Effects of Resampled DEM on Watershed Characteristics and Prediction of Sediment Load in Oyun Watershed, Kwara, Nigeria
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Date
2024-09-25
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism
Abstract
Understanding the terrain and its impact on watershed characteristics, streamflow, and sediment loading is crucial
for effective water resource management. This study investigates the influence of resampled Digital Elevation
Models (DEM) on the prediction of watershed characteristics, streamflow, and sediment loading upstream of Oyun
River Watershed, Nigeria. Various DEM resolutions, ranging from 30-meter to 90-meter, were analysed to assess
their effects on hydrological predictions. To delineate the watershed, a DEM of 90-meter resolution was sourced
from the space Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), and the ASTER global DEM data sources. The 90
meter resolution was resampled to four different resolutions which are 75-meter, 60-meter, 45-meter, and 30-meter
resolutions. The watershed and streamline were delineated, and the hydrologic simulation was performed using Soil
and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The research findings revealed that changes in DEM resolution had a
negligible impact on streamflow predictions within the Oyun River Watershed. However, a noticeable impact was
observed in the prediction of sediment concentration. The 90-meter resolution DEM yielded the lowest predicted
sediment concentration, measuring 2.28 mg/l, while the 30-meter resampled DEM produced the highest value at
5.21mg/l. Similarly, the sediment yield (SYLD t/ha) exhibited considerable variation across the different DEM
resolutions, with the 90-meter DEM demonstrating the lowest value of approximately 528.90 t/ha, and the 30-meter
DEM registering the highest at 2145.57 t/ha. Overall, this research highlights the necessity of careful DEM selection
in hydrological modelling to ensure a comprehensive understanding of watershed dynamics, particularly in regions
where sediment transport and water quality are of paramount concern.