Department of Politics and Governance

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A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTONOMY AND DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIAAND UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(A PUBLICATION OF DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, ILORIN, NIGERIA, 2019) Asimiyu Olalekan MURANA; Abdul Rauf Ambali
This study is a comparative examination of local government autonomy and democratic governance in Nigeria and the United States of America (USA). The study aims at identifying the convergences and divergences in the system of local government and democratic governance in Nigeria and the USA. Ex-post facto research design was used in the study, and theory of decentrilisation of power was applied as the theoretical framework. This research argues that local government autonomy and democratic governance across the countries of the world depend largely on the nature and character of their politics. It reveals that local governments in the USAare better than local governments in Nigeria in the areas of financial autonomy and democratic governance. Though, in both countries there are no comprehensive financial autonomy since revenue are sourced from the state and central governments,it is admitted that Nigeria could learn from the system of local governments and democratic practices in the USA. The study recommends internally generated revenues as a major source of income for the local governments in both countries. The study also recommends that there is the need for Nigeria's local governments to embrace democratic tenents to promote effective service delivery to the people.
A Primer in Public Policy Analysis Techniques and Methods
(Published by: IIUM Press International Islamic University Malaysia, 2012) Garoot Suleiman Eissa; Abdul Rauf Ambali
A Primer in Public Policy Analysis Techniques and Methods
(©IIUM Press, IIUM, 2012) Garoot Suleiman Eissa; Abdul Raufu Ambali
This is a concise introductory text for undergraduates at the advanced level, produced for the main purpose of presenting a field of knowledge that is judged as difficult and requiring much preparation in economics and quantitative methods in a manner that is simple and conducive to student learning. Textbooks in this field are generally considered difficult by students at this level of instruction. Nonetheless, the present text discusses the most central issues in policy analysis, in simple terms and reviews the basic techniques employed to guide analysis. However, the book may also prove useful in another dimension: the use of local examples and cases in addition to the authors’ own examples which would serve to ease students’ comprehension. Popular texts such as Dunn (1994) or Weimer and Vining (1999) often address American readers and use American examples throughout. Another book on welfare economics is also required at the undergraduate level but one which we usually use in postgraduate classes. The need for a primer on the subject thus appears timely. The first chapter of this book defines, rationalizes and explains public policy as well as the practice of public policy analysis. The second chapter discusses relevant issues as a useful background to policy analysis: the policymaking process and the place of policy analysis in it; policy analysis as welfare economics; policy analysis as rational choice; and finally, policy analysis in political decision making. The authors are of the opinion that policy analysis is a combination of all of these approaches. Chapter three is the first chapter pertaining to the process of analysis; it handles problem analysis, which includes problem identification, problem definition, problem structuring and problem modeling. The fourth chapter seeks to explain the techniques and methods of forecasting, classified under quantitative or qualitative techniques. Forecasting is central to policy analysis because the consequences of policies, aimed at finding solutions to social problems, and since it involves the future, it is important to speculate about the future.
A project of World Bank Global Development Finance for the Control of Poverty in Developing Countries
(American Journal of Humanities and Social Science (AJHSS) Volume 10, 2021, 2021) Mubarak Sulaiman Jamiu
Advancement help can't be apportioned simply on standards of selectivity. Pointers of good monetary advancement are not strong and connection of these markers with destitution mitigation isn't programmed; more accentuation should be given to reallocation arrangements. Shifts in thinking and practice concerning aid have posed serious challenges in monitoring and evaluation (M&E) for both donors and recipients, but progress in reform remains slow. Advancement help as a level of absolute streams is declining and is excessively little and wasteful to give adequate cradles to repeat worldwide emergencies. This article presents a diagnostic checklist that captures issues of M&E policy of World Bank. It applies Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) test, randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs to a review of the PRSP M&E arrangements of 10 aid dependent countries, which are recipient of World Bank Funds to demonstrate comparative strengths and weaknesses. Keywords: World Bank Funds, Monitoring and Evaluation, PRSP, Quasi-experimental Designs, 10Aid-dependent Countries
A Reflection on the Challenges in Nigerian Agricultural Policies and the Way Forward
(Journal of Administrative Science, 2005) Abdul Rauf Ambali; Asimiyu Olalekan MURANA
his study examines the Nigerian Agricultural Policies before and after independence. The paper employs secondary source of collecting data. The study reveals that despite the soundness of most of the Nigerian Agricultural Policies, there is a real short fall between the expectations and results. It also identified some of the challenges of the reviewed policies which have been hitherto affecting the translation of these ambitious policy documents into realities. Based on the findings of this paper, it was recommended that government should redouble its efforts in implementing various policies and programmes, adopting a consistent policy measures, avoiding unjustifiable policy reversals, partnering with relevant inter-governmental organizations in order to attract the much-needed private sector capital injections into the agricultural sector, as well as increasing the expertise to make the sector become the engine of growth in Nigeria.
A Reflection on the Challenges in Nigerian Agricultural Policies and the Way Forward
(Journal of Administrative Science, 2017) Abdul Rauf Ambali; Asimiyu Olalekan MURANA
This study examines the Nigerian Agricultural Policies before and after independence. The paper employs secondary source of collecting data. The study reveals that despite the soundness of most of the Nigerian Agricultural Policies, there is a real short fall between the expectations and results. It also identified some of the challenges of the reviewed policies which have been hitherto affecting the translation of these ambitious policy documents into realities. Based on the findings of this paper, it was recommended that government should redouble its efforts in implementing various policies and programmes, adopting a consistent policy measures, avoiding unjustifiable policy reversals, partnering with relevant inter-governmental organizations in order to attract the much-needed private sector capital injections into the agricultural sector, as well as increasing the expertise to make the sector become the engine of growth in Nigeria.
A Review of Administrative Reforms in Developing Countries: Why the Limited Success?
(Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 11 (2),156-177, 2021) 4. Aliyu, O A; Kuppusamy, S., & Norma, M. (2021)
This study survey critical issues that have thwarted administrative reform in the power sector with particular reference to developing countries. The study used endnote software to draw 221 articles from the database of 20 top public administration journals. However, only 86 articles were found useful after carefully sorting, and analysis. This was done to avoid duplication and ensure relevance to the main thrust of this study. Also, practical cases were cited to augment the conceptual and philosophical arguments of notable scholars analyzed. Evidence from the literature revealed that lack of political will and commitments on the partJournal of Public Administration and Governance of political actors, bureaucrats often truncates positive reform outcomes. Likewise, the reformers poor stakeholder engagement and mismatch of goals and implementation strategies. It is imperative to unravel problems hampering successful administrative reforms. This paper is important to expand the horizon of knowledge (theoretical knowledge) of current and future academics and practitioners. It also contributes to the literature on public sector management by suggesting pre-conditions for successful reform. This study provides a better understanding of obstacles to purposeful reform outcome in developing countries. Moreover, it also serves as a guide to reform implementers, policy-makers, and practitioners towards purposeful reform outcomes
Accessing Basic Education: A Study of Selected Public Schools IN Kwara State
(Gombe Journal of Administration and Management (GJAM) 2705-3407, 2019) Moshood Olayinka Salahu; Ambali AbdulRauf
Over the years, the Nigerian government has in various capacities intervened in the provision of basic education across the nation. Given Nigeria’s quest for development and its determination to make education accessible to all school-age children in the country, it has intensified effort in the implementation of the Universal Basic Education Program in terms of funding and provision of policy guidelines. However, despite the robustness of the policy, and the various efforts by governments at different levels in the country to see to the success of the program, its implementation has not been as successful as expected. It is against this background that this paper attempts to examine the access to basic education in Kwara state, using selected public schools in the state. The study engaged the use of primary and secondary data for its analysis. The primary data were elicited through structured questionnaires administered in the selected schools. Data so elicited were analyzed using simple percentage. The study discovers that in Kwara state, in terms of availability, public schools are available within walking distance as stipulated in the basic education policy guidelines, but are not really affordable, despite the fact that they are tuition-free, as most parents still find it difficult to pay the extra charges. The study therefore recommends the introduction of the School Voucher System among others as possible ways out of the conundrum the state has found itself.
Accessing the Impact of E-Learning on Tertiary Education Management Amidst the Global Wave of Covid -19 Pandemic in Nigeria: Issues and Prospects
(Organization and Human Capital Development (ORCADEV), 2022-06-12) Abubakar S. Yushau Alfakoro; Ibrahim O. Salawu
Tertiary education is an important tool for jumpstarting development in almost all nations of the world. It serves as a lever for other sectors of the economy, with far-reaching imperativeness aimed at economic, technological, and governmental growth. The unfortunate outbreak of Coronavirus in 2019 has had devastating effects on every sector of the economy, from which tertiary education is not exempted. E-learning naturally becomes an option in order to grapple with and cope with the changes occasioned by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is an attempt to logically investigate the nature and dynamics of the challenges pursued by the adoption of the e-learning method as an avenue for coping with the enormous challenges associated with the effective delivery of tertiary education in emergencies. This is more expedient because e-learning has become a veritable tool for the global advancement of tertiary education. Mixed date method research was employed in the conduct of this research, and a sum of fourth (40) forms was distributed to the target audience, and the hypothesis was tested using chi-square. The findings of the study reveal that e-learning has aided the continuation of education amidst the SARS-19. The paper recommends that both stakeholders in the private and public education sectors of Nigeria should provide conducive e-learning facilities amidst and beyond covid -19 pandemic in Nigeria.
Achieving Interreligious Maturity Through Higher Institutions’ Interfaith Programmes for Dialogue, Peace and Social Cohesion
(International Journal of Applied Research and Technology (IJART), 2022-08-21) Saraki, Akeem Aderayo; Chikelue, Agatha G.
There is growing recognition of the role academic institutions can play in promoting conflict prevention, resolution, and social cohesion through research and knowledge-sharing collaborations with NGOs, individuals, and practitioners. As institutions of learning, universities are not only responsible for cognitive and analytical development but also for fostering interreligious dialogue, tolerance, and peacebuilding. Interfaith dialogue has been widely acknowledged as a tool for promoting understanding among religious communities, contributing to social stability and peaceful coexistence. This study explores the role of higher education in advancing interfaith dialogue, using Kwara State University (KWASU), Nigeria, as a case study. KWASU was established in 2009 with a vision to go beyond traditional academic functions by integrating community service and entrepreneurship into its core mission. The university has taken proactive steps to engage with its host community, recognizing the importance of religious and cultural harmony in fostering peace. Through its Directorate of Community Development, KWASU has facilitated interfaith dialogue programs that bring students, staff, and local community members together in meaningful conversations aimed at reducing religious tensions. By analyzing the impact of these programs, this study demonstrates how higher education institutions can serve as catalysts for peace through structured interfaith engagement. Findings suggest that universities can enhance social cohesion by fostering dialogue across religious divides and empowering students as peace ambassadors. The study advocates for broader adoption of interfaith programs within academic institutions, emphasizing their role in mitigating conflicts and strengthening societal harmony.
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESSES AND THE CHALLENGES OF SERVICE DELIVERY IN CONTEMPORARY NIGERIAN BUREAUCRACY
(2016) Aliyu, O.A & I. M Danjuma
This paper examines the effect of bureaucracy, administrative processes and procedures on service delivery in Nigeria. This article view bureaucracy as a process and standard operating procedures established for the conduct of the government business; which has significantly affected service delivery in the Nigerian public sector. This work attempts to comprehend how the existing rigid bureaucracy (institutionalized holdup) has thwarted the deliverance of democratic dividends in Nigeria. Findings show that various administrative bottlenecks and strict adherence to bureaucratic procedures are attributable to some of the failed policies, programmes and incidences’ of abandoned projects in Nigeria. Nevertheless, the article argue that, since administrators are saddled with the task of implementing programmes and policies of government, they must observe all the laid down rules, regulations and at the same time possess some level of flexibility as the situations demand. The paper concludes that the Public service rules and regulations should be structurally flexible to address critical cases and emergency situations.
Afro-centrism: A Stale Recipe In Nigeria's Foreign Policy Relations?
(Lapai Journal of International Politics, 2018-04-05) Ibrahim O. Salawu (PhD); Ibrahim I. Yahaya
Foreign policy of most nations generally takes the form and shape of internal and external dynamics intended to attend to the national interest of a state. It also ensures a robust engagement of the multifarious stakeholders in the international system in a bid to explore and exploit inherent strategic advantages. In the Nigerian context, foreign policy has been guided by the principle of Afro-centrism, which essentially entails engagement of the international system with the prism of promoting the interest of the African continent by concretely assuming important roles within and outside of the continent. It is in this light that it has shown commitment to the processes of decolonization across the continent including Angola and was at the fore of the fight against apartheid in South Africa. The leading role played in the formation of the defunct OAU, and its successor organization, the AU, as well as the promotion of development within the framework of NEPAD epitomize the principles of Afro-centrism. It however remains contentious that Nigeria seems not to be reaping a commensurate measure of reciprocity from most African countries and the international community on the basis of these. It is against this background that this paper argues for a review of the “Afro-centric” principle in the emergent international system. It argues further that; a rigid adherence to Afro-centrism since Nigeria's independence seems not to be yielding to the vagaries of contemporary international system. The main objective of this study is to attempt a critique of the Afro-centric nature of the Nigerian foreign policy since independence till date. To these effects, data is sourced from secondary sources and researcher reflexivity was adopted for analyses. The study reveals that; despite abundance of human and material resources that have been committed to pursuing and promoting this policy by successive administrations, benefits accruing to the country have been meager when compared to the alternatives foregone in the domestic affairs of the country. The paper concludes that; notwithstanding Nigeria's natural potentials to pursuing a profitable African policy, concrete strategic
An Assessment of Dispute Management Strategies Among Commodity Market Associations in Kwara State, Nigeria: A Qualitative Approach
(International Journal of Management, Social Sciences, Peace and Conflict Studies (IJMSSPCS), 2024-06-25) Saraki, Akeem Aderayo; Raji, Shittu Adewole
This research project aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of dispute management strategies employed by commodity market associations in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study recognizes the pivotal role these associations play in maintaining a harmonious and cooperative environment among their members, and it seeks to provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of existing dispute management mechanisms. The methodology involves a qualitative approach focusing on in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including association leaders, members, and individuals involved in the administration of dispute management processes. This qualitative method aims to uncover perspectives, experiences, and perceptions surrounding the various strategies in place. The analysis explores the diversity of dispute management strategies, ranging from formal mechanisms such as arbitration and mediation to informal approaches rooted in traditional practices. It will also assess the role of communication, leadership, and organizational culture in influencing the effectiveness of these strategies. Special attention will be given to identifying any contextual factors specific to Kwara State that may impact the success of dispute management efforts. Anticipated outcomes include an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of current dispute management strategies within commodity market associations in Kwara State. The research findings aim to contribute practical recommendations for refining existing approaches or implementing new strategies that better align with the unique dynamics of commodity markets in the region. This analysis aspires to foster a more cooperative and resilient environment among association members, ultimately enhancing the overall sustainability and success of commodity market associations in Kwara State, Nigeria.
An Assessment of Electoral Malpractices on Democratic Consolidation in Ilorin-West Local Government Area of Kwara State
(University of Africa Journal of Governance and Politics (UAT JOGAP), 2024-05-10) Saraki, Akeem Aderayo; Aun, Thompson Toryuha
This paper identifies electoral malpractices and discusses their impacts on democratic consolidation in Ilorin-West Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. The deliberate manipulation of the process of an election through direct or indirect means to influence the outcome of an electoral process has undoubtedly become part of electoral processes in some countries of the world. The commission of electoral malpractice is most often demonstrated through different methods such as improper voting control, ballot stuffing, vote buying among others. Indeed, the irregularities and malpractices that characterize elections in Nigeria proceed to unimaginable conflicts that consume lives and properties during these elections, thereby threatening the country's democracy. Through the use of well-structured questionnaires and relevant published works of other researchers, as well as through quantitative and qualitative analysis, the paper examines the various forms of electoral malpractices, discusses the relationship between electoral malpractice and democratic consolidation, and discovers the causes and solutions to electoral malpractice on democratic consolidation in Ilorin-West Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. It conclusively proposes recommendations for controlling electoral malpractices towards democratic consolidation in Ilorin-West Local Government Area of Kwara State and other parts of the country.
An Assessment of Power Relations Between State and Local Governments in Kwara State: The Prospect and Way Forward
(Lapai Journal of International Politics, 2018-04-23) Abdullahi Alabi
The expectation of the people from any level of government is to receive service delivery but this is not realized as expected due the distance government at the center cum the state brought about the establishment of the local governments and to ensure quality service delivery at the local government in Nigeria, there is need for inter-tier relations between the state and the local governments. However, the local government failed in the area of the quality healthcare service delivery which is the main focus of the work over the years. Consequently, the study examined the impact of power relations between the state and local government as regard to the policy issue of joint account and project on healthcare service delivery in the three selected local governments of Kwara State. The methodology adopted was both qualitative and quantitative methods. The study found out that the power relations between the state and local governments on the issue of joint account and project majorly the provision of healthcare facilities like buildings, drugs and laboratory equipment were responsible for the inability of the local government to perform to the expectation of the people in the state. The study however suggests that there is need to amend the constitution of the federal republic in order to promote first-line-charge of statutory allocation directly to the account of the local governments.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLICATIONS OF INTRA-PARTY CONFLICTS ON DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIATION IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC (1999-2016)
(Journal of Political Inquiry, Department of Political Science, Nigeria Police Academy, Wudil, Kano-Nigeria, 2017-09-23) Johnson O. Olaniyi Ph.D and Lukman Omomeji Shehu
Political parties the world over are seen as one of the instruments through which democratic processes are carried out. Their importance in establishing and maintaining a stable democratic order cannot be overemphasized. However, since Nigeria returned to demo critic rule in 1999 political parties have failed to perform their fundamental role of democratic consolidation religiously. This is not unconnected with the fragile inter and intra-party relations and incessant conflicts of varied magnitude. The main objective of the study is to assess how intra-party conflicts have been affecting political parties in contributing to the task of democratic consolidation in Nigeria's fourth Republic. This study examines the causes of intra-party conflicts in Nigeria and their implications on democratic consolidation in the Fourth Republic. In this study, comparative cum historical method serves as the research methodology Findings of this research work reveal that factors such as; lack of internal democracy paucity of party ideology godfatherism, issues relating to candidates' selection, among others, are the causes of intra-party conflicts in Nigeria. The study equally reveals that intra-party conflicts have impacted negatively on the quest for democratic consolidation in Nigeria in a number of ways which include; proliferation of weak political parties, creation of civil unrest and electoral related violence. Based on its findings, the study recommends that political party should adhere to the principles of internal democracy: embrace certain political ideology; and play down the importance of godfatherism in its internal democracy
An Examination of Part One of the Fifth Schedule of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria in Relation to Service Ethics
(International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI), 2018) Aladetohun Bunmi; AbdulRasheed Hamza Bamidele
The objective of this paper is to highlight the imperative of ethics and sound ethical conduct as a basis for effective service delivery in the Nigerian public sector. Much has been demonstrated in this paper with heavy reliance on the utilitarian theory, secondary sources of data backed by the analytical method. The paper concluded that the march towards an ethical-based public service must continue and be regarded as a series of “works in progress”. The paper recommended among others that there is an urgent and continuous need to remold the thought and conduct of civil/public servants and officials of government through the development of ethics and value reorientation that is anchored on accountability and transparency in public service. It further recommended a strong commitment to implementation of laws, enforcement of sanctions and strengthening of institutions of governance on a continuous basis.
An Impact Assessment of Insecurity on Nigeria’s Socio-political Development
(Jigawa Journal of Politics (JJP), 2024-11-05) Ibrahim O. Salawu; Lambe Emmanuel Oyewole
The seemingly unabating wave of security challenges in Nigeria has taken its toll on the nation’s socio political and economic trajectory. The state was ordinarily created to ensure law and orderliness has been handicapped in the face of the waves of insecurity. The emergent scenario presents a contagious spread across the country. This paper assessed the impact of the increasing nature and patterns of insecurity in Nigeria by examining the trend of the spread and mutation of insecurity across the country. Therefore, the qualitative research method and the state fragility theory were employed to show the relationship between the nature of the state and the waves of insecurity. The paper identified lack of human capital development, economic downturn, fragile security architecture, growing political imbalance amongst the ethnic groups are some of the causes of the rising waves of insecurity. The paper concluded that the waves of insecurity is further exacerbated by unpatriotic elements seeking to criminalize and use insecurity as a medium for either gaining attention, profiteering or destruction. The paper therefore recommends that the growing uneven development and marginalization of some ethnic group must be tackled by the proper application of the federal character principles.
AN OVER VIEW OF ETHNIC MILITIAS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICA: NIGERIA AS A CASE STUDY
(2010) Alabi Salihu Hammed
Africa is one of the most diversified cultural continent in the world. While such extensive diversity is not unique to Africa, given the geographical size of the continent as the second largest continent in the world; the profusion of this cultural variation sometimes gives the impression of unending differences. Africa unending conflicts reveal a tragic exposition of human tragedy. This is because ethnicity induced conflict in Africa keep on recurring in various part of the continent, one fact that must be accepted is that, with the emergence of nation- states at the demise of colonialism, people of different ethnic backgrounds were lumped together and this historical antecedent has continue to feature prominently in Africa politics. Ethnic group with large numbers were put together with those with not so large in number, hence almost every African country has majority and minority. Such ethnic groups persistently cry of disparity or unequal treatment by the government or state with their counterparts in the polity. They form impression that they are denied their fair share in the areas of political participation. Nigeria with a large number of ethnic groups. inequalities among them are size, education and access to state power and resources. There are highly developed and fractionalized indigenous bourgeoisie, which made her ethnic situation perhaps the most complicated in Africa. Some of the ethnic and religious militants have constituted themselves into private armies thereby creating serious ethnic conflicts. This study, therefore, relies on context analysis as its methodology to examine ethnic militias in Africa with particular reference to Nigeria. It also examines the effects of ethmic conflicts on the country's search for unity, and identifies the possible issues for resolution. The study also proffered suggestions on how to curb ethnic conflicts in Nigeria.
Analysing Digital Technologies (e-Governance Initiative) as A Tool for Promoting Transparent Governance in Nigeria
(Abuja Journal of Administration & Management, 2024-09) 1Ashiru Olayemi Aliyu, 2Lawal Yusuf Birisan & 3Adamu Rasheedat Oyoru
The primary responsibility of every government either in developing or developed countries entails the delivery of essential services to the citizenry efficiently and transparently. This is no doubt aligned with the democratic ideals of every modern State. Conversely, the advent of e-governance, driven by rapid advancements in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), has emerged to transform traditional governance practices, promoting transparency and accountability. However, despite the benefits inherent in e-governance initiatives in Nigeria, a gap persists between their potential benefits and actual outcomes. There is a low level of adoption and effectiveness of these initiatives due to challenges such as low digital literacy among government officials and citizens. The main thrust of this study centres around the assessment of the role of internal e-governance initiatives in promoting transparent governance in Nigeria. Moreso, the article examined the relevance of external e-governance initiatives in fostering transparency. The study’s propositions are formulated thus: internal e-governance initiatives have not effectively promoted transparency; and - external e-governance initiatives have similarly fallen short. Using a qualitative research design, including the use of both face-to-face interviews and online interview – web-based interviews and document analysis, to assess the effectiveness of e governance in Nigeria. The study found that internal e-governance initiatives, such as e-finance and eprocurement, have enhanced transparency and efficiency in Nigeria's public service, particularly in financial management and procurement systems. Similarly, external initiatives like eparticipation have promoted transparency through improved public information sharing and online collaboration, though traditional paper-based communication remains prevalent in some government sectors. Evidence from the study revealed that while e-governance has a high potential to improve transparency, issues such as insufficient digital infrastructure and inadequate training have hindered its full implementation. The study recommends investing in digital literacy, enhancing ICT infrastructure, and fostering public awareness to maximize the benefits of egovernance and achieve transparent governance in Nigeria.

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