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- ItemTotal Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Nine Medicinal Plants used in Nigerian Traditional Medicine(Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2018-09-15) Sidiq Latifat O. , Segun Peter A., Ogbole Omonike O.In Nigerian ethnobotany, several medicinal plants have been used for decades for the management of various ailments. Although several ethnobotanical studies have been conducted to document the most frequently used medicinal plants in the treatment of oxidative stress associated diseases, there is need to validate the therapeutic potentials of these plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the radical scavenging ability as well as the total phenolic contents of nine medicinal plants used in Nigerian ethnobotany for the treatment of inflammation, diabetes and related medical conditions. The methanol extracts of nine medicinal plants selected from Southwestern Nigeria ethnomedicinal plants were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay and their total phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. All the extracts tested showed significant DPPH scavenging activity. Amongst the nine plants, Bridelia ferruginea, Piper guineense and Nauclea diderrichii had the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 of 11.46, 15.02 and 18.12 μg/mL, respectively, compared with the standard drugs; ascorbic acid (IC50 = 1.40 μg/mL) and gallic acid (IC50 = 0.79 μg/mL). The results of total phenolic content showed N. diderrichii with the highest phenolic content of 347.77 mg gallic acid equivalent per gramme of extract (GAE/g extract), while Holarrhena floribunda G.Don. (Apocynaceae) had the least phenolic content of 12.58 mg GAE/g extract. The result obtained from this study revealed that some of the plant extract exhibited free radical scavenging ability and could serve as candidates in the search for natural antioxidants.
- ItemMedicinal Plants used in Four Local Government Areas of South-Western Nigeria for the Management of Diabetes and its Comorbidities: An Ethnopharmacological Survey(Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutics, 2022-06-20) Sidiq Latifat O., Segun Peter A. and Ogbole Omonike O.Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to pose a major global health threat with serious economic burden in sub-Saharan Africa, especially Nigeria. This condition is often worsened as most diabetic patients have other accompanying comorbidities such as hypertension, stroke, heart disease and obesity, further putting a strain on their wellbeing. In spite of the several orthodox medicines for the treatment of diabetes and its comorbidities, complication arising from the use of such agents have limited therapeutic success. It is therefore imperative to search for safer alternative and affordable treatment options from plants. This study aimed at accessing and documenting the medicinal plants used in four local government areas of South-Western Nigeria for the management of diabetes and its comorbidities. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain information from traditional medical practitioners, village elders and herb sellers. The data obtained were analyzed and discussed in relation to previously published literature. Fifty-three respondents mostly males (77.4%) provided information on medicinal plants useful for the management of diabetes and its comorbidities. A total of 77 medicinal plants used concomitantly belonging to 44 plant families were mentioned by the respondents. 53 medicinal plants are being used for managing diabetes, 35 for hypertension, 28 for stroke, 17 for heart diseases and 25 for obesity. The frequently used plant species were Vernonia amygdalina Delile with use-mentionindex (UMi) of 0.208, Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle (UMi 0.170), Viscum album L. (UMi 0.151), Carica papaya L. (UMi 0.151) and Allium sativum L. (UMi 0.132). Citrus aurantifolia was the only plant mentioned for the management of the five ailments. Most diabetic patients often have one or more accompanying comorbidities. A safe and efficacious single herbal preparation that can manage both diabetes and its comorbidities may provide scientific breakthrough and relief from the side effects associated with the use of different synthetic drugs that is often experienced by sufferers of DM with accompanying comorbidities.
- ItemAlpha-amylase Inhibition and Brine Shrimp Lethality Activities of Nine Medicinal Plant Extracts from South-West Nigerian Ethnomedicine(Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 2016-08-12) Ogbole Omonike Oluyemisi, Aliu Latifat Olabimpe, Abiodun Oyindamola Olajumoke and Ajaiyeoba Edith OriabureAcanthospermum hispidum, Alchornea laxiflora, Calyptrochilum christyanum, Heliotropicum indicum, Holarrhena floribunda, Ipomoea asarifolia, Nauclea diderrichii, Piper guineense, and Tetracera scandens were extracted into methanol and screened for the availability of alpha-amylase inhibitors. Plant extracts’ toxicity was determined by brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). The most active plant, Nauclea diderichii, was fractionated into four solvent systems (n-hexane fractions, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-butanol) and tested. All the extracts showed varying degrees of alpha-amylase inhibitory activity. N. diderrichii with IC50 = 248.30 ± 0.27 μg.mL–1 had the highest inhibitory activity, while its butanol fraction with IC50 = 137.8 μg.mL– 1 had activity comparable to the standard α-amylase inhibitor acarbose (IC50 = 177.50 ± 0.42 μg.mL–1). LC50 values for BSLA ranged from 11.35 to 1,127.50 μg.mL–1, with T. scandens being the most toxic with 11.35 μg.mL–1 and N. diderrichii the least toxic with 1,127.50 μg.mL–1.
- ItemEvaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Euphorbia graminea L. (Euphorbiaceae) and Tetracera scandens L. (Dilleniaceae)(Arch. Bas. App. Med, 2022-09-17) Sidiq L.O., Nkumah A.O., Oyinloye B., and Ogbole O.O.Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of pathogenic infections and protection against oxidative stress. These plants produce a wide range of bioactive chemicals, including defensive properties, that are required for their survival in their natural habitat. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Euphorbia graminea L. and Tetracera scandens L. were investigated in this study. The ability of methanol extracts of both plants to scavenge free radicals was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) chemical assay, total phenolic contents (TPC) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and antimicrobial activities were determined using the agar well-diffusion method. Euphorbia graminea extracts had a low scavenging capacity, with an IC50 of 992.83 ± 0.44 μg/mL, while Tetracera scandens had a high scavenging ability, with an IC50 of 67.64 ± 0.66 μg/mL, compared to ascorbic acid, which had an IC50 of 11.41μg/mL. Total Phenolic Contents in E. graminea and T. scandens extracts ranged from 231.16±0.03 to 141.26 ± 0.02 mgGAE/g, respectively. Euphorbia graminea showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 6.25 mg/mL while T. scandens showed good antimicrobial activity against Candida albican with a MIC of 6.25 mg/mL. Extracts from the two plants had high to moderate antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Therefore, these two plants can serve as source of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
- ItemHematological and Histopathological Study of Clarias gariepinus Fed Moringa oleifera Seed Meal Diets(International Journal of Multidiscilinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 2024-08-11) Iyapo A Kafayat 1*, Adewole M Adeyemo 2, Ben-Uwabor O Patience 3, Afolabi O EstherThis study investigated the haematological and histopathological profiles of Clarias gariepinus fed Moringa oleifera seed meal diets (MSD) at inclusion levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% in replacement of soybean meal diet, and coded MSD1 (Control) - MSD5. The blood and organs (liver and gills) were collected from two fish in each treatment after 84 days of feeding trials for hematological and histopathological study and the data were statistical analysed. The highest values of erythrocyte (3.15±0.03μL), Hematocrit (36.85±0.03%) and leukocyte (237.4±0.06μL) were recorded from MSD2 while the lowest values of erythrocyte (2.22±0.03μL), Hematocrit (7.76±0.22%) and leukocyte (196.94±0.02μL) were recorded from MSD4, MSD5 and MSD5 respectively. The highest lymphocyte value (99.05±0.03μL) was recorded from fish fed MSD3 while the lowest value (97.83±0.02μL) was recorded from fish fed MSD2. There was a decreasing trend of haematological values as the MSD inclusion increases; that is, the higher replacement of soybean meal with MSM the lower the RBC, PCV, haemoglobin and WBC values. The histology examinations revealed normal hepatocytes and erythrocyte infiltration, distorted hepatic tissue and infiltration of mucosa cell in liver and that the gills remain in good condition in all the experimental fish except for MSD3 that showed slight degeneration of the lamellae and gill rays. This study have demonstrated that Moringa oleifera seed meal diet (MSD) can replace soybean meal up to 20% inclusion level with little or no damage to the fish health in the diet of C. Gariepinus, since both hematology and histology results didn’t revealed any severe lesion on the blood profiles and examined organs. Thus, adoption of MSD up to 20% inclusion level in replacement of SBM in the diet of C. Gariepinus fingerlings is safe to the fish health and fish consumers.