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- ItemProximate and phytochemical compositions of leaf and root of (Cattle Stick) Carpolobia lutea G. Don.(Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2019-01-13) Olayinka, B. U., Ogungbemi, R. F., Abinde, O. O., Lawal, A. R., Abdulrahaman, A. A., Etejere, E. O.Carpolobia lutea is a medicinal plant commonly utilized in Nigeria to boost libido. The ethnomedicinal importance of any plant lies in some secondary metabolites. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the proximate and phytochemical composition of roots and leaves of this plant using standard methods. The proximate composition of leaves and roots showed moisture, ash, fibre, protein, fat and carbohydrate contents with values that ranged between 8.84-9.55, 3.48-3.65, 1.10-1.06, 6.64-8.39, 1.80-1.80 and 76.16-77.47% respectively. The leaves contained higher amount of ash, crude protein and fat than the roots. The results of ethanolic extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, steroids, saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, anthocyanin, carotenoids and flavonoids in both the leaves and roots. These phytochemicals were found to be significantly higher in roots except for anthraquinones, flavonoids and steroids which were significantly higher in the leaves. Among the phytochemicals, alkaloids were found to be highest in concentration followed in decreasing order by saponins, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, anthocyanin, terpenoids, phenols and carotenoids. The results indicated that, C. lutea leaf and root have high nutritive and medicinal values and this could be explored for pharmaceutical purposes.
- ItemComparative phytochemical screening of leaves, seeds and roots of moringa plants (Moringa oleifera Lam).(Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment, 2025-05-01) Ben-Uwabor, P. O., Olasehind, A. S., Olawepo, G. K., and Lawal, A. R.This research conducted a comparative analysis of the bioactive chemicals in Moringa oleifera parts (leaves, seeds and roots). Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify and measure the essential bioactive compounds using qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The phytochemical profile of the various plant components was distinct with the leaves exhibiting significant levels of tannins (9.27± 0.18a mg-100g), flavonoids (4.98± 0.11b mg- 100g), terpenoids (4.33± 0.29c mg-100g), and steroids (3.18 ± 0.23d mg-100g). The seeds contained notable number of alkaloids, with a concentration of 91.66 mg-100g. Additionally, they included flavonoids at a concentration of 74.23± 0.22b mg-100g, tannins (32.28 ± 0.10c mg-100g), and saponins (32.91 ± 0.04c mg-100g). The roots had the most elevated amounts of tannins, measuring at a concentration of 38.15 ± 0.25a mg-100g, and phenolic acids, measuring at a concentration of 4.01 ± 0.15b mg-100g. The bioactive components of leaves, seeds, and roots exhibited significant differences at p ≤0.05. Leaves provided promising qualities as both a nutritional supplement and an abundant reservoir of innate antioxidants. Roots contain a significant amount of tannin, suggesting their possible use in traditional medicine while the seeds indicated wide range of health benefits, making them important in both traditional medicine and modern pharmacology. The research showed the distinct medicinal and nutritional benefits of each individual part of the Moringa plant, promoting Moringa as a functional food and herbal remedy, and encouraging sustainable harvesting and utilization of all parts of the plant, emphasizing their potential uses in nutrition, traditional medicine, and pharmacology.
- ItemAllelopathic effects of Tithonia diversifolia n-butanolic sub-fractions on weed suppression, germination, and cytotoxicity in two cowpea varieties(2026-03-17) Ayinla, A., Opadokun, W. O., Koiki, A. O., Olayinka, B. U., Lawal, A. R., Abdulra’uf, L. B., Balogun, A., Bello, A., Kareem, I., Ridwan, F. T., Abdulkareem, G. T., Abubakar, Z. N., Mohammed, K. and Abdulganiy, A.The search for sustainable alternatives to synthetic herbicides has intensified interest in plant-derived allelochemicals for weed management. This study evaluated the effects of Tithonia diversifolia n-butanolic sub-fractions on weed suppression indices, germination, seedling growth, and cytotoxicity in two varieties of Vigna unguiculata (Vital-5 and K-28). Germination was significantly reduced in all treated groups compared to the control, with sub-fraction G exhibiting the strongest inhibitory effect, particularly in Vital-5, while K-28 showed relatively higher tolerance. Seedling growth responses revealed consistent inhibition of radicle elongation across treatments, whereas some sub-fractions (E and H) stimulated plumule growth in K-28, suggesting a hormetic response. All sub-fractions demonstrated measurable weed suppression, with G showing the highest suppression and E exhibiting the greatest weed suppression efficiency. Cytological analyses revealed pronounced mitotic abnormalities, including micronuclei formation, chromosomal fragmentation, spindle disruption, and complete mitotic arrest, indicating strong cytotoxic and effects. Overall, the findings highlight the significant allelopathic and bioherbicidal potential of T. diversifolia n-butanolic sub-fractions. However, the observed phytotoxicity to cowpea underscores the need for optimization to achieve selective weed control in sustainable agricultural systems.
- ItemLimitations of pharmacophore modeling for intrinsically disordered plant stress proteins: A case study of DHN1 in Zea mays.(2025-12-27) Ayinla, A., Ibrahim, A. S., Olayinka, B. U., Opadokun, W. O., Balogun, A., Lawal, A. R., Koiki, A. O., Kareem, I. and Etejere, E. O.Dehydrins are highly conserved drought-responsive proteins that protect plant cells, yet their molecular mode of action remains unclear. In maize (Zea mays), Dehydrin 1 (DHN1) is strongly induced by drought stress and is closely associated with stress-related metabolites including abscisic acid, (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), and proline. This study assessed the structural feasibility of direct small-molecule binding to DHN1 using molecular docking and pharmacophore-based virtual screening. Disorder prediction confirmed that DHN1 is predominantly intrinsically disordered, with conserved K-segments involved in macromolecular interactions. Docking analyses revealed uniformly weak binding affinities (−2.033 to −2.561 kcal/mol), consistent with non-specific and transient surface contacts. Although pharmacophore modeling modestly improved docking scores, inconsistent binding geometries and poor RMSD convergence indicated a lack of true structural complementarity. These results support the classification of DHN1 as a non-ligand-binding protein that functions primarily through macromolecular stabilization and membrane association, highlighting the need to align computational approaches with protein structural properties in plant stress biology.
- ItemApplication of QuEChERS-HPLC method for the analysis of aflatoxins in cereal-based foods.(Ambrose Alli University Journal of Physical & Applied Sciences, 2025-06-15) Ibraheem, A., Ishaq, A., Lawal, A. R., Aliu, M. A., Junaid, A. M., Lawal, A., Adeoye, O., Abdulrahman, A. N., Adekeye, S. O., Ogunniyi, D. R. and Abdulra'uf, L. B.This study presents the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, GI and G2 in cereal-based food (semolina) using QuEChERS extraction. Placket-Burman design was employed to screen significant factors of QuEChERS, while central composite design (CCD) was used to optimized significant factors. The validation of analytical methodology determined using optimized parameters gave average recoveries at two spiking levels ranging from 98.22 to 104.85 % for semolina samples stored at room temperature and 99.02 to 105.64 % for samples stored in the refrigerator. Linearity was found between 1 – 40 µg/kg with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99 and the LOD and LOQ ranges from 0.1810 – 1.1769 µg/kg and 0.6033 – 3.9230 µg/kg, respectively. Analysis of samples of two different brands of semolina (Mama Gold and Golden Penny) showed that, samples were contaminated with all the target aflatoxins at both storage conditions. Golden penny contained aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of 6.4565 µg/kg at day 1, while it was found at a concentration of 11.9752 µg/kg when stored for 21 days at room temperature. Aflatoxin B2 was found to increase from 7.5615 µg/kg at day 1 to 9.6744 µg/kg at day 21, while aflatoxin G1 increased from 8.5672 µg/kg to 9.0974 µg/kg and aflatoxin G2 from 4.7278 µg/kg at day 1 to 8.9562 µg/kg at day 21. A similar trend was found for Mama gold, with aflatoxin B1 from 8.4569 µg/kg to 11.9752 µk/kg, aflatoxin B2 from 8.7653 µg/kg to 11.6815 µg/kg, aflatoxin G1 from 9.5621 to 12.0987 µg/kg and G2 6.5682 11.7862 µg/kg. It was found that storing the food samples in the refrigerator reduced the growth of aflatoxin, with the reduction observed in the concentration of aflatoxins within days.