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Hematological and Histopathological Study of Clarias gariepinus Fed Moringa oleifera Seed Meal Diets
(International Journal of Multidiscilinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 2024-08-11) Iyapo A Kafayat 1*, Adewole M Adeyemo 2, Ben-Uwabor O Patience 3, Afolabi O Esther
This study investigated the haematological and histopathological profiles of Clarias gariepinus fed Moringa oleifera seed meal diets (MSD) at inclusion levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% in replacement of soybean meal diet, and coded MSD1 (Control) - MSD5. The blood and organs (liver and gills) were collected from two fish in each treatment after 84 days of feeding trials for hematological and histopathological study and the data were statistical analysed. The highest values of erythrocyte (3.15±0.03μL), Hematocrit (36.85±0.03%) and leukocyte (237.4±0.06μL) were recorded from MSD2 while the lowest values of erythrocyte (2.22±0.03μL), Hematocrit (7.76±0.22%) and leukocyte (196.94±0.02μL) were recorded from MSD4, MSD5 and MSD5 respectively. The highest lymphocyte value (99.05±0.03μL) was recorded from fish fed MSD3 while the lowest value (97.83±0.02μL) was recorded from fish fed MSD2. There was a decreasing trend of haematological values as the MSD inclusion increases; that is, the higher replacement of soybean meal with MSM the lower the RBC, PCV, haemoglobin and WBC values. The histology examinations revealed normal hepatocytes and erythrocyte infiltration, distorted hepatic tissue and infiltration of mucosa cell in liver and that the gills remain in good condition in all the experimental fish except for MSD3 that showed slight degeneration of the lamellae and gill rays. This study have demonstrated that Moringa oleifera seed meal diet (MSD) can replace soybean meal up to 20% inclusion level with little or no damage to the fish health in the diet of C. Gariepinus, since both hematology and histology results didn’t revealed any severe lesion on the blood profiles and examined organs. Thus, adoption of MSD up to 20% inclusion level in replacement of SBM in the diet of C. Gariepinus fingerlings is safe to the fish health and fish consumers.
Evaluation of Cadmium Contaminations in Soil and Plants, and Potential Ecological Risk at a Tertiary Institution Campus, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria
(Journal of Applied Science and Environvironmental Management, 2025-01-31) BEN-UWABOR, PO; OLARINOYE, SO
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the cadmium contaminations in soil and plants, and potential ecological risk at a tertiary institution campus, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria using appropriate standard procedures. Data obtained indicates highest cadmium concentration in plants at the library (0.282±0.03 mg/kg), while the highest soil concentrations were observed at the School Park (0.316±0.04 mg/kg). The cadmium Contamination Factor (CF) and Bioaccumulation Coefficient (BAC) assessed the degree of pollution on the campus and the amount of Cd uptake by the plants, with moderate contamination across most sites, recording the Administrative Building area to display a notably higher Contamination Factor of 2 and cadmium Potential Ecological Risk index of 60, indicating a moderate ecological risk with Azadirachta indica and Delonix regia been hyperaccumulators of cadmium.These findings showed the need for cadmium monitoring and targeted friendly environmental management, particularly in areas with elevated cadmium levels. The study concludes that while cadmium contamination is a campus-wide issue, specific locations, such as the Library
Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Chlorophyll Content, Growth Attributes, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities And Bioaccumulation of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Grown In Soil Medium
(International organization of Scientific Research (IOSR), 2019-10-05) Mariam.A .Akanbi-Gada,*, Clement .O.Ogunkunle , Abiola. O. Ilesanmi , Abiola.G.Femi-Adepoju, Latifat.O. Sidiq , Paul. O.Fatoba
The use of conservative products to improve growth and productivity of plants is as old as man. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) use smart/controlled release and targeted delivery system to improve alot of parameters in plants including yield, thereby making them suitable as fertilizers. This study therefore assessed the effects of ZnONPs on the physiology, chlorophyll content, biochemical activities, antioxidant enzyme activities and bioaccumulation potential of Phaseolus vulgaris after 90 days of exposure to ZnONPs following standard methodologies. The growth parameters examined in this research revealed that there was significant increase at all evaluation times at P <0.05 in all ZnONPs treated plants. Furthermore, there was increase in yield especially at low concentration of 300 mg/kg for all the parameters examined. Flowers and fruits took longer to emerge at high doses of 600 and 1000mg/kg confirming the phytotoxicity tendencies of ZnONPs at higher concentration. Exposure of Phaseolus vulgaris to ZnONPs treatment increased productivity, promoted uptake and bioaccumulation of Zn in the leaf and roots tissues of Phaseolus vulgaris. Futhermore, ZnONPs enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidise (APX) and catalase (CAT).
Economic consequences of microbes in Food
(Springer, Singerpore, 2024-08-02) Amubieya, Omolara Faith and Olawepo Gabriel Kehinde
Microorganisms play a pivotal role in the food industry, influencing safety, quality, and overall economic dynamics. This chapter explored the economic ramifications of microorganisms in food, emphasizing their significance and identifying key microorganisms of interest. A detailed examination of how microorganisms contribute to food spoilage unveils the economic implications associated with compromised food quality. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for addressing economic challenges linked to deteriorating food products. The investigation delved into the role of microorganisms in foodborne illnesses, emphasizing their impact on public health and the subsequent economic consequences for the food industry. Strategies for enhancing food safety are explored, considering their economic feasibility. The chapter dissected the complexities of utilizing microorganisms for food processing, shedding light on economic considerations that influence decision-making. An analysis of economic losses resulting from microbial contamination underscores the need for effective mitigation strategies. This chapter evaluated the economic feasibility of these strategies and their potential to safeguard the economic interests of the food industry. This chapter critically assessed the role of technology in mitigating economic losses and enhancing the overall industry resilience. Comparative analysis across different regions elucidated the diverse economic consequences of microorganisms in food. International regulations and their impact on economic dynamics provide a comprehensive understanding of the global landscape. This chapter highlights the areas for future research and potential economic shifts in response to evolving microbial challenges. This chapter concludes by summarizing key findings and emphasizing the overarching economic implications of microorganisms in the food sector.
A review of farmers-herders conflict and implications on food security, ecological systems and economy of Ibarapa, Oyo State, Nigeria
(EPH – International Journal of Educational Research, 2023) Jimoh, A. A., Lawal, A. R., and Bello, Z. A.
In Nigeria, thousands of people die in violent clashes between groups of farmers and nomadic pastoralists. Due to better access to weapons and communication tools, the war has been worse in recent years. The old and the well-established systems of negotiation between the groups have mostly broken down. Thus, those with superior tools try to acquire what they want without speaking to other parties. The lack of resources, however, did not suddenly appear in the region and is also a result of several other factors that were discussed in this study, such as ineffective state mechanisms, the Nigerian oil boom, late effects of colonialism, climate change, constantly rising non-state group armament, e. t. c. To demonstrate effects of the conflict, the socioeconomic implications will be discussed. This research focuses on the crisis between the farmers and the Fulani herdsmen in the Ibarapa community of Oyo State as a review case study. The Ibarapa community is made up of various socioeconomic groups who have lived together for a long time, even though this coexistence has both beneficial and negative effects. Yoruba people, that are primarily farmers, and Fulani herdsmen, who are primarily herders, make up the majority of those leaving the Ibarapa community. In recent years, tension and hostility between farmers and herdsmen have emerged due to the battle for land and other scarce resources. Insecurity and food crisis have also resulted from the conflict, which have escalated into fights between the two groups. The connection between the two groups has soured, though, and this is a serious matter that warrants attention on a worldwide scale. Hence this review is apt.

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