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- ItemASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) VARIETIES IN Striga INFESTED FIELDS IN THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF NIGERIA(University of Maiduguri, 2011-09-13) N.A. Gworgwor; M.A. Garba' and E.O. Imoloame; and E.O. ImoloameA field trial was conducted in two locations, at the Teaching and Research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri (1 1°50"N, 13° |0'E) and Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Technology Transfer Station at Gashua (12°56'N, 11°30'E) which are situated in the semi-arid region of Nigeria. The trials were conducted during the 2004 rainy season in order to assess the response of cowpea varieties to Striga gesnerioides infestation. The experiment consisted of 12 cowpea varieties as treatments viz: IT97K-568-18, IT98K-692, 1T97K-819-118, 1797K-205-8, ITOOK-1060, 1797K-499-35, 1797K-497-2, 1798K-205-10, IT97K-499-38, B-301, Borno brown and Dan' arbain. These treatments were laid in randomised complete block design (RCBD) and replicated 4 times. The data collected include, Striga shoot count, days to 50% flowering, number of pods/plant, number of seeds per pod and grain yield of cowpea. Results show that variettes 7797K-568-18 and IT00-1060 were tolerant to Striga gesnerioides as they supported significant higher Striga population and still produced significantly high grain yield. Variety 1T97K-819-118 was found to be resistant to Striga as it supported low Striga shoots and gave significantly high yield as well. The rest of the cowpea varieties gave low yields. The local variety Dan arbain was also considered tolerant as it supported significant high Striga population and gave high grain yields that were comparable to the maximum. Both the tolerant varieties, 1797K-568-18 and ITO0-1060 produced significantly higher mumber of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod and resulted in significantly higher grain yields which were comparable to the resistant variety, 1797K-819-118 in both locations and the combined mean. Cowpea grain yield was negatively correlated with days to 50% fowering but positively correlated with Striga infestation at 8, 10 and 12 WAS. Variety 1T97K-8/9-118 was found to combine the ability to resist Striga infestation with the production of higher grain yield comparable to the maximum. It could be recommended to farmers in the semi-arid zone of Nigeria. The tolerant varieties should be improved upon through further breeding to be able to resist Striga while maintaining their potential for higher yields. Key words: Striga gesnerioides, copea varieties, resistance, tolerance, Nigeria.
- ItemSorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) Growth and Yield As Influenced by Weed Infestation, Spacing and Number of Plants/Stand in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria(2015 Beth-Bekka Academic Publishers Ltd, 2015-12-18) Emmanuel O. ImoloameField trials were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the College of Agriculture, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria, during the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The aim was to determine the effects of plant spacing and number of plants per stand on weed infestation and yield of sorghum in the southern Guinca savanna of Nigeria. The treatments consisted of three plant spacings at 90 x 60 cm, 75 x 50 cm and 75 x 25 cm, which were allocated to the main plot, while the number of plants per stand, namely: 1 plant, 2 plants 3 plants, 4 plants, 5 plants and 6 plants/stand were allocated to the sub-plots, making a total number of 18 treatments. These treatments were laid out in a split plot arrangement fitted into a randomized complete bock design with three replicates. Parameters measured include weed cover scores, weed dry matter, plant height, 1000-seed weight and grain yield. Results showed that wider plant spacings supported weed infestation that were significantly higher than narrower spacings, though it produced significantly highest grain yield. Number of plants/stand had no significant effect on grain yield. Therefore, spacing at 90 × 60 cm and 1- 6 plants/stand are suitable for the production of higher yields of sorghum in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria.
- ItemComparative efficacy of three botanicals against Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in stored cowpea seeds(Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control (Egyptian Society for Biological Control of Pests/Springer Nature), 2016-07) Ojo, J. A., O. S. Osunlola, & O. O. LongeThe pulverized roots of three indigenous plants – Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Petiveria alliaceae and Gliricidia sepium were used as biopesticide against Callosobruchus maculatus infesting stored cowpea as an alternative to synthetic insecticides. The laboratory bioassays were conducted at six levels of concentrations (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0g of the plant powder/25g cowpea seed) and the chemical insecticide Actellic Super™ 2% dust as standard check, for ovipostion deterrence and toxicity to adult C. maculatus at temperature of 28 ± 2˚C, relative humidity of 68 ± 5% and 12hour photoperiod. Results show that the efficacy of test botanicals were dose-dependents. Z. zanthoxyloides and P alliaceae were more toxic than G. sepium in that they cause 77% mortality 7days after application which is not significantly different from 100% mortality caused by Actellic Super™. Z. zanthoxyloides and P alliaceae inhibit reproduction between 70-99%, and seed weight loss between 0.8 – 1.7% compared to 10.4% loss in untreated control within 35 days of storage. Oviposition, F1 progeny emergence, seed damage and weight loss were highly reduced with increasing dosage level of the tested plant powder. However, Z. zanthoxyloides and P alliaceae were the most effective plant-derived insecticide in this study, their inclusion in integrated pest management could reduce the use of hazardous synthetic insecticides.
- ItemRecent advances in cowpea IPM in West Africa(Frontiers in Agronomy (Frontier), 2023-08-21) Togola, A., Datinon, B., Laouali, A., Traoré, F., Agboton, C., J. A. Ojo, Pittendrigh, B. R., Boukar, O. & Tamo, M.Cowpea is an important and climate-resilient grain legume for human and livestock nutrition worldwide. Its grains represent a valuable source of protein for rural families in Sub-Saharan Africa while its haulms offer nutritious fodder for livestock, especially, in the Sahel regions. Cowpea production, unfortunately, faces substantial challenges of field and storage insect pests which can cause up to 100% losses. The use of synthetic pesticides, although providing farmers with a good level of pest control, has underscored the critical need for the development of integrated pest management (IPM) alternatives, due to their detrimental effects on humans, animals and the environment. This review examines recent advances in West Africa in cowpea IPM approaches, highlighting research on host plant resistance, biological control, biopesticides, good cultural practices, and on-farm participatory research and training undertaken to support sustainable cowpea production. Numerous IPM options have been developed, tested and validated for combating cowpea insect problems in West Africa by research institutions and disseminated through farmer field schools (FFS), field demonstrations, training sessions, and community-based education. Reviewing these environmentally safer and scalable IPM innovations will provide cowpea stakeholders with insights into workable, sustainable solutions for minimizing crop pest problems, reducing reliance on harmful pesticides and ultimately ensuring the long-term viability of cowpea production and its contribution to food security.
- ItemThe complete mitochondrial genome of Anoplocnemis curvipes F. (Coreinea, Coreidae, Heteroptera), a pest of fresh cowpea pods(Mitochondrial DNA Part B (Taylor and Francis), 2017-06) Valero, M. C. J. A. Ojo, W. Sun, M. Tamò, B. S. Coates & B. R. PittendrighThe complete 16,345-bp mitochondrial genome of the agriculturally destructive pod sucking pest, the giant coreid bug, Anoplocnemis curvipes (Hemiptera: Coreidae), was assembled from paired-end Illumina HiSeq 2500 reads. The A. curvipes mitochondrial genome consists of 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and a control region in the order and orientation typical among insects. PCG initiation codons (ATG, ATC, ATT and ATA) with termination codon (TAA) are used with the exception of TAG stop codons by Cytb and ND3. All tRNA genes fold into predicted cloverleaf secondary structures hav ing requisite triplets on the anticodon loop, apart from tRNA-Ser1 (AGN) whose dihydrouridine (DHU) arm forms a simple loop. The phylogenetic analysis of hemipteran mitogenomes clusters to the family level and supports the monophyly of the five superfamilies in Pentatomomorpha of Hemiptera. The Coreoidea and Pyrrhocoroidea are sister groups, while Coreidae and Alydidae are sister groups to Rhopalidae. These analyses provide insight to mitogenomics and evolutionary relationships among pen tatomoid insects.