Department of Plant and Environmental Biology

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BIOCHAR EFFECT ON SEED GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF MONOCOTS IN SPENT-OIL-CONTAMINATED SOIL
(South Western Journal of Horticulture, Biology and Environment, 2023-12-31) Ogunremi , Olamide Omolafe; Amubieya Omolara Faith; Fatoba Paul Ojo
Effect of Soil Types on Two Accessions of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(Equity Journal of Science and Technology, 2022-08-30) Kehinde Gabriel Olawepo, Oluseye Clement Ogunkunle, Patience O. Ben-Uwabor, Damilola Rachael Awotunde, Ojo Paul Fatoba
The Experiment was conducted on different soil types at the Botanical Garden of the University of Ilorin. The project was aimed at comparing the performance and yield of two (2) varieties (NGB00722 and NGB00692) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) on loamy, sandy and clay soils. The results showed that the most suitable soil type for both tomato varieties is loamy soil. The variety, NGB00722, produced fruits, while NGB00692 did not produce any fruit due to the abortion of all the flowers formed. It was deduced that NGB00692 was probably not adapted to the environmental condition of the experimental site after receiving an adequate and equal amount of watering. Tomato in sandy soil, although had recorded the highest (7.60) amount of magnesium absorption, grew relatively better than that of clay, but both did not grow as much as that grown on loamy soil. There was a low (0.64) amount of ash in the fruit of tomatoes in loamy soil. This research work showed that the most suitable soil type for tomato variety NGB00722 is loamy soil
Effect of Soil Types on Two Accessions of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(Equity Journal of Science and Technology, 2022-08-30) Kehinde Gabriel Olawepo, Oluseye Clement Ogunkunle, Patience O. Ben-Uwabor, Damilola Rachael Awotunde, Ojo Paul Fatoba.
The Experiment was conducted on different soil types at the Botanical Garden of the University of Ilorin. The project was aimed at comparing the performance and yield of two (2) varieties (NGB00722 and NGB00692) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) on loamy, sandy and clay soils. The results showed that the most suitable soil type for both tomato varieties is loamy soil. The variety, NGB00722, produced fruits, while NGB00692 did not produce any fruit due to the abortion of all the flowers formed. It was deduced that NGB00692 was probably not adapted to the environmental condition of the experimental site after receiving an adequate and equal amount of watering. Tomato in sandy soil, although had recorded the highest (7.60) amount of magnesium absorption, grew relatively better than that of clay, but both did not grow as much as that grown on loamy soil. There was a low (0.64) amount of ash in the fruit of tomatoes in loamy soil. This research work showed that the most suitable soil type for tomato variety NGB00722 is loamy soil.
Evaluation of Seasonal Variations of Lead Concentration and Proximate Composition of Amaranthus hybridus Grown and Consumed in Ilorin, Kwara State, NorthernNigeria
(African Journal of Applied Sciience and Environmental Management, 2024-07-02) *BEN-UWABOR, PO; 2OLAHAN, GS; 3 IYAPO, KA
This paper evaluates the seasonal variations in Pb concentrations and proximate composition of Amaranthus vegetable (Amaranthus hybridus) grown and consumed in Ilorin, Kwara State, Northern-Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques in order to ascertain its suitability for consumption. The results obtained varied with the sampling locations with the mean concentration of the Pb in soil, water and plant ranged from (1.58- 82.00mg/kg) soil, (0.11-19.37mg/l) water and (0.00-5.93 mg/kg shoots; 0.67-5.33 mg/kg roots). The values for proximate content showed that moisture content ranged from (6.38-9.99 %), ash content (2.46-6.44 %), crude protein (10.59-18.60%), crude fibre (1.63-2.39%), crude fat (3.09-4.83%) and carbohydrate (64.30-75.30%). The result obtained reveal significant level of contamination of irrigation water and Amaranthus hybridus as most values obtained were above the permissible limits, hence, the vegetable may constitute health hazard for the consumers. The study hence suggests that growing of the edible crops around locations that are Pb polluted should be discouraged. As for the proximate content, the values obtained are indication that all the samples had lower values of protein, fibre, and carbohydrates than the WHO recommended values for suitable dietary intake, though, with a high probability of storage due to their significant low moisture content. This underscores the nutritive value as a viable option for plant base nutrients for consumption, but as option for Pb remediation
Evaluation of Seasonal Variations of Lead Concentration and Proximate Composition of Amaranthus hybridus Grown and Consumed in Ilorin, Kwara State, NorthernNigeria
(J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, 2024-07-02) *BEN-UWABOR, PO; 2OLAHAN, GS; 3 IYAPO, KA
This paper evaluates the seasonal variations in Pb concentrations and proximate composition of Amaranthus vegetable (Amaranthus hybridus) grown and consumed in Ilorin, Kwara State, Northern-Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques in order to ascertain its suitability for consumption. The results obtained varied with the sampling locations with the mean concentration of the Pb in soil, water and plant ranged from (1.58- 82.00mg/kg) soil, (0.11-19.37mg/l) water and (0.00-5.93 mg/kg shoots; 0.67-5.33 mg/kg roots). The values for proximate content showed that moisture content ranged from (6.38-9.99 %), ash content (2.46-6.44 %), crude protein (10.59-18.60%), crude fibre (1.63-2.39%), crude fat (3.09-4.83%) and carbohydrate (64.30-75.30%). The result obtained reveal significant level of contamination of irrigation water and Amaranthus hybridusas most values obtained were above the permissible limits, hence, the vegetable may constitute health hazard for the consumers. The study hence suggests that growing of the edible crops around locations that are Pb polluted should be discouraged. As for the proximate content, the values obtained are indication that all the samples had lower values of protein, fibre, and carbohydrates than the WHO recommended values for suitable dietary intake, though, with a high probability of storage due to their significant low moisture content. This underscores the nutritive value as a viable option for plant base nutrients for consumption, but as option for Pb remediation.
FUNGICIDAL EFFECT OF TEAK (TECTONA GRANDIS L.) LEAF EXTRACTS ON FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM
(Annals of West University of Timisoara, 2023-12-30) Olahan , G.S; Ajadi I; Ben-Uwabor, P.O.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is the pathogen of tomato wilt, a disease of great economic importance worldwide. Although application of synthetic fungicides such as thiophanate methyl and mancozeb can prevent the occurrence of this disease, their effects on the physical environment especially, is a limiting factor. Botanicals, i.e. plant-based fungicides are now being preffered for controlling fungal pathogens because they have minimal environmental impact and are less dangerous to consumers in contrast to synthetic fungicides. Teak leaves have been reported to possess a very great antimicrobial activity because of their high content of phytochemicals. In an effort to develop eco-friendly chemical strategy for control of Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plants, in vitro effect of 10, 30 and 50% (w/v) concentrations of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of teak (Tectona grandis L.) on the radial growth of the mycelia of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was investigated using the pour plate method. Results of the study revealed that both extracts retarded the radial growth of mycelia of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici compared to that of the control, with the ethanolic extract having a greater effect at the concentrations tested in this study. It is therefore recommended that an in vivo study of effects of the same leaf extracts on wilt-infected tomato plants be conducted
Heavy Metal Status of Major Vegetable Farmsoils in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria
(Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 2020-03) BEN-UWABOR, PO; 2OLAWEPO, GK; 3OGUNKUNLE, CO; 4FATOBA, PO
Soils in developing areas have been confirmed by researchers to be contaminated with heavy metals which are a major category of pollutants. Previous projects had been carried out to ascertain different levels of heavy metals in soils but this paper targets heavy metals and degree of pollution of major vegetable farm soils in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State, Northern Nigeria. Therefore, this work aimed at determining the; concentrations of total heavy metals (HMs) and the pollution index of the major vegetable farm soils. Total cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in soils were determined by acid digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. Data generated were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and mean separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% significance. HMs in soils were: Cd (0.00-4.67), Cu (1.71-30.08) and Pb (1.29-82.00) mg/kg with pH range of 6.62-9.33 and pollution index range of Cd (0.00-2.90), Cu (0.86- 11.72) and Pb (0.70-14.30). Some soils showed elevated concentration of Cd and Pb higher than the recommended permissible – limit (Cd=1.00 mg/kg, Pb=70.00mg/kg) with pollution index of HMs ranged from low pollution to very strong pollution (0.00±0.00- 14.30±1.77) . The study therefore, suggested that there could be a risk of Cd and Pb associated diseases on the consumption of vegetables planted on some of these soils.
Heavy Metal Uptake Responses in Plants Grown on Crude Oil-Polluted Soils as Prospects for Phytoremediation
(J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, 2020-07) *OLAWEPO, GK; 1OGUNKUNLE, CO; 1FATOBA, PO; 1ANIMASAUN, DA; 2BENUWABOR, PO; 3DANZAKI, MM
The demand and utilization of petroleum products have re-energized its exploration and exploitation globally and this upsurge in world production, refining and distribution of petroleum products have brought with it various problems of environmental pollution, which have effects on the ecosystems. Twenty (24) polyethylene pots each containing 7 kg of sandy loam soil mixed with 50 ml of crude oil, were arranged in the Botanical garden of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria, to assess their ability to phytoextract heavy metals in Crude oil-polluted soil. Seeds of Amaranthus hybridus L., Tithonia diversifolia, Abelmoschus esculentus L. and Zea mays were sown in polyethylene containers containing 7 kg of contaminated or Control soil. The containers were arranged in a complete randomized design. Plants were left to grow for two months with regular watering. Plants were harvested, separated into roots and shoots and oven-dried to constant weight. The experimental plants have been able to reduce the concentration of Cu in both soils by about 45% to 85%, Cr in the soil by 92.08% to 96.72%, as the residual concentration varied between 66.00 mg/kg and 99.00 mg/kg, Cd in the soil was reduced to 4.00 mg/kg and 17 mg/kg which represented 96.8% and 86.4% reduction. Tithonia had the highest Pb reduction in crude oilpolluted soil. Ni concentration was reduced by 85.84% by Tithonia planted in crude oil-polluted soil, 94.59% by Amaranthus hybridus planted in Control soil. These show that all the test plants were good phytoextractors of the metals.
Influence of Biochar on Lead –Induced Oxidative Damage and AntiOxidative Defense Mechanisms on the Leaf of Solanum lycopersicum (L.) (Tomato)
(Jewel Journal of Scientific Research (JJSR), 2024-06-23) Amubieya, Omolara Faith
This study examined the impact of biochar derived from kolanut pods on the growth of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and its ability to mitigate oxidative stress caused by lead (Pb) toxicity. A pot experiment was conducted in artificially Pb-contaminated soil, utilizing various levels of biochar application (1%, and 3% w/w). Tomato seedlings were cultivated under four treatment conditions for 74 days; control, soil spiked with 250 mg Pb/kg, soil spiked with 250 mg Pb /kg and treated with 1% biochar, and soil spiked with 250 mg Pb and treated with 3% biochar. Growth parameters, which include the plant height, leaf number, stem girth, leaf area, number of petiole and petiole length were monitored. The findings indicated heightened oxidative stress in plants grown in soil solely spiked with Pb. Application of 1% biochar enhanced plant growth, whereas a higher dose (3%) hindered growth. Both 1% and 3% biochar treatments reduced oxidative stress and improved antioxidant activities compared to the control and Pb-contaminated soil without biochar amendment. Consequently, the application of biochar to soil contaminated with Pb shows promise in mitigating the hazards posed by lead (Pb) toxicity in plant.
PHYTOAVAILABLILITY AND FRACTIONATION OF CADMIUM AND LEAD IN VEGETABLE FARM SOILS IN ILORIN, NORTH-CENTRAL, NIGERIA
(Ife Journal of Science, 2021-05-03) Ben-Uwabor, P. O. *, Olawepo, G. K. , Ogunkunle, C. O. , Fatoba, O. P.
Heavy metal dynamics, bioavailability and fractionation are of great importance to measure soil toxicity, in soil. However, reports showed that not much has been done to evaluate these parameters in vegetable farm soils in Ilorin metropolis. These parameters aid in assessing and extent of heavy metal viability in soil. Therefore, soils were collected from major vegetable farms in Ilorin metropolis, sorted, Thus, this study investigated the bioavailable Cd and Pb and their fractionation in vegetable farm soils in Ilorin metropolis. These experiments were conducted by , sequential extraction and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, alongside analysis of some key soil properties. The results showed that the soil pH ranged from 6.62±0.04 to 7.18±0.03, organic matter 2.05 target heavy metals in the sampling areas were potentially bioavailable with phytoavailable concentration ranges of . The target heavy metals showed a high viability of the soluble and exchangeable form in most soils and in both seasons which would greatly contribute to their availability to plant uptake and soil toxicity. There is also a threat of oxidization of the potentially available Cd and Pb in other forms due to pH ranges of most of the studied soils. Therefore, vegetable farm soils in Ilorin metropolis are polluted with Cd and Pb and may have high risk of causing human health problems when vegetables grown on the soils are consumed; which calls for remediation of most of the soils. , Ife Journal of Science vol. 23, no. 1 (2021) 031 INTRODUCTION Heavy metals abound naturally in soil environment, as a result of processes of weathering of parent materials at levels that are regarded as trace and rarely toxic substance, and also from human anthropogenic activities (Herawati et al, 2010). Of the heavy metals that abound, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are common and widely studied contaminants because of their spectrum of use in production of lead-acid batteries, lead-based paints, automobiles, oil refineries, and antiknock in petrol (Ying et al., 2013). In terms of environmental concentration, Pb is the heavy metal closest to the level in which toxic signs manifest than any other substance (Iwegbue et al., 2013). Heavy metal distribution, dynamics and transport in soil depend significantly on their chemical forms (Debnárová and Doleţa, 2010). Once in the soil, heavy metals are adsorbed by initial fast reactions (minutes, hours)
Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Bio-Active Component Analysis of Platycerium Superbum (L.) Methanolic Extract
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2018) Abiola G. Femi-Adepoju *, Adeyinka O. Adepoju , Felicia A. Durodola , Mariam A. Akanbi-Gada .
Plants have been considered for several years to be a valuable source of compounds that can be active against the activity of many pathogenic organisms but lower plants are rarely considered useful in many cases. In this study, the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) analysis was carried out on P. superbum methanolic extract following standard procedures from earlier reports. The qualitative phytochemical screening result revealed the presence of important phytochemicals like tannin, saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, protein, terpenoid, oxalate, glycoside, anthraquinone, and phytobiotin in the plant extract. Flavonoid has the highest quantity of 6.69mg/g while terpenoid has the lowest quantity of 0.66mg/g. The result of the antimicrobial activity of P. superbum revealed that the plant extract compared with some standard drugs like Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin, Septrin and Gentamycin had significantly the same level of activity at certain concentrations while the extract showed greater potency against the test microbes at some other concentrations.
Phytoremediation Potentials of Selected Plants in Crude Oil-Polluted Soils
(Jewel Journal of Scientific Research, 2020-10-10) Olawepo, G. K1*, Ben-Uwabor, P. O.2, Ogunkunle, C. O.1, Danzaki, M. M.3, and Fatoba, P. O.
Phytoextraction involves the absorption of contaminants by roots followed by translocation and accumulation in the aerial parts. It is mainly applied to metals (Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb) but can also be used for other elements (Se, As) and organic compounds. Experiments were carried out with 24 polyethylene pots each containing 7 kg of sandy loam soil mixed with 50 ml of crude oil. Twelve containers contained the crude oil-polluted soil while the remaining twelve containers contained the Control soil. Seeds of Amaranthus hybridus L., Tithonia diversifolia, Abelmoschus esculentus L. and Zea mays were sown in polyethylene containers containing 7 kg of contaminated or Control soil. The seeds were sown after two weeks of spiking the soil with crude oil. After two months, plants were harvested, separated into roots and shoots. Five heavy metals, namely Copper, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium and Nickel were evaluated. On the basis of the results obtained, the plants were classified as accumulators, hyperaccumulators, indicators or excluders. The results showed that Z. mays has the ability to accumulate Cu, stabilize Pb and Ni in crude oil-polluted soils. Z. mays is an excluder of Cr and Cd in crude oil-polluted soil. Z. mays showed suitability for Cr accumulation in Control soil with TF > 1 but less suitable for Pb extraction in Control soil with BCF, TF and BAF < 1. A. esculentus is suitable for phytoextraction of Cu, Cr and Pb, phytostablize Ni and Cd in Control soil. A. esculentus proved suitable for Cd phytoextraction in crude oil-polluted soil but less suitable for Ni extraction in crude oil-polluted soil. A. hybridus is an accumulator of Cu, Cd and Pb, stabilizer of Cr and Ni of crude oil-polluted and an excluder for Cr and Ni for Control soil. T. diversifolia was the most efficient in remediating Cu and Cd in crude oil-polluted soil. A. esculentus had the highest remediation factor in both crude oil-polluted (0.0475%) and Control soil (0.048%). A. esculentus was the most efficient at remediating Cd in crude oil-polluted soil, while T. diversifolia was the most efficient in the remediation of Cd in Control soil.
Seed weight and Morpho-physiological parameters in Mango (Mangifera indica) seedlings
(Croatian Society of Agronomist, 2011-05-12) K.S. Olorunmaiye
Seeds from a local variety of Mango (Mangifera indica) were collected shortly after the seasonal fruiting period between March and May, 2009. The seeds were sorted into four groups tagged, very heavy, heavy, medium and light (25-32, 20-24,16-19 and10- 15g) respectively. The study investigated the effect of seed weight on the number of seedlings per seed, stem height, number of leaves, and seedling dry weight. The results showed that the seed weight influenced the various morpho-physiological parameters studied though, not statistically significant. However, the results of this study showed that a group (HYS) among the heavy seeds category produced more than one seedling per seed, while another group (VHS) of heavy seeds produced only one seedling per seed like other groups of seeds. Greater stem heights were obtained from the seedlings of heavy and medium weights seed groups, while the shortest stem height was obtained in medium and light seeds. Seedling dry weights were much higher in heavy and medium weights seeds than light seeds
Spatial variation in diversity of woody vegetation species within Kwara State University Malete campus, Kwara, Nigeria
(International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 2018-10) Suleiman, Romoke Monsurat; Sawyerr, Henry Olawale; Adio, Abdulrasheed; Salako, Gabriel
The roles of woody vegetations and Africa savanna in human development and survival as attracted interest in their conservation to prevent the depletion or loss of those resources. However, there is need for accurate data on species composition, distribution and conservation of woody species in many parts of Africa for adequate planning, monitoring, management and conservation efforts. This study assessed woody species composition, distribution and diversity in Kwara State University, Malete Campus. Simple random sampling technique was applied using plot method which was achieved using geographic information system (GIS) application to overlay the area boundary with grids of cell of 100 x 100 m plots. Data were collected from each plot, all woody species were identified, counted, and trees basal covers were measured. Species frequency, density, abundant, dominance, importance value index (IVI) and diversity were determined. A total of 46 trees and 10 shrubs species belonging to 20 families of tree and 8 families of shrubs were identified. Abundant tree species were Daniella oliveri and Azadirachata indica while the abundant shrubs species were Piliostigma thonningii and Acacia nilotica. Shannon diversity index and Shannon measure of evenness revealed that the diversity for trees species was higher (H’=2.4309 and J= 0.6349) than shrubs species (H’=1.1166 and J=0.4849). There was spatial variation in diversity of trees and shrubs within the university which has more tree species than shrubs species. Hence, university management and community should pay attention to conservation planning and management activities with special consideration on their ecological implication.
Towards Effective Organization and Implementation of School Ornamental Horticulture Programme
(Al-Hikmah Journal of Arts & Social Sciences Education, 2024-06) Alabi, John Omoniyi; Ben-Uwabor, Patience Olayinka; Iyapo, Kafayat Aina
This paper is a report of the study that examined the view of the Kwara State Educational Administrators and Secondary School Teachers towards the effective organization and implementation of the school ornamental horticulture programme. This study therefore intends to find out the views of the educational administrators and teachers as regards the services, organizational structure, and implementation of school ornamental horticulture programme. A descriptive survey method was employed in carrying out this study The instrument used was the scale of educational administrators and teachers “views about the establishment of ornamental horticulture programme, the instrument consists of 14 items of 30 questions clustered into five broad sections and one free response question administered on 200 respondents made up of Kwara State Ministry of Education officials and Secondary School Principals on one hand and teachers at Secondary Schools on the other hand. A five-point Likert scale technique was employed. The results showed a high level of awareness towards the organization and implementation of the programme, by the schoolteachers, administrators as well as the professional personnels and since it is a new programme or innovation, it needs the services of counseling unit for effective organization and implementation
TOWARDS EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SCHOOL ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE PROGRAMME
(Al-Hikmah Journal of Arts & Social Sciences Education, 2024-06) Alabi, John Omoniyi, Ben-Uwabor, Patience Olayinka, Iyapo, Kafayat Aina
This paper is a report of the study that examined the view of the Kwara State Educational Administrators and Secondary School Teachers towards the effective organization and implementation of the school ornamental horticulture programme. This study therefore intends to find out the views of the educational administrators and teachers as regards the services, organizational structure, and implementation of school ornamental horticulture programme. A descriptive survey method was employed in carrying out this study The instrument used was the scale of educational administrators and teachers “views about the establishment of ornamental horticulture programme, the instrument consists of 14 items of 30 questions clustered into five broad sections and one free response question administered on 200 respondents made up of Kwara State Ministry of Education officials and Secondary School Principals on one hand and teachers at Secondary Schools on the other hand. A five-point Likert scale technique was employed. The results showed a high level of awareness towards the organization and implementation of the programme, by the schoolteachers, administrators as well as the professional personnels and since it is a new programme or innovation, it needs the services of counseling unit for effective organization and implementation.

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