was done with a view to determine its impacts on academic achievement of the pupils as well as the impact of the programme on the attendance of pupils and learning environment of the selected schools, the study also elicit the limitations of the programme in implementation. Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive research design and obtained data through a structured questionnaire and checklist administered in 30 randomly selected schools in Orire Local Government of Oyo state. The retrieved data were analyzed using a descriptive statistics, chi-square. Results: The results showed that 10% out of the 88 students that were Poor academically before the pogramme 10.2% remained Poor, 9.1% moved to Below Average while 42% moved to Good in their academic also, out of the 30 pupils that were below average before the school feeding programme started 6.7% dropped to Poor,13.3% remained in the level of Below Average, 30% moved to Average, 23.3% improved in their academic to Good and 16.7% excellent. Also ,in the result showing the effect of the programme on attendance, 508 pupils were regular before and 93.7% f the regular ones remained regular and out of the 242% that were irregular before the programme 88.8% of them became regular. Conclusion: Generally, the research reveals that the school feeding programme has more impact on attendance than on academic achievement of pupils.
An Appraisal of Knowledge of Pesticide Management Among Grains Traders in Major Commercial Markets in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria
(SEAHI PUBLICATIONS, 2020-10-21) Oguntade Adesola Saheed; Sawyerr Henry Olawale; Adiama Babatunde Yusuf; Dauda Kazeem Adesina; Ayinla Latifat Olajumoke
Pesticides provide protection to grains against destructive pests but its residues or metabolites has been linked to various health challenges. Its lipophilic nature and consumption of food with residue results into the accumulation of the residues beyond the level the body can handle which leads to gradual deterioration of health and eventual emergence of disease state. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of pesticide management by grains traders as well as the perception of the traders on pesticide usage in the study area. 120 Questionnaires were distributed to volunteered traders from three (3) majormarkets in Ilorin Kwara State with Mandate Market as reference category. All the questionnaires wererecovered (100%) and Statistical analysis was performed using Multinomial Logistics and Latent Class Analysis. From the result obtained through the statistical analysis , Oja Oba recorded a p-value of 0.03 while Ipata market has a p-value of 0.009 being less than that of the reference category (Mandate) at which indicated majority of grain traders at Major Market in Ilorin have knowledge of pest management. Majority of the respondents were also found to be persistence in their perception on pesticide usage.
Involvement of Community-Based Associations towards Sustainable Settlement Infrastructure in Ilorin, Nigeria
(Construction and Human Settlements Management Journal, 2021) Kolawole A. SHITTU; Lekan SANNI; Ayobami Abayomi POPOOLA; Bamiji Micheal ADELEYE; Samuel MADEYESE; Olawale AKOGUN
To reduce the national housing deficit in Nigeria, numerous government housing estates were constructed and allocated for people to reside. Government housing estates in Nigeria are now characterized by gross discomfort due poor state of the infrastructures. This study appraised the involvement of Community-Based Organisation in the provision of infrastructural facilities in Mandate Housing Estate, Ilorin, Kwara State. Questionnaires were administered to officials of the Kwara State Housing Corporation and committee members of the Community-Based Organisations in the estate. Findings reveal that communal involvement led to the provision of culverts, parking facility, walkway, and streetlight while the utilities and services provided by associations also include electric pole, electric transformers, waste disposal, deep-well, borehole, and security. The involvement strategies in community development projects by the associations include resource mobilization, special levy, physical participation, and payment of the regular levy. In contrast, factors influencing residents' participation in community projects include affordability to pay, the influence of neighbours and households, and the suitability of projects. Among the recommendations made for improved infrastructural facilities through community-based organisation are upgrading of amenities in the housing schemes, the connection of the schemes to public water mains, spatial control and review of developmental plan in the estates and housing schemes.
Water and Sanitation Infrastructure Access in Selected Rural Communities
(IGI Global, 2022) Samuel Medayese; Balikis Ajoke Ali; Ayobami Abayomi Popoola; Olamide Martins Olaniyan; Kolawole Adebayo Shittu; Bamiji Michael Adeleye; Taiwo Oladapo Babalola; Nunyi Vachaku Blamah; Ojoma Gloria Popoola; Omowumi Owoyemi-Medayese
Access to potable water and sanitation promotion is critical to public health and community development. The rural communities of Garatu and Gidanmangoro were selected for a comparative investigation of the challenges households faced in accessing water and sanitation facilities. The study used primary data collected through survey questionnaire administration. Findings revealed that many of the respondents are female. In Garatu, 79%, and Gidanmangoro, 56%, have access to boreholes, while no residents of the two communities have access to the pipe water. The results also indicated that only about 17% of respondents have access to a water closet facility. The study revealed that the challenges associated with access to water and sanitation facilities include slow pace of domestic and commercial activities, household children absence or lateness to school, water unaffordability, and social friction and quarrels resulting from the long queue at the water point. It is recommended that attention be placed upon potable water facilities to improve household access in rural communities.
Food for the Stomach Nourishing our Future: Assessment of Potassium Bromate in Local and Packaged Bread Sold in Ilorin Metropolis
(MEDWIN PUBLISHERS, 2022-02-09) Lateefat HM; Faith A; Yusuf AB; Raimi OM
Bread is an important food type created by cooking a batter of flour and water, possibly with other condiments. Potassium bromate is a flour improver that acts as an enhancer. It mostly operates in the late batter stage, energizing the mixture during late sealing and early baking. In Nigeria, the use of bromate in bread production was prohibited in 1993. Regardless, some bread manufacturers have continued to include potassium bromate in their products. Because of its widespread use, this analysis attempts to assess the concentration of Bromate in local and packaged breads sold in the Ilorin Metropolitan Area. It is cross-sectional descriptive research with laboratory analysis. A total of fifteen brands of breads were used in this study labeled as (A,B,C,D,G,J,O,K) as packaged bread and (E,I,L,M,N,E,H) as local bread. They were purchased randomly from bakeries, bus stops and markets in Ilorin, Kwara State Capital, and Nigeria. The bread was subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis of Potassium bromate in bread. The qualitative result revealed black spot on the samples indicating the presence of potassium bromate. Three of the bread samples (J, L and O) did not show any visible black spot while other bread samples have black spot. The quantitative amount of potassium bromates found in each bread sample showed that the quantity of potassium bromates found in the different bread sample is above Food and Drug Agency (FDA) recommended standards, which is 0.02μg/g (0.02mg/kg), with sample (M) having the highest concentration (0.62515) of potassium bromate, while sample (E) having the lowest concentration (0.42713) of potassium bromate. The outcome gotten from the research investigation actually inferred that consumer of bread sold in Ilorin are unaware of this harmful substance, notwithstanding a few existing enactments banning its utilization. The net cancer-causing impact of potassium bromate is accumulative, in this way consistency in consumption of bread with potassium bromate could prompt malignant growth over time. The principal issue in Nigeria is execution of the ban and immediate impacts are needed to abridge the utilization of this food poison.
Assessment of selected heavy metals concentration in twenty standard hotels in Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna state, Nigeria
(Innovative Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022-03-02) Habeeb Modupe Lateefat; Sawyerr Olawale Henry; Opasola Afolabi Olaniyi
The rise in contamination of raw foods by heavy metals has become an unavoidable problem nowadays. The episodes of accumulation of heavy metals in the biotic environment result from rapid increase in industrial activities, advancement in agricultural methods, or the activities of humans in the urban settings. These activities have prompted metal distribution in the environment and, subsequently, resulting to impairment in health of the populace by the ingestion of food contaminated by harmful metals components. The aim of this study was to assess the heavy metals concentrations and characterize the heavy metals found in raw food samples collected from selected standard hotels in Kaduna State and compare with the Food Agriculture and Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines so as to assess the potential health hazard. Twenty samples of rice and nine samples beans were obtained from 20 hotels within three-, four-, and five-star ratings with their purchase sources coded from hotel 1 to 20 for confidentiality. The powdered samples were digested with nitric acid. Extract from the digest was analyzed for Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) using Buck Scientific AAS. The results of this research indicated levels of HMs were within safe limit, when compared with FAO/WHO standard and concentrations are significantly low, as the heavy metals are the same across the samples at P-value set at 0.05. The results of this study indicated presence of the heavy metals (Copper, Cadmium, and Lead) in the samples but they were at safe levels when compared with the WHO standard. Despite these, one should not neglect the fact that the two metals (Cd and Pb) accumulate in the body over time because of consumption frequency of beans and rice. Bioaccumulation rate can pose serious health risk to consumers. Implementation of hazard analysis critical control point for routine assessment of heavy metals in food products to help eliminate of not exceed global standard for food safety should be practice.

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