Faculty of Pure and Applied Science

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    Assessment of Environmental Sanitation, Food Safety Knowledge, Handling Practice among Food Handlers of Bukateria Complexes in Iju Town, Akure North of Ondo-State, Nigeria
    (0001-09-19) ODIPE Oluwaseun Emmanuel, Morufu Olalekan Raimi, Deinkuro Sanchez Nimisingha, Aishat Funmilayo Abdulraheem, Edewor Okolosi-Patainnocent, Modupe Lateefat Habeeb and Fadeyibi Mary
    Background: Food safety has become one of the ten threats to global health in 2019 and the outbreaks of foodborne diseases are major public health problems and had caused approximately 76 million illness, 325,000 hospitalizations and 5000 deaths yearly. However, 20 - 40% of such illness is associated with the consumption of contaminated food where bukateria premises are the most frequently cited sources of sporadic and outbreak foodborne infection including WASH related diseases. The problem is more noticeable in developing countries due to prevailing poor food handling and sanitation practices, tokenistic and inadequate food safety laws, weak regulatory systems, lack of financial resources to invest on safer equipment’s, and lack of education for food handlers. Objectives: This study assesses the environmental sanitation status of complexes in Iju offering public ‘Bukataria’ services, in Akure North Local Government Area of Ondo State, South-West Nigeria. Materials and Method: Purposive sampling technique was used, 36 respondents from 16 bukarias was carried out from April 2013 to May 2013. Total number of bukateria was obtained from environmental health unit of Akure North Local Government. The proprietors and food handlers were selected by lottery method from each selected bukateria. Structured and pretested questionnaire was developed for the purpose of data collection after reviewing relevant literature and views of professionals in the area. Analyses was achieved with frequencies, Chi-square and other summary statistics, to assess food vendors knowledge on hygiene and environmental sanitation practices. Results: Chi-square test (P = 0.1, 0.01) revealed that respondents with higher form of education (about 72%) and catering training (6%) had better knowledge about food hygiene. Results also revealed that while 61% of the food vendors did not use aprons, only about half of those that used (39%) were neat.75% (12 out of 16) of the bukateria had facilities for safe storage of cooked food, while 56% kept neat kitchen and stores. Correspondingly, 31.3% of the bukateria were adequately ventilated while 75% kept neat restaurant. 46% have access to means of adequate sewage disposal. All Bukateria had access to both portable water and adequate refuse disposal system. Rodents (rats) and/or flies were absent in 75% of the bukateria visited. This study will have a significant input, in the formulation of appropriate strategy, to modify and facilitate the overall regulatory activity, for program planning and evaluation by environmental health officer. Conclusion: More needs to be done in the area of supportive supervision training, education, medical screening for food handlers and monitoring in order to further improve the wellbeing of the community. These therefore demonstrate the need for targeted sanitation interventions in our Bukateria in order to address the current inadequate or lack of progress.
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    Novel Biomimicry Techniques for Detecting Plant Diseases
    (Wiley online Library (Scrivener), 0001-09-23) Fadeyibi Adeshina, Fadeyibi Mary
    Biomimicry techniques (BmT) can be regarded as crop management concepts deployed for detecting, measuring, and responding to diseases during agricultural production. In this paper, various approaches of the BmT for the efficient management of unhealthy plants during preharvest and postharvest operations were reviewed. The remote sensors, machine vision, and robotics BmT approaches are mostly applied during preharvest operations for detecting plant diseases. Certain diseases, such as white-soft, gray-mold, and Sclerotium rots, may attack vegetables after harvest, thus requiring a high resolution BmT, like neural network and support vector machine to manage. To the best of our knowledge, this technology is mostly applied for protecting tropical and temperate fruits and vegetables but have not been tested for cereal and legume plants disease management. Also, the resulting image from the BmT can sometimes be misleading due to bad weather and other factors related to equipment performance. Thus, this study will help provide meaningful insights for the advancement of the technology on plant management practice during preharvest and postharvest processing and storage.
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    Biopreservation of Tomatoes Using Bacteriocin Produced by L. Plantarum SJC 103 and L. Apis Hbam1
    (0002)
    Several species of Lactobacillus have been known to produce an antimicrobial peptide known as bacteriocin, which are generally regarded as safe thus making them suitable as food additives a*nd thereby fulfilling consumers demand for chemical free food. The aim of the study was to produce bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum SJC103 and L. apis HBAM1 and use the bacteriocin produced as a biopresevative of tomatoes. Production of bacteriocin from both Lactobacillus species was performed using broth cultures of the selected isolate were centrifuged at 4000 rev/min for 1 hr and the supernatant which contained the was then decanted. The bacteriocin produced was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation. Microbial analysis was conducted on untreated tomatoes (control), tomatoes treated with bacteriocin, and Staphylococcus aureus infected tomatoes treated with bacteriocin and all were stored under the same conditions. The biopreservative potential of bacteriocin from both isolates produced a reduction in colony for the treated tomatoes with 1.10 x 107 cfu/g and 2.15 x 107 cfu/g for L. plantarum and L. apis respectively which were significantly reduced when compared with the S. aureus infected tomatoes with 9.25 x 107 cfu/g on day 10 of preservation. It was concluded that bacteriocin from Lactobacilli can be harnessed as a natural antibacterial in the preservation of tomatoes.
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    Perturbed Galerkin Method for Solving Integro- Differential Equations
    (Hindawi, 0002-04-15) K. Issa; J.Biazar; T.O. Agboola; T. Aliu
    In this paper, perturbed Galerkin method is proposed to find numerical solution of an integro-differential equations using fourth kind shifted Chebyshev polynomials as ba- sis functions which transform the integro-differential equation into a system of linear equations. The system of linear equations are then solved to obtain the approximate solution. Examples to justify the effectiveness and accuracy of the method are pre- sented and their numerical results are compared with Galerkin’s method, Taylor’s series method and Tau’s method which provide validation for the proposed approach. The errors obtained justify the effectiveness and accuracy of the method.
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    Ecological footprint for environmental sustainability in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria
    (International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, Oxford University Press, 0012-02-20) Fadeyibi Mary, Sawyerr Olawale Henry, and Salako Gabriel
    Ecological footprint (EF) is an indicator that accounts for human demand in the environment compared with the sizes of the bio-productive land and sea areas. This research was carried out to determine the EF for environmental sustainability in Ilorin Metropolis. Empirical surveying, which involved systematic random sample technique, was used to select residential households in each community for this investigation. The EF indicators, which include food, energy and waste consumptions, were determined empirically. The bio capacity (BC),ecologicalstressanddeficitweredetermined,fromthelandusedasenvironmentalsustainable areas in Ilorin, using Google Earth Mapping. The results revealed that energy has the highest EF of 44%, followed bywasteandfoodwiththefootprintof25%and5%,respectively.Adeficitof38%wasobtained,and this requires eight times the BC to balance the EF of the population. This implies that people are consuming more of the energy and generating more wastes than they consumed food.
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    APPLICATION OF MAIZE STARCH-PEANUT SHELL NANOCOMPOSITE PACKAGING ON MUSHROOM UNDER VARYING MOISTURE, THICKNESS, AND COLD STORAGE
    (Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology and Food Sciences; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, 0012-12-23) Fadeyibi Adeshina, Kehinde Peter Alabi, Fadeyibi Mary
    In this research, a maize starch-peanut shell nanocomposite film was applied to package mushroom under varying moisture, thickness, and cold temperature conditions. The film was developed by congealing 18 g starch, 0.38 g peanut nanoparticles, 16 g glycerol in 300 ml distilled water at 70oC, and its thermal, mechanical, barrier and microstructural behaviors were determined using standard methods. The film was applied to package oyster mushroom by varying the thickness (5– 10 mm) and moisture content (77.18 –91.14 %, wb) of the product, and thereafter storing it under 4– 8 oC cold temperature condition. The results revealed ~ 5% weight fraction degradation at ≤ 310 oC with endothermic peaks occurring at 250 oC and 400 oC, which corresponds to phase transition points where the film was thermally stable. The deformation pattern of the film at atomic level mimics a natural plastic material, with a heterogeneous particle size distribution across the film matrix. The permeability coefficients were 0.68× 10-10, 2.10× 10-10 and 14.0× 10-10 cm3 (STP) cm/cm2scm Hg for nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon-dioxide, gases, respectively. Also, the microbial load of the packaged product significantly decreased with an increase pH, moisture, and temperature (p< 0.05). Thus, the film can be suitable for mushroom packaging.
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    COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DISINFECTANT EFFECTIVENESS ON CLINICAL BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A DISK DIFFUSION STUDY
    (Applied Environmental Bioscience and Public Health Research Group,University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, 0030-12-24) Fadeyibi, Mary, Sawyerr, Olawale Henry, Opasola, A O. & Ishola, O. A
    This study aimed to assess the efficacy of various disinfectants on clinical bacterial isolates with a focus on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The clinical isolates were subjected to testing with four disinfectants: Phenols, Formaldehyde, Sodium hypochlorite, and Ethyl alcohol, utilizing the disk-diffusion method. Pathogenic bacteria pose a significant threat, capable of inducing a range of symptoms that can vary from mild to severe and potentially life-threatening, affecting both individuals and other organisms. The widespread use of disinfectants to mitigate microbial growth on inanimate objects highlights the importance of understanding their effectiveness. Formaldehyde emerged as the most effective disinfectant, exhibiting a 92% susceptibility pattern, while Phenol demonstrated an 8% susceptibility. In contrast, sodium hypochlorite and ethyl alcohol presented no area of inhibition against any of the clinical bacterial isolates. Specific susceptibility patterns were observed, with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, proving susceptible to Formaldehyde at rates of 41%, 32%, and 27%, respectively. Conversely, Klebsiella pneumonia demonstrated resistance to Formaldehyde. These findings highlight the variable efficiency of the tested disinfectants. Given the superior efficacy of Formaldehyde against the bacterial isolates, routine testing of disinfectants is recommended to ensure their effectiveness against pathogenic microorganisms.
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    Toxicological implications of crude alkaloidal fraction from Cnestis ferruginea D.C root on liver function indices of male Wistar rats
    (2009) TG Atere and AT Ajao
    The crude alkaloidal fraction of Cnestis ferruginea D.C root was evaluated for its effect on the liver function indices of Wistar rats. Prior to the evaluation, the LD50 of oral route was established which is 27 mg/kg body weight. For the sub-acute toxicity studies, albino rats were grouped into four (A-D). Groups A, B and C were orally administered with 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg body weight of the alkaloidal fraction on daily basis for 14 days while group D (the control) was treated like the test groups except that they received distilled water. The liver function indices were monitored progressively 24 h after 1, 7 and 14 daily doses of the alkaloidal fraction. The reduction (P<0.05) in the activities of liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in all the alkaloidal treated groups were accompanied by corresponding increase in the serum enzymes. Similar administration of the alkaloidal fractions increased the serum concentrations of albumin, conjugated and total bilirubin. The total protein in the serum and liver-body weight ratio decreased significantly. The histopathological examination revealed mild to severe disruption of the normal structural architecture of the liver characterized by the presence of red blood cells in the hepatocytes. The results suggest that alkaloidal fraction of Cnestis ferruginea D.C root has adverse effect on hepatic functions.
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    Studies on the biodegradation and utilization of selected tuber wastes by Penicillium expansum.
    (2009) AT Ajao, HJ Abdullahi, TG Atere and OM Kolawole
    Some fungi were found to be associated with the degradation of selected tuber starch wastes (Yam Peels, Cassava Peels, Sweet Potato Peels and Cocoyam Peels) of which eight showed amylase production on the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) supplemented with soluble starch. Penicillium expansum was selected among the isolates and used to ferment the extracts prepared from each of the tuber starch wastes for 144hours.Yam peel was found to be highly susceptible to the degradation while cocoyam peels was most resistant to the degradation. Fermentation of each of the waste extracts showed the ability of the organism to increase the protein contents, amylase activities of the waste extract with the increase in biomass. However, concentration of sugar and starch reduced considerably.
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    Groups and Subgroups in Cryptography
    (University of Lagos, 2009) Adeshola, A.D.; T. Aliu
    This study looks into the Mathematical applications of groups and subgroups in cryptography through Eulier’s Phi Function and Lagrange’s theorem with some definitions, theorems, illustrations and examples.
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    Bacteriological Assesment and Hygienic Standard of Food Canteens In Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria
    (2009) AT Ajao and TG Atere
    This study reports the status of hygiene standard and bacteriological quality of food provided at the Kwara state Polytechnic, food canteens. Six canteens were randomly selected for the study.Ten assay visits were carried out and total bacterial counts from various environment surfaces, palms of the food handlers and various denominations of money from food sellers were determined using Agar Syringe Method containing nutrient agar for the evaluation of hygiene quality index.Food quality was also determined by testing for total viable counts, coliform,Salmonella Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus counts. The sensitivity of the bacterial isolates to some antibiotics was also evaluated. Result of the study indicated that clean plates, walls tables and serving counters have high hygiene quality indices of 75%, 91%, 62% and 65% respectively. While floor, hand towels, apron, money and hand swabs have low hygiene quality indices of 53%, 36%, 56%,46% and 40% respectively. Pudding and stew samples were of low microbial and compare to water and vegetable. Coliforms (10.8%), Salmonella sp(11.0%). Enterobacter sp(10.3%) and Bacillus sp (12.5%) were mostly occurred during the sampling period. The isolates were sensitive to some antibiotics while some were resistant. This study suggest that there is need to improve on hygiene practices in Kwara state polytechnic canteens in order to prevent or reduce as the case may be the incidence of food borne disease.
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    Effect of solvents on the electronic absorption spectra of 9,14 dibenzo (a, c) phenazine and tribenzo (a, c, i) phenazine
    (2009) M. D. Adeoye, A. I. Adeogun, S. Adewuyi, S. A. Ahmed, N. W. Odozi and N. O. Obi-Egbeedi
    9,14-dibenzo (a, c) phenazine and tribenzo (a, c, i,) phenazine, were synthesized and solvent effect on the electronic absorption spectra of the compounds were studied. In some aspects of the spectra, the features of anthracene were carried into the spectrum of these synthesized phenazine derivatives with a change in symmetry. The absorption spectra of the two compounds were red–shifted compared with that of phenazine. Polar solvents shift the wavelength of absorption to the red relative to non-polar solvents, thus revealing that the observed bands have more charged excited state. This suggests that the transition is p p* transition.
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    Cryptography and Encryption
    (University of Lagos, 2010) Adeshola, A.D.; T. Aliu
    There is a strong need to devise new encryption mechanisms (algorithms) that offer enhanced security assurance, and guarantee the security of information transm itted over computer networks. This has generated a lot of interst, and has made cryptography an area of intrest in research all over the world today. In this study, we study Cryptography through the Euclid’GCD Algorithm Principle.
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    An analogue of the tau method for ordinary differential equation
    (2010) K. Issa; R. B. Adeniyi
    In this paper, we construct three orthogonal polynomials which are incorporated into the perturbation term of a numerical scheme analogue to the Ortiz recursive formulation of the Lanczos tau method. The method was implemented on some selected problems and the accuracy obtained justifies the desirability of the numerical scheme.
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    Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Infra Red Spectroscopic Studies of some Metal Complexes of Maleoyl-p-Aminobenzoic acid
    (Faculties of Life and Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2010) Bale, Adebayo Tajudeen; Eke, Uche Basil
    Metal complexes of p-Aminobenzoic acid derivative of maleic anhydride were investigated. Thus, N-(4-carboxy-phenyl) maleimide and its sodium salt (sodium N-maleoylbenzoate) were prepared. The sodium salt was complexed with some transition metals (Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+). Complexes separated as precipitates from the reaction mixtures and were characterized by spectroscopic studies.
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    Assessment of degradability potential of Penicillium oxalicum on crude oil
    (Pelagia Research Library, 2010-09-25) Opasola A.O* and Adewoye S.O
    The ability of three fungal isolates (XA, XB, XC) isolated from crude oil contaminated soil to degrade crude oil was studied. The isolates were identified to be Penicillum oxalicum based on their microscopic and macroscopic features. Degradability test showed that Penicillum oxalicum XA, XB and XC were able to metabolize the crude oil constituents with evidence from increase in mycelia weight. After 5 th day of incubation the mycelia weight for the isolates; XA, XB and XC were measured to be 0.39kg, 0.35kg and 0.35kg respectively. On the 20th day of incubation the mycelia mass increased to 0.56g, 0.54g and 0.51g respectively. The percentage of the residual oil on the 5th day of incubation for XA,XB, and XC isolates were quantified to be 73.5%, 68.6% and 75% respectively, whereas on the 20th day of incubation the percentage has reduced to 33% 35% and 31.4% respectively. This study showed that Penicillium oxalicium can be implicated in the remediation of site that may be contaminated with crude oils. Further understanding of the metabolic process of this organism on the crude oil will increase possibilities of developing models and strategies for removing crude oil pollutants from oil-impacted environments
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    Proximate and Mineral Composition of a Local Drink Made from Baobab Fruit (Adansonia digitata) Pulp
    (2011) Adedayo, M .R. , Olayemi, F. F. and Bamishaiye, E. I.
    The study was carried out to determine the proximate and mineral composition of a local non alcoholic drink made from the fruit pulp of baobab (Adansonia digitata). The fruit pulp was obtained by manually removing the pulp from the seed. Hundred grammes (100g) of the fruit pulp was dissolved in one litre of sterile distill water for 10 min to make the local drink. The baobab drink thus produced was analyzed for their proximate and mineral composition to ascertain their quality as a fruit drink. It was observed that the drink has various minerals with the highest percentage in potassium (130ppm), followed by magnesium (29.8ppm), copper (17ppm), manganese (13ppm) and calcium (12.2ppm) while protein was found to be 2.2mgg-1, ash 4.4%, p H 3.1. The Vitamin C content was 26mgg-1 and the sensory evaluation also showed that the fruit drink was well accepted by the consumer.