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- ItemTRANSITIONAL JUSTICE THROUGH THE LENS OF PEACE EDUCATION: A SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF NIGERIA'S NORTHEAST(Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Enugu State, 2026-05) AKANNI, Waliyu Oladotun; BADMUS, Samsudeen DayoThe protracted Boko Haram insurgency has left indelible impacts on Nigeria's Northeast, creating a multifaceted challenge for peacebuilding interventions. Although the attacks have not entirely stopped, there is however, noticeable evidence of a considerable decline in their intensity, with a sizeable chunk of repentant insurgents laying down their weapons and embracing peace. Of particular interest to this paper is the effectiveness and relevance of peace education in the implementation of ongoing transitional justice initiatives in the Northeast. Drawing on a hybrid theoretical framework that integrates Transitional Justice Theory and Peace Education Theory, the research employs a qualitative approach and relies primarily on secondary sources of data. The significance of peace education as an integral component of transitional justice is emphasized in this study. For transitional justice to be successful and credibly acceptable, this research recommends that the affected communities should be at the heart of the process to foster a sense of inclusion, and the initiative should be sensitive to traditional values and peculiarities of the region. It comes to the conclusion that despite the complexities and challenges inherent in carrying out transitional justice in the Northeast, peace education as an instrument of social reconciliation can be a necessary catalyst for building the much-needed sustainable peace that the region urgently and deservedly needs. Keywords: Transitional Justice, Peace Education, Boko Haram, Northeast, Violent Conflict
- ItemBEYOND WESTERN PARADIGMS: INDIGENOUS AFRICAN APPROACHES TO CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND SOCIAL COHESION(Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Enugu State (ESUT), 2026-05) AKANNI, Waliyu OladotunThis study examines indigenous African conflict resolution mechanisms with a view to highlighting their philosophical foundations, procedural dynamics, and contemporary relevance. Drawing on qualitative and doctrinal analysis of existing literature, the paper argues that traditional African societies developed robust, culturally embedded systems for managing disputes long before colonial intervention. These systems—ranging from mediation, adjudication, negotiation, diplomacy, conciliation, to consensus-building—are deeply rooted in communal values, spirituality, and restorative justice principles. The study demonstrates that indigenous mechanisms prioritize reconciliation, social harmony, and long-term relationship preservation over adversarial outcomes of retributive justice. The paper further explores specific examples across African societies, including Yoruba, Hausa, and Igbo traditions in Nigeria, illustrating how oral traditions such as proverbs, folktales, wise sayings and rituals serve as instruments of peacebuilding and social control. Despite their effectiveness, the study identifies critical limitations, including a lack of formal legal recognition, gender exclusion, generational decline in interest, and procedural informality. The findings suggest that while modern conflict resolution frameworks in Africa often rely heavily on external models, indigenous systems offer contextually relevant, cost-effective, and sustainable alternatives. The paper concludes that integrating traditional mechanisms with formal legal systems could enhance peacebuilding efforts across the continent. It recommends policy reforms, institutional recognition, and inclusive restructuring to strengthen the applicability of indigenous conflict resolution systems in contemporary Africa. Key Words: Traditional Mechanism, Indigenous System, Conflict, African, Nigeria
- ItemUse of Mindfulness-Based Intervention in Reducing Test Anxiety among Students in Tertiary Institutions(Journal of Islamic Education Thought and Development, 2026) Kadiri, H., Yunus, S. A., Sulaiman, S., & *Yusuf, B. T.*Test anxiety remains a significant psychological challenge among students in tertiary institutions, often interfering with academic performance, concentration, and emotional well-being. This study examined the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention in reducing test anxiety among undergraduate students. A quasiexperimental pretest–posttest control group design was employed. Eighty students with moderate to high levels of test anxiety were selected through screening and randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 40) and a control group (n = 40). The experimental group participated in an eight-week mindfulness-based intervention adapted from the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) model, while the control group continued with regular academic activities. Data were collected using the Test Anxiety Inventory and analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired samples t-tests, independent samples t-tests, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Findings revealed a statistically significant reduction in test anxiety among students who participated in the mindfulness program compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05). The intervention demonstrated a large effect size, indicating substantial practical impact. The results suggest that mindfulness-based interventions can effectively enhance emotional regulation and reduce anxiety in evaluative academic settings. The study concludes that integrating structured mindfulness programs into tertiary education may serve as a valuable preventive and supportive strategy for addressing test anxiety and promoting student well-being.
- ItemSUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION PATTERNS, NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTES REDUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA(IEEE, 2024-08-16) Precious, O. G., *Tawakalitu, B. Y*., Chinyere, L. O., Oluwaseun, J. I., Adewale, M. O., & Priscilla, O. A.Poor consumption patterns aided by the need for packaging and storage of goods have contributed to the burden of non-biodegradable wastes. These patterns stand as major sources of toxic pollutants in the environment making environmental preservation highly compromised. In particular, inadequate management of non-biodegradable waste has been an overriding environmental problem in Kwara State, this is growing into an intractable environmental issue, therefore, there is necessity for an effective mitigation strategy. In view of this need, this study aims to promote sustainable consumption patterns to reduce nonbiodegradable wastes and achieve environmental preservation in Kwara State. The objectives of the study were to: (i) assess the level of consumers’ willingness to adopt sustainable consumption patterns that support environmental protection; (ii) enumerate key strategies for reducing non-biodegradable wastes so as to promote environmental protection; (iii) examine consumers’ perception on the best practice in non-biodegradable wastes management; and (iv) investigate the dominant environmental threat to environmental protection framework in Kwara State. This descriptive study adopted a quantitative research design, with a purposive sampling of a hundred and twenty respondents; the descriptive analysis was based on a hundred and nine questionnaires that were retrieved. The findings of the study showed that: (i) the level of consumers’ willingness to employ sustainable consumption patterns that support environmental protection was 89%; (ii) the key strategies for reducing nonbiodegradable wastes in order to promote environmental protection included ‘willingness to turn in used non-biodegradable materials for recycling’ (89%), ‘support for agencies that extract non-biodegradable materials from the society’ (83.5%), ‘ban on use of non-biodegradable materials if alternatives are available’ (71.6%), and ‘choice of re-usable bags over single-use nylon bags’ (69.1%); (iii) the consumers’ perception on the best practice in non-biodegradable wastes management was ‘recycling’ (80.7%); and (iv) the dominant environmental threat to environmental protection framework in Kwara State was ‘solid waste pollution’ (68.8%). The study concluded that consumer receptivity to sustainable consumption patterns was high; extraction and ban were among key strategies for non-biodegradable wastes reduction; recycling was considered as the best practice in nonbiodegradable wastes management; and solid waste pollution stood as the leading environmental hazard in Kwara State. The study recommends that government functionaries, nongovernmental agencies, and relevant environmental protection stakeholders should provide current knowledge on sustainable consumption practices; ensure non-biodegradable wastes reduction framework is all-inclusive; make recycling process of non-biodegradable wastes operative; and completely eradicate solid waste pollution in Kwara State.
- ItemLOCALIZED PEACE IN A WEAPONIZED ENVIRONMENT: INTERROGATING COMMUNITY-DRIVEN PEACEBUILDING MECHANISMS AGAINST ARMED BANDITRY IN NIGERIA'S NORTHWEST(Centre for Democracy, Peace and Conflict Resolution, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, 2026-02-08) AKANNI, W. O., *YUSUF, T. B., & MUHAMMED, I.Abstract The protracted armed banditry and its associated threats to peace and security are gradually turning Nigeria's Northwest into another regional theatre of violence. There is palpable tension and heightened fear of possible replica in the magnitude of Boko Haram insurgency attacks in the Northwest if decisive and urgent steps are not taken. Although State-level peace efforts have had some initial success in the areas of weapon surrendering and releasing of kidnapped victims, these have however not mitigated the threats that the recurring armed banditry poses to peace and security desired by the region. As a qualitative research, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Key Informant Interview (KII) were conducted with relevant non-state actors on the application of community-driven peacebuilding and conflict transformation approaches and their successes in this current dispensation. Data generated from the field were complemented by reviewed literature. As the epicentre of the armed banditry, the focus of this paper was consciously restricted to only Zamfara State in order to interrogate community interventions in a more context-specific manner. Among other things, this paper underscores the relevance of localised peace as a veritable tool for building sustainable peace and tackling conflict at its source by recommending solutionist strategies to state actors and others alike, just for the sake of peace in Zamfara State and the Northwest as a whole. The study emphasizes in its conclusion that security challenges in the regionhave deeply local roots and therefore require community conflict transformation efforts and traditional peacebuilding interventions as alternative methods of building sustainable peace and promoting peaceful co-existence in a weaponized environment like Nigeria's Northwest.