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- ItemTRENDS, INSTABILITY, AND DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF CASHEW NUTS PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA (1981-2021)(Bayero University, Kano Centre for Entrepreneurship Research and Training, 2024-06) Mahmud H.U, Adebayo C.O and Elrasheed M.MNigeria is the largest producer of cashew nuts in Africa and consistently ranking within the five global producers. Despite the abundant opportunities, its productivity has remained far below its potential. Therefore, this paper analyzed the trend, instability, and decomposition of cashew nuts production in Nigeria for three periods namely Period I (1981-2021), Period II (1981–2001), and Period III (2002–2021). In Period I, harvested area, yield and production exhibited both quadratic and cyclical trend effects with an increasing trend. While both Periods II and III, exhibits a linear trend, harvested area, yield and production at an increasing rate for Period II and decreasing rate for Period III. Harvested area for the three periods was relatively stable, there was instability in the fluctuations of yield and production for the whole periods. The decomposition analysis revealed an increase in production which was largely due to expansion of harvested area for the three periods, while the interaction between area and yield effect declined production output by 0.348%,0.26% and 0.21%. The study also found that production output has the highest instability index 67.76). To further stabilize cashew production in Nigeria, there is need for efficient resources allocation, coupled with flexible production systems.
- ItemDETERMINANTS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN CROP PRODUCTION AMONG SOME COMMERCIAL CROP FARMERS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA(Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria, 2022) Mahmud, H.UThe study was designed to find out the determinants of technical efficiency in production of some commercial crops in Niger State. Primary data was used for the study. Crop production was found to be inelastic with a decreasing return to scale for the farmers. The distribution and level of technical efficiencies for the farmers examined was found to be 74.2%. There was a significant difference in the technical efficiency level obtained. The determinants of technical efficiency observed in the study were age, household size, education level, farming experience and credit access for the farmers. The result showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the socio-economic factor and technical efficiency in crop production. It further indicated that 3.9% of the total variation in aggregate food crop production by these farmers was due to technical inefficiency. The study concluded that crop farmers are yet to achieve their best, as shown by their low technical efficiency (TE) value and low output levels, thus, calling for critical examination of technical efficiency, as a means of examining the role of higher efficiency level on agricultural output, particularly in the study area.
- ItemDETERMINANT FACTORS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN YAM PRODUCTION IN MORO LGA, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA.(Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria, 2023) Ismail, U. O. and Mahmud, H.UThis paper investigates the determinants factors of technical efficiency using the stochastic frontier production function which incorporates the inefficiency model. A sample of 150 yam farmers were randomly selected from 17 wards of Moro LGA in Kwara State, Nigeria. Data was collected from the respondents with the aid of a structured interview schedule. The empirical result showed that land size, fertilizer, seedling, and use of herbicides were the main factors determining technical efficiency while age, experience, household size and contact with extension agent were the main determinants of the technical inefficiency of yam farmers. The mean technical efficiency was 0.636 which means that 36.4% of the technical output was not achieved. The result also indicates that land size, fertilizer, seedling, and herbicides are significant in yam production. And a significant relationship between age, household size, extension contact and years of experience and the output of the yam producers as it influences their technical efficiencies. The study concludes that land size, fertilizer, seedling, and use of herbicides were the main factors determining technical efficiency while age, experience, household size and contact with extension agent were the main the main determinants of inefficiency and thus recommends youths be encouraged to form cooperative organization and into yam production with attractive incentives like easy access to farm inputs, cooperate financing, easy exposure to markets.
- ItemAnalysis of cashew nuts marketing in Kwara State, Nigeria(FUOYE Journal of Agriculture and Human Ecology, 2018) SA Salau, GO Popoola, BN NofiuThis study analysed cashew nut marketing in Kwara State, Nigeria. Data were collected from the respondents with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The analytical tools employed were the herfindahl index, descriptive, gross margin and regression analyses. The study revealed that most of the wholesale marketers (81.1%) were male with mean age of 33.5 years. The study revealed a monthly gross margin of N1, 821, 922. The average rate of returns to total investment was 25.5% implying that an average profit of N0.25k could be realized on every naira invested in cashew nuts marketing in the study area. The Herfindah index was 0.007 and this revealed that cashew nut market tended towards pure competition. The coefficient of multiple determinations (R2 ) was 0.506%, implying that about 51% of the total variation in output was explained by the independent variables. Moreover, the purchase cost (X1), transport cost (X3), agent cost (X4) and storage cost (X5) were indicated as the important variables determining the returns of cashew nut marketing. The marketing of cashew nuts is mostly affected by price instability due to the seasonal nature of cashew nut production, poor storage and processing facilities. Consequently, a controllable pricing system for efficient and effective marketing is recommended. Marketers are to ensure good quality nuts as well as observe good hygiene practices in drying, sorting and packaging of cashew nut to enhance their profitability. More researches into the production of high yielding varieties of cashew nuts and policies that lower the costs of marketing should be vigorously pursued.
- ItemThe Influence of Crop Production Intensification on Technical Efficiency of Maize-Based Farming Households in Kwara State, Nigeria(The International Journal of Organic Agriculture Research and Development, 2011) SA Salau, MO Adewumi, OA Omotesho, BA TsohoEfficiency Analysis is an issue of interest among economists in recent times, given that the overall productivity of an economic system is directly related to the efficiency of production of the components within the system. Thus, this study examined crop production intensification and technical efficiency of maize-based farming households in Kwara State, Nigeria. Data used for this study were obtained using structured questionnaire administered to 144 randomly selected maize-based farming households in Kwara state. The stochastic frontier production function methodology was used to empirically determine the level of technical efficiency of maize-based farming households as well as the factors that influence the efficiency. Given the specification of a Cobb-Douglass stochastic production function, in which the technical inefficiency effects are specified to be functions of several explanatory variables, the inefficiency effects of the smallholder farming households were significant. The estimated technical efficiency of the sampled households varied widely, ranging from 11.0% to 99.9%, with a mean value of 39.3%. Farming households were generally relatively not efficient, they still have room to increase the efficiency in their farming activities as about 60.7% efficiency gap from the optimum (100%) remains yet to be attained by all Kwara state maize-based farming households. Therefore, in the short run there is room for increase in technical efficiency of maize-based households in the study area. Farming experience, household size, credit access and crop production intensification were factors found significant in influencing the level of technical efficiency of Kwara state maize-based households.