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- ItemAlpha-amylase Inhibition and Brine Shrimp Lethality Activities of Nine Medicinal Plant Extracts from South-West Nigerian Ethnomedicine(Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 2016-08-12) Ogbole Omonike Oluyemisi, Aliu Latifat Olabimpe, Abiodun Oyindamola Olajumoke and Ajaiyeoba Edith OriabureAcanthospermum hispidum, Alchornea laxiflora, Calyptrochilum christyanum, Heliotropicum indicum, Holarrhena floribunda, Ipomoea asarifolia, Nauclea diderrichii, Piper guineense, and Tetracera scandens were extracted into methanol and screened for the availability of alpha-amylase inhibitors. Plant extracts’ toxicity was determined by brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). The most active plant, Nauclea diderichii, was fractionated into four solvent systems (n-hexane fractions, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-butanol) and tested. All the extracts showed varying degrees of alpha-amylase inhibitory activity. N. diderrichii with IC50 = 248.30 ± 0.27 μg.mL–1 had the highest inhibitory activity, while its butanol fraction with IC50 = 137.8 μg.mL– 1 had activity comparable to the standard α-amylase inhibitor acarbose (IC50 = 177.50 ± 0.42 μg.mL–1). LC50 values for BSLA ranged from 11.35 to 1,127.50 μg.mL–1, with T. scandens being the most toxic with 11.35 μg.mL–1 and N. diderrichii the least toxic with 1,127.50 μg.mL–1.
- ItemEvaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Euphorbia graminea L. (Euphorbiaceae) and Tetracera scandens L. (Dilleniaceae)(Arch. Bas. App. Med, 2022-09-17) Sidiq L.O., Nkumah A.O., Oyinloye B., and Ogbole O.O.Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of pathogenic infections and protection against oxidative stress. These plants produce a wide range of bioactive chemicals, including defensive properties, that are required for their survival in their natural habitat. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Euphorbia graminea L. and Tetracera scandens L. were investigated in this study. The ability of methanol extracts of both plants to scavenge free radicals was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) chemical assay, total phenolic contents (TPC) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and antimicrobial activities were determined using the agar well-diffusion method. Euphorbia graminea extracts had a low scavenging capacity, with an IC50 of 992.83 ± 0.44 μg/mL, while Tetracera scandens had a high scavenging ability, with an IC50 of 67.64 ± 0.66 μg/mL, compared to ascorbic acid, which had an IC50 of 11.41μg/mL. Total Phenolic Contents in E. graminea and T. scandens extracts ranged from 231.16±0.03 to 141.26 ± 0.02 mgGAE/g, respectively. Euphorbia graminea showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 6.25 mg/mL while T. scandens showed good antimicrobial activity against Candida albican with a MIC of 6.25 mg/mL. Extracts from the two plants had high to moderate antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Therefore, these two plants can serve as source of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
- ItemHematological and Histopathological Study of Clarias gariepinus Fed Moringa oleifera Seed Meal Diets(International Journal of Multidiscilinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 2024-08-11) Iyapo A Kafayat 1*, Adewole M Adeyemo 2, Ben-Uwabor O Patience 3, Afolabi O EstherThis study investigated the haematological and histopathological profiles of Clarias gariepinus fed Moringa oleifera seed meal diets (MSD) at inclusion levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% in replacement of soybean meal diet, and coded MSD1 (Control) - MSD5. The blood and organs (liver and gills) were collected from two fish in each treatment after 84 days of feeding trials for hematological and histopathological study and the data were statistical analysed. The highest values of erythrocyte (3.15±0.03μL), Hematocrit (36.85±0.03%) and leukocyte (237.4±0.06μL) were recorded from MSD2 while the lowest values of erythrocyte (2.22±0.03μL), Hematocrit (7.76±0.22%) and leukocyte (196.94±0.02μL) were recorded from MSD4, MSD5 and MSD5 respectively. The highest lymphocyte value (99.05±0.03μL) was recorded from fish fed MSD3 while the lowest value (97.83±0.02μL) was recorded from fish fed MSD2. There was a decreasing trend of haematological values as the MSD inclusion increases; that is, the higher replacement of soybean meal with MSM the lower the RBC, PCV, haemoglobin and WBC values. The histology examinations revealed normal hepatocytes and erythrocyte infiltration, distorted hepatic tissue and infiltration of mucosa cell in liver and that the gills remain in good condition in all the experimental fish except for MSD3 that showed slight degeneration of the lamellae and gill rays. This study have demonstrated that Moringa oleifera seed meal diet (MSD) can replace soybean meal up to 20% inclusion level with little or no damage to the fish health in the diet of C. Gariepinus, since both hematology and histology results didn’t revealed any severe lesion on the blood profiles and examined organs. Thus, adoption of MSD up to 20% inclusion level in replacement of SBM in the diet of C. Gariepinus fingerlings is safe to the fish health and fish consumers.
- ItemEvaluation of Cadmium Contaminations in Soil and Plants, and Potential Ecological Risk at a Tertiary Institution Campus, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria(Journal of Applied Science and Environvironmental Management, 2025-01-31) BEN-UWABOR, PO; OLARINOYE, SOThe objective of this paper is to evaluate the cadmium contaminations in soil and plants, and potential ecological risk at a tertiary institution campus, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria using appropriate standard procedures. Data obtained indicates highest cadmium concentration in plants at the library (0.282±0.03 mg/kg), while the highest soil concentrations were observed at the School Park (0.316±0.04 mg/kg). The cadmium Contamination Factor (CF) and Bioaccumulation Coefficient (BAC) assessed the degree of pollution on the campus and the amount of Cd uptake by the plants, with moderate contamination across most sites, recording the Administrative Building area to display a notably higher Contamination Factor of 2 and cadmium Potential Ecological Risk index of 60, indicating a moderate ecological risk with Azadirachta indica and Delonix regia been hyperaccumulators of cadmium.These findings showed the need for cadmium monitoring and targeted friendly environmental management, particularly in areas with elevated cadmium levels. The study concludes that while cadmium contamination is a campus-wide issue, specific locations, such as the Library
- ItemEffects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Chlorophyll Content, Growth Attributes, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities And Bioaccumulation of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Grown In Soil Medium(International organization of Scientific Research (IOSR), 2019-10-05) Mariam.A .Akanbi-Gada,*, Clement .O.Ogunkunle , Abiola. O. Ilesanmi , Abiola.G.Femi-Adepoju, Latifat.O. Sidiq , Paul. O.FatobaThe use of conservative products to improve growth and productivity of plants is as old as man. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) use smart/controlled release and targeted delivery system to improve alot of parameters in plants including yield, thereby making them suitable as fertilizers. This study therefore assessed the effects of ZnONPs on the physiology, chlorophyll content, biochemical activities, antioxidant enzyme activities and bioaccumulation potential of Phaseolus vulgaris after 90 days of exposure to ZnONPs following standard methodologies. The growth parameters examined in this research revealed that there was significant increase at all evaluation times at P <0.05 in all ZnONPs treated plants. Furthermore, there was increase in yield especially at low concentration of 300 mg/kg for all the parameters examined. Flowers and fruits took longer to emerge at high doses of 600 and 1000mg/kg confirming the phytotoxicity tendencies of ZnONPs at higher concentration. Exposure of Phaseolus vulgaris to ZnONPs treatment increased productivity, promoted uptake and bioaccumulation of Zn in the leaf and roots tissues of Phaseolus vulgaris. Futhermore, ZnONPs enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidise (APX) and catalase (CAT).