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Abundance and diversity of insects associated with stored grains and tamarind in Nigeria
(Entomological Society of Poland, 2021-09-30)
Detailed information on insect pests of stored grains in Nigeria is lacking. A two-year survey was conducted to determine the species composition and abundance of insects associated with maize, millet, rice, sorghum and tamarind in eighteen locations across five agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. Sixteen coleopteran, lepidopteran and hymenopteran species were associated with stored products, with high species richness on cereal grains but low species richness on tamarind. Most of these insects are polyphagous on cereal grains, whereas the tamarind weevil Sitophilus linearis (Herbst, 1797) (Curculionidae), and Caryedon serratus (Oliver, 1790) (Chrysomelidae) were found only on tamarind in this study. The maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky, 1758), rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (Linneaus, 1763), lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Bostrichidae), rusty grain beetle Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens, 1831) (Laemophloeidae) and red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Tenebrionidae) were most abundant on stored grains. The tamarind weevil, C. serratus and the sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linneaus, 1758) (Silvanidae) were most abundant on tamarind. The hymenopterans Theocolax elegans (Westwood, 1874) (Pteromalidae), Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard, 1881) (Pteromalidae) and Cephalonomia waterstoni (Gahan, 1931) (Bethylidae) were the dominant parasitoids of larvae and pupae of the storage pests. Simpson index of diversity of insect species across locations ranged from low (0.63) to high (0.89).
Agronomic and economic performance of maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by seed bed configuration and weed control treatments
(Degruyter, 2021-05) Emmanuel Oyamedan Imoloame
Poor method of weed control and indiscriminate use of herbicides led to low yields, economic returns, and increasing environmental pollution in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. These prompted the conduct of field trials in the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons to determine the effects of seed bed configuration and weed control treatments on the agronomic and economic performance of maize. The treatments consisted of flat and ridge seed beds and six weed control treatments. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split plot arrangement and replicated thrice. Results showed that seed bed configuration had significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on weed density, but not on maize grain yield. All the weed control treatments significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced weed infestation and increased maize grain yields compared to the weedy check. Furthermore, Primextra at 1.5 kg active ingredient per hectare (kg a.i. ha−1) + One supplementary hoe weeding (SHW) at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS), Primextra + Paraforce at 1.5 + 0.7 kg a.i. ha−1, and Primextra + Guard force at 1.5 + 0.03 kg a.i. ha−1 applied on flat seed beds and two hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS + ridge produced higher yields, profit, and economic returns. Therefore, the above reduced herbicide rates applied on flat seed beds are recommended to farmers as alternatives to two hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS for profitable production of maize.
Agronomic Evaluation of the Soils of a Toposequence for Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Production in Odeda LGA, Ogun State
(Nigerian Journal of Soil and Tillage Research, 2018-05) Alabi, K. O.; Ajiboye, G.A.; Okeleye, K.A.; Aiboni, V.U.
A suitability evaluation of some soil used for rice production in Odeda LGA of Ogun State was carried out. The result indicated that the identified soil types were currently marginally or unsuitable (N1) for rice production because of the index of current productivity IPc that ranged between 1.13 and 5.32. However the result further indicated that with improve agronomic and soil management technique, the suitability of these soil can be improved to S1 or S2 (highly suitable / moderately suitable) .This experiment was carried out to determine the level of agronomic and soil improvement that will result in acceptable yield of rice on these soils. A 2×2×2 factorial trial was used to evaluate the performance of rice under different management and fertilizer regimes within each mapping unit for two seasons. The factor considered were two rice varieties (Ofada and NERICAI), two types of fertilizers (N: P: K 20:10:10 at 400kg/ha and cured poultry manure at 10t/ha) and two different management methods (traditional and improved agronomic methods). The performance of the rice varieties did not differ across the land suitability units but was significantly affected by management practices (P=0.05). Fertilizer application increased the yield of rice by 30% while the difference in yield resulting from improved traditional farming was 10%. Application of both mineral and organic fertilizers significantly [P<0.001] improved the growth and yield of rice with organic fertilizer having higher effects. In conclusion, the productive capacity of soils for rice production can be improved through the use of both organic and inorganic fertilizers.
ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTION AND THE LEVEL OF USE OF IMPROVED PROCESSING AND STORAGE FACILITIES AMONG RURAL WOMEN IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
(FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 2023-12) Olooto, F.M., Olatinwo, L. K., Ojo, J. A., Abdulrahman, O. L. and Akintola, B. O.
This research was carried out to assess the perception and the level of use of improved processing and storage facilities among rural women in Kwara State. Specifically, the study described socio-economic characteristics of rural women, assessed the frequency of use and ascertained perception of women on the use of improved processing and storage facilities. A three stage sampling procedure was used to select 160 rural women from who data was collected using structured interview schedule. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, mean and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Findings revealed that 60.6% were aged above 50years, 79.4% were married, 48.8% had no formal education while 62.5% were non-member of cooperative society. PPMC analysis between socio-economic characteristics and the use of improved processing/storage facilities among rural women indicated that level of formal education (p=0.002, r=0.240) and membership of agricultural society (p=003, r=0.237) showed positive significant relationship while age (p=0.000, r=-0.299) and marital status (p=0.000, r=- 0.308) showed negative significant relationship at p<0.05 level of significance. The study concluded that women in the study area were low users of improved processing and storage facilities despite having favourable perception towards using them. It was therefore recommended that extension service should engage in training women and dissemination of affordable processing and storage technologies to the rural communities.
ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) VARIETIES IN Striga INFESTED FIELDS IN THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF NIGERIA
(University of Maiduguri, 2011-09-13) N.A. Gworgwor; M.A. Garba' and E.O. Imoloame; and E.O. Imoloame
A field trial was conducted in two locations, at the Teaching and Research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri (1 1°50"N, 13° |0'E) and Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Technology Transfer Station at Gashua (12°56'N, 11°30'E) which are situated in the semi-arid region of Nigeria. The trials were conducted during the 2004 rainy season in order to assess the response of cowpea varieties to Striga gesnerioides infestation. The experiment consisted of 12 cowpea varieties as treatments viz: IT97K-568-18, IT98K-692, 1T97K-819-118, 1797K-205-8, ITOOK-1060, 1797K-499-35, 1797K-497-2, 1798K-205-10, IT97K-499-38, B-301, Borno brown and Dan' arbain. These treatments were laid in randomised complete block design (RCBD) and replicated 4 times. The data collected include, Striga shoot count, days to 50% flowering, number of pods/plant, number of seeds per pod and grain yield of cowpea. Results show that variettes 7797K-568-18 and IT00-1060 were tolerant to Striga gesnerioides as they supported significant higher Striga population and still produced significantly high grain yield. Variety 1T97K-819-118 was found to be resistant to Striga as it supported low Striga shoots and gave significantly high yield as well. The rest of the cowpea varieties gave low yields. The local variety Dan arbain was also considered tolerant as it supported significant high Striga population and gave high grain yields that were comparable to the maximum. Both the tolerant varieties, 1797K-568-18 and ITO0-1060 produced significantly higher mumber of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod and resulted in significantly higher grain yields which were comparable to the resistant variety, 1797K-819-118 in both locations and the combined mean. Cowpea grain yield was negatively correlated with days to 50% fowering but positively correlated with Striga infestation at 8, 10 and 12 WAS. Variety 1T97K-8/9-118 was found to combine the ability to resist Striga infestation with the production of higher grain yield comparable to the maximum. It could be recommended to farmers in the semi-arid zone of Nigeria. The tolerant varieties should be improved upon through further breeding to be able to resist Striga while maintaining their potential for higher yields. Key words: Striga gesnerioides, copea varieties, resistance, tolerance, Nigeria.
Assessment of land degradation status of three forest reserves under teak and gmelina plantation in South-West Nigeria
(Journal of Agriculture and Ecosystem Management, 2021-12-12) Alabi , K. O; Tobore , A.O; B. A. Senjobi
This study assessed the degradation status of the three forest reserves along a toposequence under exotics plantation of Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis with the aim of evaluating the deterioration level of the soil productivity in respect to human disturbance. Surface samples at depths of 0 - 15 cm and 15 - 30 cm were collected and soil laboratory analysis carried out to determine the soil properties of each site. Direct approach method was used to assess soil degradation status of these soils. The direct approach method showed that the soils at the three locations, both under teak and Gmelina plantation were seriously degraded physically, chemically and biologically. Onigambari were more degraded physically, chemically and biologically than other two locations with higher degradation in the upper slope segment. The type and degree of degradation observed on the two land use types across the locations are major factors to be considered in determining the suitable approach to soil improvement for sustainable management and production of timbers and non-wood products in our plantations
Assessment of Selected Soil Micronutrients Status in Kwara State University Teaching and Research Farm, Malete, Nigeria
(Badeggi Journal of Agricultural Research and Environment, 2022-09) Khadijat Alabi; Isaac Ade Afe; Rita Oyeyiola
Field research was conducted to determine the availability and condition of soil micronutrients at the Teaching and Research Farm in Malete. The goal of the study is to assess the distribution and status of micronutrients and how they relate to a few key soil characteristics. A total of 173 soil samples were collected and compressed into 7 composite samples. Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and Manganese (Mn) were the micronutrients determined in the laboratory using the Mehlich-III multi-nutrient extraction method. The particle size distribution (sand, silt, and clay), pH, and organic carbon of the soil were determined. The findings indicated that the soils of the teaching and research farm have a sandy loam texture, with sand concentrations of 80.64–82.64g/kg, silt at 6g/kg, and clay at 11.36–16.34g/kg. The results of the soil reaction revealed that the soils have minimal organic content (0.06-0.93g/kg) and are extremely acidic (5.1). The result of the soil micronutrients indicates that Fe content was high ((0.10-0.20mg/kg); copper was rated low (0.04-0.05 mg/kg); zinc was rated low (0.01-0.03 mg/kg) and manganese was also rated low (0.07-0.11mg/kg) respectively. The findings show that the key soil characteristics that affect the availability of micronutrients in the soil are sand particles, pH, and organic matter because of their substantial correlations. The highly substantial link between the investigated accessible micronutrients suggests that similar processes regulate both their availability and release to plants. Since the soils are suitable for the development of arable crops, additional applications of Fe-rich fertilizer won't be necessary, but a complementing supply of Fertilizers containing copper, zinc, and manganese is highly advised to improve the region's soil fertility.
Bee propolis as protectant of stored grains against insect pests’ damage in Kwara State, Nigeria
(Technoscience Journal for Community Development in Africa, 2020) Adeyemi Mufutau Ajao1, James Adebayo Ojo, Julius Akolawole Bamidele, Yussuf Uthman Oladimeji
The importance and widespread use of stored grains is potentially negated by insect pests and lack of efficient and environment friendly control methods. In this study we explored the use of propolis extracts as protectant of grains against damage caused by Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus. Bee propolis collected from beehives was diluted with ethanol to obtain 0%, 10%, 30%, 50% and 100% concentrations. 5ml each of the concentrations of propolis extract was applied to 100 g each of maize and cowpea grains infested with 10 pairs of tenera maize weevil and cowpea weevil respectively in 250 cm3 kilner jar and left for 35 days. Each treatment was replicated four times and arranged in the laboratory using completely randomised design. Data were collected on percentage grain damage, weight loss and insect mortality. Bee propolis extract significantly reduced (P < 0.05) grain weight loss and damage, and enhanced insect mortality. The effectiveness of propolis extract was concentration dependent. The phytochemical analysis of Apis mellifera propolis showed the presence of compound like phenol, flavonoid and tannin. Propolis extract application could be incorporated into integrated pest management (IPM) practices.
Characterization and classification of soils of a toposequence at Osun sacred grove, Nigeria
(Nigerian Journal of Soil Science, 2018-06-12) Senjobi , B. A; Alabi , K. O; Ajiboye , G.A; C.O., Adeofun
Rational use of forest resources without accurate knowledge of land and soil properties is a primary concern in achieving any millennium goal on afforestation. Hence, the morphological, physical and chemical properties of soils of a toposequence over coarse-grained granite gneiss at Osun sacred grove, in Osun State, south-Western Nigeria were studied. Three profile pits were dug under each landuse types (Teak and Gmelina plantations), making six pits in the location. Most of the pedons clearly expressed Argillic Bt horizon. Soil texture ranged from sandy loam to sandy clay loam. Soil structures ranged between medium sub-angular blocky and single grained. Bulk density values ranged from 1.31 to 1.69 gcm-3 and soils under teak plantation are generally higher in coarser texture with high gravel contents. The soils are slightly acidic. The soils had high base saturation, low CEC, and clay content increases with depth, regular decrease in organic carbon with an increase in depth is also observed. The soils are classified according to the United State Department of Agriculture (USDA, 2014) Soil Taxonomy and Food and Agriculture Organization- World Reference Base (FAO – WRB, 2014) as Alfisols and Inceptisol and having Udic moisture regime, under teak plantation, pedon 1, 2 and 3 were classified as Typic Kandiudalfs (Lixisols) , Lithic Dystrudepts (Leptosols) andPlinthaquic Kandiudalfs while under Gmelina plantation pedon 4,5 were classified as Typic Hapludalfs (Lixisols), and 6 as Aquic Kandiudalfs (Gleyic Lixisols). At the soil series level pedon 1,4 and 5 were classified as Iwo series, pedon 2 as Ekiti series, pedon 3 as Apomu series while pedon 6 was classified as Oba series
CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS OF KWARA STATE UNIVERSITY TEACHING AND RESEARCH FARM, MALETE, NIGERIA
(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), 2017-06) ALABI, K. O; WAHAB, A. A; LAWAL, O. O; ADEROLU, I. A; SENJOBI, B. A
Proper soil use is inched on understanding its physical and chemical properties. To this end, the soils of Kwara State University Teaching and Research farm, Malete, situated in the Southern Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria were characterized and classified according to the United State Department of Agriculture (USDA, 2014) Soil Taxonomy and Food and Agriculture Organization- World Reference Base (FAO – WRB, 2006). Soil survey was done to establish mapping units. Three profiles (0 -147 cm, 0-156 cm and 0-156 cm) were dug in each established mapping units along the toposequence of the area (upper, middle and lower slopes). Soil samples (0-19, 19-35, 35-86, 86-147 cm), (0-21, 21-41,41-61,61-156 cm), (0-40, 40-61, 61-91, 91-156 cm) were collected from the pedogenic horizons for soil characterization. The soils were deep (0-147 cm, 0-156 cm, depth) and well drained. The soil physical parameters like the textural classes identified ranged from sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The soils were moderately acidic to slightly acidic (pH 5.47 - 6.31). The macro nutrients (N, P), organic carbon (OC) and CEC of the soils were generally low with high base saturation (>50%). All the pedons had varying quantities of mottles and iron- manganese concretions. All pedons were classified as Alfisol, having ustic moisture regime and plinthite occupied more than half volume of soils within 150 cm depth. Therefore, they were classified as Typic Plinthustalfs (USDA) and as Plinthosol (FAO). At the soil series level, they were classified as Gambari series (Local classification by Smyth and Montgomery, 1962).
Coated Micronutrients and Organic Manures Impact on Soil Chemical Properties, Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)Moench)
(National Cereals Research Institute Badeggi, 2023-04-05) Olowoake Adebayo Abayomi
A field experiment was conducted in the 2022 growing seasons at the Kwara State University's Teaching and Research Farm in Malete, Kwara state. The goal was to ascertain how applying organic manure and micronutrient fertilizers together will affect the physicochemical properties of the soil, agronomic performance and Okra production (Abelmoshus esculentus).Treatments consisted of: T1-. Control. T2- 10 t/ha of Poultry manure + 10 kg/ha of Urea coated with Zn. T3- 10 t/ha of Poultry manure + 10 kg/ha of Crop Mix (17% Zn, 18% Mn, 2% B, 1% Fe and Cu). T4- 10 t/ha of Poultry manure + 10 kg/ha of Urea coated with B. T5- 10 t/ha of Cow dung + 10 kg/ha of Urea coated with Zn. T6- 10 t/ha of Cow dung + 10 kg/ha of Crop Mix (17% Zn, 18% Mn, 2% B, 1% Fe and Cu). T7- 10 t/ha of Cow dung + 10 kg/ha of Urea coated with B. T8- 10 t/ha of Goat manure + 10 kg/ha of Urea coated with Zn. T9- 10 t/ha of Goat manure + 10 kg/ha of Crop Mix (17% Zn, 18% Mn, 2% B, 1% Fe and Cu). T10- 10 t/ha of Goat manure + 10 kg/ha Urea coated with B. Application of 10 t/ha poultry manure plus 10 kg/ha of urea treated with zinc had a significant and additive impact on soil nutrients (N, P, K, Org C, Zn and Cu), while application of 10 t/ha poultry manure plus 10 kg/ha of crop mix containing 17% Zn, 18% Mn, 2% B, 1% Fe, and 1% Cu had a significant and additive impact on okra growth and yield (1,393.6 kg/ha). The results of this study showed that manure and micronutrient fertilizer might be combined to boost okra production.
Comparative Economic Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Grain Yield of Tropical Maize Varieties
(National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI), Nigeria, 2021-02-16) Lawal, O.O. Yusuf, T.M., Aliyu, O.M., Olowoake, A.A., Subair, S.K. and Nofiu, N.B.
Increasing demand for maize in Nigeria has resulted in high use of inorganic fertilizers and these fertilizers are expensive for peasant farmers who dominate farming in the country. The use of inorganic fertilizers also results in hidden cost borne by man and the ecosystem. In a search for a cost-effective and safer alternative, six maize varieties were evaluated using moringa, banana-peel, maize-stalk fertilizer (MBM) both in solid and foliar forms. Gross benefit, net benefit and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) were used to determine enterprises with the highest economic returns. The results showed that maize varieties treated with 90 kg/ha of NPK had the highest grain yield which was significantly comparable with MBM. The application of 120N+50P+40K rate of MBM to single cross hybrid, SCH LY1312-1, resulted in the highest benefit-cost ratio (15.16). MBM is economically more viable than NPK Fertilizer and its application in the solid (powdered) form before planting produced double economic returns compared to foliar application. Single cross hybrids gave better economic returns when the fertilizer was applied in solid form.
Comparative efficacy of three botanicals against Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in stored cowpea seeds
(Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control (Egyptian Society for Biological Control of Pests/Springer Nature), 2016-07) Ojo, J. A., O. S. Osunlola, & O. O. Longe
The pulverized roots of three indigenous plants – Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Petiveria alliaceae and Gliricidia sepium were used as biopesticide against Callosobruchus maculatus infesting stored cowpea as an alternative to synthetic insecticides. The laboratory bioassays were conducted at six levels of concentrations (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0g of the plant powder/25g cowpea seed) and the chemical insecticide Actellic Super™ 2% dust as standard check, for ovipostion deterrence and toxicity to adult C. maculatus at temperature of 28 ± 2˚C, relative humidity of 68 ± 5% and 12hour photoperiod. Results show that the efficacy of test botanicals were dose-dependents. Z. zanthoxyloides and P alliaceae were more toxic than G. sepium in that they cause 77% mortality 7days after application which is not significantly different from 100% mortality caused by Actellic Super™. Z. zanthoxyloides and P alliaceae inhibit reproduction between 70-99%, and seed weight loss between 0.8 – 1.7% compared to 10.4% loss in untreated control within 35 days of storage. Oviposition, F1 progeny emergence, seed damage and weight loss were highly reduced with increasing dosage level of the tested plant powder. However, Z. zanthoxyloides and P alliaceae were the most effective plant-derived insecticide in this study, their inclusion in integrated pest management could reduce the use of hazardous synthetic insecticides.
Comparative Evaluation of Organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF) and Mineral Fertilizer (NPK) on yield and quality of maize (Zea mays (L) Moench)
(Soil Science Society of Nigeria, 2008-05-12) Adeoye, G.O., M.K.C. Sridhar; O.O. AdeOluwa; M. Oyekunle, E.A. Makinde and Olowoake, A. A
Comparative study of cucumber (Cucumissativus L.) cultivars under or-ganic fertilizer treatments in the Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria
(ICC press, 2024-04-30) A. I. Afe; A. A. Olowoake; C. O. Akure; M. R. Babatunde
Purpose: The study investigated the growth and yield of cucumber cultivars under the influ-ence of the organic fertilizers application. Method: A 4 × 5 factorial combination of four cucumber cultivars (Poinsett, Marketer, Mar ketmore, and Darina hybrid) and four organic fertilizers (Sunshine, Aleshinloye, Gateway, KWASU organic-based fertilizer-KOBF, and the control) in a completely randomized design at the screen house and a randomized complete block in split-plot fashion in the field were replicated three times. Results: At 8 WAP in the screen house, the leaf areas and vine length at the control were sig nificantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to the treated plots with the application of organic ferti-lizers. The Darina hybrid had significantly longer fruit (17.8cm), thicker fruits (13.70 cm), and a higher Fruit yield per hectare (10083.23 kg) compared to other cultivars. In the field, regardless of the organic fertilizer applied, leaf area, fruit length, fruit circumference, and fruit yield per hectare produced at the control were significantly lower than where there were soil amendments. The treated plots with the application of KOBF had significantly more leaf ar-ea, longer and thicker fruits, and fruit yield per hectare compared to the application of other organic fertilizers. The fruit length (12.74 cm), fruit circumference (12.30 cm), and fruit yield per hectare (4048.29 kg) obtained with the application of Aleshinloye organic fertilizer were significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to other organic fertilizers. Conclusion: The Darina hybrid was superior to other cultivars with the application of KOBF organic fertilizerPurpose: The study investigated the growth and yield of cucumber cultivars under the influ-ence of the organic fertilizers application. Method: A 4 × 5 factorial combination of four cucumber cultivars (Poinsett, Marketer, Mar ketmore, and Darina hybrid) and four organic fertilizers (Sunshine, Aleshinloye, Gateway, KWASU organic-based fertilizer-KOBF, and the control) in a completely randomized design at the screen house and a randomized complete block in split-plot fashion in the field were replicated three times. Results: At 8 WAP in the screen house, the leaf areas and vine length at the control were sig nificantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to the treated plots with the application of organic ferti-lizers. The Darina hybrid had significantly longer fruit (17.8cm), thicker fruits (13.70 cm), and a higher Fruit yield per hectare (10083.23 kg) compared to other cultivars. In the field, regardless of the organic fertilizer applied, leaf area, fruit length, fruit circumference, and fruit yield per hectare produced at the control were significantly lower than where there were soil amendments. The treated plots with the application of KOBF had significantly more leaf ar-ea, longer and thicker fruits, and fruit yield per hectare compared to the application of other organic fertilizers. The fruit length (12.74 cm), fruit circumference (12.30 cm), and fruit yield per hectare (4048.29 kg) obtained with the application of Aleshinloye organic fertilizer were significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to other organic fertilizers. Conclusion: The Darina hybrid was superior to other cultivars with the application of KOBF organic fertilizer
Comparative training needs' assessment of actors within the ecological organic agriculture value chain in Northern Nigeria.
(Network of Organic Agriculture Researchers of Africa (NOARA), 2018-11) Yusuf, O. J. A. A. Olowoake, J. A. Ojo & I. A. Afe.
The study assessed the training needs of EOA practitioners in Northern Nigeria, with a view to identifying core areas where interventions are required. Purposive sampling procedure was used in selecting one state from each of the three (3) zones in Northern Nigeria, viz; Yobe state in North-east, Kebbi state in North west and Niger state in North-central because these states are prominent in practicing organic farming in Northern Nigeria. Simple random sampling procedure was then used to select fifty-one (51) farmers, fifty-two (52) extension agents and fifty-two (52) marketers across the states, giving a total of one hundred and fifty-five (155) respondents sampled for the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistical tool while 'Response Mapping' of mean score was used for comparative analysis of actors' training needs. Results showed that majority of the respondents were male {farmers (92.2%), extension agents (82.7%) marketers (76.9%)}. Mean age of farmer was 53.9 years, while those of extension agent and marketers were 39.0 and 40.1 years, respectively. EOA actors mostly sourced information through training/workshop, NOAN and TV. Response mapping of training needs indicated that 'composting/vermin composting', 'Biological method of Pest andDisease control', 'Bio-fertilizer' and 'Bio-rotation method of Pest and Disease management techniques' were EOA components where actors mostly needed training. The study concluded on urgent need for gender mainstreaming and young farmers' involvement in organic agriculture
Comparison of complete mitochondrial DNA sequences between old and new world strains of the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae).
(Agri Gene (Elsevier), 2017-03) Sun, W., Huynh, B. L., J. A. Ojo, Coates, B. S., Kusi, F., Roberts, P. A., & Pittendrigh, B. R
Mitochondrial DNA provides useful tools for inferring population genetic structure within a species and phyloge netic relationships between species. The complete mitogenome sequences were assembled from strains of the cowpea aphids, Aphis craccivora, from the old (15,308 bp) and new world (15,305 bp) using shotgun Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequence reads. The A. craccivora mitogenomes have 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs in the same order and orientation found among Insecta. The two A. craccivora mitogenomes do not contain long intergenic repeats as found in other members of the family Aphididae. Com parisons between strains indicated a 99.7% sequence identity, wherein 57 and 11 substitutions were respectively predicted among reads from new and old world strains. Among these substitutions, 31 and 2 were in PCGs of new world and old world aphids, respectively, and out of which 28 and 2 were nonsynonymous. A majority of the sub stitutions were in NADH Dehydrogenase subunit 1. Phylogenetic analysis of full mitogenomes sequences predict ed that Aphididae as monophyletic and clustered with Pterocommatinae and Aphidinae at subfamily level.
Comparison of full mitochondrial genomes for the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae and the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
(Elsevier, 2016) James Adebayo Ojo, M. Carmen Valero, Weilin Sun, Brad S. Coates, Adebayo Amos Omoloye, Barry R. Pittendrigh
Complete mitochondrial genome sequences were assembled for the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (17,602 bp) and the maize weevil, S. zeamais (18,105 bp; Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae), which encode 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs that is typical among Animalia. The A + T-rich con trol regions of S. oryzae (2818 bp) and S. zeamais (2832 bp) are the longest described to date among curculionoidea (weevils). Additionally, non-coding intergenic regions have increased in size due to expansion of tandem repeat arrays, but is more pronounced in S. zeamais (606 bp) compared to S. oryzae (109 bp). A total of 69 and 22 substitution mutations were found among reads from S. oryzae and S. zeamais, out of which 68 and 2 were predicted in the PCGs respectively, with a majority in NADH Dehydrogenase subunit I. Phylogenet ic analyses of coleopteran insects based upon full mitogenomes PCG sequence supported the existence of Curculionoidea and Tenebrionoidea as a monophyletic group, whereas the Cucujoidea and Elateroidea remain paraphyletic. The mitogenomes of these two Sitophilus species provide insight into short-term evolutionary relationships among curculionid beetles, and provide resources for the potential deciphering of more broad systematic questions in the Order Coleoptera.
Critical period of weed interference in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in a humid forest and Rainforest-Savanna transition zones of Eastern and Western Nigeria: A Review
(International scholars Journals, 2013-08-19) Imoloame EO
Data for this review were obtained from the research conducted in Owerri, in the humid forest zone of Nigeria (latitudes 50o 20’N and 50o 27’N and between longitudes 7oE and 7o 07’E) in 2007 and 2008, in Ibadan ( latitude 7o 23', longitude 3o 53'E) and Ogbomosho (latitude 8o 8'N, longitude 4o 16' E) in the rainforest – savanna transition ecological zones. The objective was to determine the critical period of weed control in okra. In both humid forest and rainforest – savanna transition ecological zones, the critical period of weed control was observed to be between 2 weeks after sowing (WAS) and harvest. However in areas dominated by Tithonia diversifolia weeds in the forest-savanna transitional zone, the critical period of weed control in okra was observed to be between 2 and 4 WAS during the rainy season and only one hoe weeding at 2 (WAS) in the dry season was enough.
Development and life history of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on cereal crops
(Advances in Agriculture (Wiley/Hindawi), 2016-09-19) Ojo, J. A. & Omoloye, A. A.
The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most destructive pests of stored cereals. Knowledge of the life history and biology is important to the development of an integrated pest management program. Investigation was carried out on developmental biology of S. zeamais on four main cereal crops, maize, rice, sorghum, and millet, under laboratory conditions. Egg incubation, oviposition periods, and larval instar development were not different significantly among the food hosts. Number of eggs laid varied significantly among the cereal grains; mean fecundity was highest on maize (67.2 ± 3.16) and lowest on millet (53.8 ± 0.17). Number of immature (larva and pupa) and adult stages varied significantly among the cereal grains. There exist four larval instars with a varied mean head capsule width, with a mean total instar larval developmental period of 23.1, 22.2, 22.2, and 21.6 d on maize, rice, sorghum, and millet, respectively. There was linear relationship and significant correlation between the stages of larval development and head capsule width. The mean developmental period from egg to adult varied, being highest on maize (34.7 d) and lowest on sorghum (33.5 d)

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