Faculty of Pure and Applied Science

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Biopreservation of Tomatoes Using Bacteriocin Produced by L. Plantarum SJC 103 and L. Apis Hbam1
(0002)
Several species of Lactobacillus have been known to produce an antimicrobial peptide known as bacteriocin, which are generally regarded as safe thus making them suitable as food additives a*nd thereby fulfilling consumers demand for chemical free food. The aim of the study was to produce bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum SJC103 and L. apis HBAM1 and use the bacteriocin produced as a biopresevative of tomatoes. Production of bacteriocin from both Lactobacillus species was performed using broth cultures of the selected isolate were centrifuged at 4000 rev/min for 1 hr and the supernatant which contained the was then decanted. The bacteriocin produced was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation. Microbial analysis was conducted on untreated tomatoes (control), tomatoes treated with bacteriocin, and Staphylococcus aureus infected tomatoes treated with bacteriocin and all were stored under the same conditions. The biopreservative potential of bacteriocin from both isolates produced a reduction in colony for the treated tomatoes with 1.10 x 107 cfu/g and 2.15 x 107 cfu/g for L. plantarum and L. apis respectively which were significantly reduced when compared with the S. aureus infected tomatoes with 9.25 x 107 cfu/g on day 10 of preservation. It was concluded that bacteriocin from Lactobacilli can be harnessed as a natural antibacterial in the preservation of tomatoes.
Perturbed Galerkin Method for Solving Integro- Differential Equations
(Hindawi, 0002-04-15) K. Issa; J.Biazar; T.O. Agboola; T. Aliu
In this paper, perturbed Galerkin method is proposed to find numerical solution of an integro-differential equations using fourth kind shifted Chebyshev polynomials as ba- sis functions which transform the integro-differential equation into a system of linear equations. The system of linear equations are then solved to obtain the approximate solution. Examples to justify the effectiveness and accuracy of the method are pre- sented and their numerical results are compared with Galerkin’s method, Taylor’s series method and Tau’s method which provide validation for the proposed approach. The errors obtained justify the effectiveness and accuracy of the method.
Toxicological implications of crude alkaloidal fraction from Cnestis ferruginea D.C root on liver function indices of male Wistar rats
(2009) TG Atere and AT Ajao
The crude alkaloidal fraction of Cnestis ferruginea D.C root was evaluated for its effect on the liver function indices of Wistar rats. Prior to the evaluation, the LD50 of oral route was established which is 27 mg/kg body weight. For the sub-acute toxicity studies, albino rats were grouped into four (A-D). Groups A, B and C were orally administered with 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg body weight of the alkaloidal fraction on daily basis for 14 days while group D (the control) was treated like the test groups except that they received distilled water. The liver function indices were monitored progressively 24 h after 1, 7 and 14 daily doses of the alkaloidal fraction. The reduction (P<0.05) in the activities of liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in all the alkaloidal treated groups were accompanied by corresponding increase in the serum enzymes. Similar administration of the alkaloidal fractions increased the serum concentrations of albumin, conjugated and total bilirubin. The total protein in the serum and liver-body weight ratio decreased significantly. The histopathological examination revealed mild to severe disruption of the normal structural architecture of the liver characterized by the presence of red blood cells in the hepatocytes. The results suggest that alkaloidal fraction of Cnestis ferruginea D.C root has adverse effect on hepatic functions.
Studies on the biodegradation and utilization of selected tuber wastes by Penicillium expansum.
(2009) AT Ajao, HJ Abdullahi, TG Atere and OM Kolawole
Some fungi were found to be associated with the degradation of selected tuber starch wastes (Yam Peels, Cassava Peels, Sweet Potato Peels and Cocoyam Peels) of which eight showed amylase production on the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) supplemented with soluble starch. Penicillium expansum was selected among the isolates and used to ferment the extracts prepared from each of the tuber starch wastes for 144hours.Yam peel was found to be highly susceptible to the degradation while cocoyam peels was most resistant to the degradation. Fermentation of each of the waste extracts showed the ability of the organism to increase the protein contents, amylase activities of the waste extract with the increase in biomass. However, concentration of sugar and starch reduced considerably.
Groups and Subgroups in Cryptography
(University of Lagos, 2009) Adeshola, A.D.; T. Aliu
This study looks into the Mathematical applications of groups and subgroups in cryptography through Eulier’s Phi Function and Lagrange’s theorem with some definitions, theorems, illustrations and examples.
Bacteriological Assesment and Hygienic Standard of Food Canteens In Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria
(2009) AT Ajao and TG Atere
This study reports the status of hygiene standard and bacteriological quality of food provided at the Kwara state Polytechnic, food canteens. Six canteens were randomly selected for the study.Ten assay visits were carried out and total bacterial counts from various environment surfaces, palms of the food handlers and various denominations of money from food sellers were determined using Agar Syringe Method containing nutrient agar for the evaluation of hygiene quality index.Food quality was also determined by testing for total viable counts, coliform,Salmonella Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus counts. The sensitivity of the bacterial isolates to some antibiotics was also evaluated. Result of the study indicated that clean plates, walls tables and serving counters have high hygiene quality indices of 75%, 91%, 62% and 65% respectively. While floor, hand towels, apron, money and hand swabs have low hygiene quality indices of 53%, 36%, 56%,46% and 40% respectively. Pudding and stew samples were of low microbial and compare to water and vegetable. Coliforms (10.8%), Salmonella sp(11.0%). Enterobacter sp(10.3%) and Bacillus sp (12.5%) were mostly occurred during the sampling period. The isolates were sensitive to some antibiotics while some were resistant. This study suggest that there is need to improve on hygiene practices in Kwara state polytechnic canteens in order to prevent or reduce as the case may be the incidence of food borne disease.
Laboratory evaluation of the biocontrol potential of Aphyosemion gularis against Anopheles larvae
(2010) Okorie Anyaele , Abiodun Obembe
Cryptography and Encryption
(University of Lagos, 2010) Adeshola, A.D.; T. Aliu
There is a strong need to devise new encryption mechanisms (algorithms) that offer enhanced security assurance, and guarantee the security of information transm itted over computer networks. This has generated a lot of interst, and has made cryptography an area of intrest in research all over the world today. In this study, we study Cryptography through the Euclid’GCD Algorithm Principle.
An analogue of the tau method for ordinary differential equation
(2010) K. Issa; R. B. Adeniyi
In this paper, we construct three orthogonal polynomials which are incorporated into the perturbation term of a numerical scheme analogue to the Ortiz recursive formulation of the Lanczos tau method. The method was implemented on some selected problems and the accuracy obtained justifies the desirability of the numerical scheme.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Infra Red Spectroscopic Studies of some Metal Complexes of Maleoyl-p-Aminobenzoic acid
(Faculties of Life and Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2010) Bale, Adebayo Tajudeen; Eke, Uche Basil
Metal complexes of p-Aminobenzoic acid derivative of maleic anhydride were investigated. Thus, N-(4-carboxy-phenyl) maleimide and its sodium salt (sodium N-maleoylbenzoate) were prepared. The sodium salt was complexed with some transition metals (Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+). Complexes separated as precipitates from the reaction mixtures and were characterized by spectroscopic studies.
Bound state solutions of the relativistic Dirac equation with equal scalar and vector Eckart potential using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method
(2010-12) Yahya, W. A.; Oyewumi, K. J.; Akoshile, C. O.; Ibrahim, T. T.
Proximate and Mineral Composition of a Local Drink Made from Baobab Fruit (Adansonia digitata) Pulp
(2011) Adedayo, M .R. , Olayemi, F. F. and Bamishaiye, E. I.
The study was carried out to determine the proximate and mineral composition of a local non alcoholic drink made from the fruit pulp of baobab (Adansonia digitata). The fruit pulp was obtained by manually removing the pulp from the seed. Hundred grammes (100g) of the fruit pulp was dissolved in one litre of sterile distill water for 10 min to make the local drink. The baobab drink thus produced was analyzed for their proximate and mineral composition to ascertain their quality as a fruit drink. It was observed that the drink has various minerals with the highest percentage in potassium (130ppm), followed by magnesium (29.8ppm), copper (17ppm), manganese (13ppm) and calcium (12.2ppm) while protein was found to be 2.2mgg-1, ash 4.4%, p H 3.1. The Vitamin C content was 26mgg-1 and the sensory evaluation also showed that the fruit drink was well accepted by the consumer.
Application of linear programming problem on cost minimization on fish feeds
(African Journal online, 2011) A.O. Adeoye; A.K. Dotia; M.O. Agboola; T.O. Aliu
This research, application of linear programming problem on cost minimization on fish feeds was aimed to minimize the cost of production of fish feeds. The data used was collected using both primary and secondary data. Linear programming problem was used to analyzed the data and the optimum solution was obtained at 5th iterations with fingerlings feeds to be 8/9 of tons and growers feeds to be 10/9 tons and the minimum cost of producing the tones of fingerlings and growers is N498, 675.60. We then recommend that any fish farmer who really wants to embark on efficient and effective fish production should use linear programming problem to determine the minimums cost of production. In other to maximizes their profits
Antimicrobial property of palm wine
(2011) Adedayo Majekodunmi Rachael and Ajiboye Adeyinka Elizabeth
Palm wine was assessed for its antimicrobial property. The antimicrobial property was assayed on five bacteria: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aureginosa and a Bacillus sp with one fungus Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of palm wine on these organisms were determined using agar well diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity on these organisms was then compared with the action of methylated spirit, a known commercial disinfectant. Palm wine was found to be more active against the gram negative organisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aureginosa and Proteus mirabilis) than the gram positive organisms (Bacillus sp and Staphylococcus aureus). The action was bactericidal on the gram negative organisms while it was bacteristatic on the gram positive. It was found out that palm wine had no inhibitory or cidal action on Candida albicans which is one of its resident organism. The antimicrobial action was also found to compare favorably with methylated spirit a known commercial disinfectant.
Studies on the microorganisms associated with dried meat (Tinko) sold in Ilorin, Nigeria
(2011) A. E. Ajiboye1 *, O. M. Kolawole2 , T. O. Oladosu2 , M. R. Adedayo1 and J. K. Akintunde1
Dried meat (Tinko) samples obtained from the Oja-Oba market in Ilorin metropolis during the rainy season were investigated for their microbial flora and the sensitivity of the bacterial isolates to different chemotherapeutic antibiotics under two different storage conditions (Cupboard and Refrigerator) for a period of five weeks revealed that the moisture content of dried meat samples stored in the cupboard increased from 35 to 65%, while those in the refrigerator had an initial increase from 50 to 55% for the first two weeks of storage and became constant through the period of storage. Bacteria and Fungi isolated include Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Neisseria sp., Acinetobacter sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. Bacterial isolates showed resistance to selected antibiotics (erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, streptomycin, ofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and clindamycin) except for Neisseria sp. which was sensitive to the antibiotics. The total bacterial count increased in the dried meat stored in the cupboard (2.5 × 107 to 3.3 × 107 cfu/ml) while it decreased in the meat samples stored in the refrigerator (2.0 × 107 to 1.4 × 107 cfu/ml).
Syntax Recognition in Semi groups
(University of Nairobi, 2011) Adeshola, A.D.; T. Aliu
In this paper, we establish the fact that decimal integers are formed from the ten decimal or denary digits 0, …,9; English words are formed from the 26 letters of English alphabet (or 52 if we distinguish between lower and upper case); English sentences are formed from the finite, but large number of English words[2]. This prelimnary study has attempted a description of a core aspect of both Syntax and Semigroup. It endeavours to succintly explain what syntax entails and in chronological norder, a review of major thoughts on syntax evaluation is highlighted. As a way of finding possible areas of relationship in the curious presence of Syntax and Semigroup, section one explains the relationship through logarithm, setion two equally looks at the syntatic nature of prefix, suffix and subwords, and in section three, results are analyzed and finally, conclusion are discussed in section four.
Single Cell Proteins: As Nutritional Enhancer
(2011) Adedayo, M.R. Ajiboye, E.A., Akintunde, J.K., Odaibo, A.
To meet the protein need of our growing population, it is important to include non-conventional protein sources in our diet. Important non – conventional sources are oil seed proteins, leaf protein concentrate, (LPC) fish protein concentrate (FPC) and single cell proteins (SCP) or biomass protein (BMP). Single cell protein recently attracted attention and holds a major potential for increasing protein supply. Proteins not only provide a nutritional component in a food system but also perform a number of other functions).The protein obtained from microbial source is designed as “Single Cell Protein” (SCP). Bacteria, Moulds, Yeasts, Green and Bluegreen algae are widely used as source of single cell protein. However, blue-green algae, where cell wall lacks cellulose, are easily digestible and are the most frequently used organism. Microbial protein or SCP has various benefits over animal and plant proteins in that its requirement for growth are neither seasonal or climate dependent; it can be produced all round the year .Does not require a large expanse of land as in plant or animal protein production. It has high protein content with wide amino acid spectrum, low fat content, higher proteincarbohydrate ratio than forages, can be grown on waste and it is environmental friendly as it helps in recycling waste. Various forms of organic waste such as cellulose hemicelluloses, hydrocarbon and different types of agricultural waste are used in the production of SCP. Besides nutritional value, a protein should have desirable functional properties also for its incorporation in food. Functional properties of proteins vary with the source, composition, method of preparation/extraction, prevailing environment etc. SCP has been found to meet all the requirements for its inclusion as diet supplement for both human and livestock especially in the developing countries of Africa and the world at large. This paper is therefore aimed at reviewing the in production, processing and consumption of SCP for food and feed.
Antimicrobial property of palm wine
(2011) Adedayo Majekodunmi Rachael and Ajiboye Adeyinka Elizabeth
Palm wine was assessed for its antimicrobial property. The antimicrobial property was assayed on five bacteria: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aureginosa and a Bacillus sp with one fungus Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of palm wine on these organisms were determined using agar well diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity on these organisms was then compared with the action of methylated spirit, a known commercial disinfectant. Palm wine was found to be more active against the gram negative organisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis) than the gram positive organisms (Bacillus sp and Staphylococcus aureus). The action was bactericidal on the gram negative organisms while it was bacteristatic on the gram positive. It was found out that palm wine had no inhibitory or cidal action on Candida albicans which is one of its resident organism. The antimicrobial action was also found to compare favorably with methylated spirit a known commercial disinfectant.
Comparative studies of the feeding capacity and preference of Aphyosemion gularis (Boulenger 1901) on some aquatic macroinvertebrates
(2011) Okorie Anyaele, Abiodun Obembe
Background & objectives: An efficient larvivorous fish must show a predilection for mosquito larvae in the presence of alternative preys. This study compares the feeding capacity and preference of Aphyosemion gularis exposed to different kinds of aquatic macroinvertebrates. Methods: Various prey organisms such as Anopheles larvae and pupae, Culex larvae, chironomid larvae and ostracods were either singly and/or jointly presented at different densities to the fish and the number of prey consumed in 12 h light and dark periods were recorded. Results: The result showed that in terms of capacity and preference, the fish significantly consumed (p <0.05) more Anopheles larvae than pupae and more Anopheles larvae compared to Culex and chironomid larvae. It was also found that the fish preferred Culex larvae to chironomids larvae while significantly (p <0.05) more Anopheles larvae were consumed compared to the more abundant ostracods. Conclusion: The results indicate that A. gularis is adapted to feed more on Anopheles than Culex larvae on one hand and generally preferred mosquito larvae to non-mosquito macroinvertebrates. The implication of this observation is that the presence of other non-mosquito organisms considered in this study is unlikely to divert the attention of the fish from mosquito larvae, especially Anopheles larvae. The fact that the fish are able to feed on some of the non-mosquito organisms such as chironomids and ostracods, means that they can subsist on these organisms in the absence of mosquito larvae.
Proximate composition of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) smoked in Nigerian stored products research institute (NSPRI): Developed kiln
(2011) Olayemi Folorunsho Foline, Adedayo Majekodunmi Rachael, Bamishaiye Eunice Iyabo and Awagu Emenike Fidelis
The effect of drying on proximate compositions of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute (NSPRI) developed kiln was determined. The purchased quantities of catfish were shared into two parts; one part was used to determine the proximate compositions of the raw fish and the other part was dried using smoking kiln at a temperature range of 60 to 70°C for 15 h. The proximate compositions of the fresh and dried samples were determined. Also, sensory evaluation was also determined using 9 point hedonic scale. Protein, carbohydrate, moisture content, fat, ash and nitrogen free extract (NFE) for fresh and dried fish were 16.24, 0.92, 78.70, 0.50, 1.33, 2.31% and 68.4, 1.80, 7.30, 12.50, 6.40, 3.60% respectively. The general acceptance as shown by sensory evaluation was equally high. It was therefore concluded that drying does have a positive effect on fish since there was an increase in embedded nutritional parameters.

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