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- ItemEffect of Cow Bone Ash on A Stabilized Lateritic Soil for Road Work(Neewaj Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovations, 2026-05-05) Abdulrauf Toyin Kuranga, Sulaiman Olayinka Subair and Habeeb SolihuAbstract This research investigates the potential of cow bone ash (CBA) as a stabilizer for lateritic soil, aiming to improve its geotechnical properties for road construction and mitigate environmental pollution from bone waste disposal. Lateritic soil samples were collected from Peke Airport Road and stabilized with varying percentages of CBA (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%). Standard laboratory tests, including specific gravity, particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR), were conducted according to British Standards (BS 1377: 1990 and BS 1924: 1990). demonstrating improved geotechnical properties such as increased unsoaked and soaked CBR values (from 51.0% to 57.0% with 10% CBA), reduced Atterberg limits (LL decreased from 44.5% to 30.0% with 10% CBA), and enhanced compaction characteristics (MDD increased from 1660 kg/m³ to 1770 kg/m³ with 10% CBA), while also considering the trade-off of increased optimum moisture content (OMC) from 12.0% to 17.5% with increasing CBA content, necessitating further analysis to determine the optimal CBA percentage for optimal stabilization.
- ItemSustainable Management of Runoff and Sediment Yield in a Rapidly Urbanizing Residential Area: A Case Study of Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria(Uniport Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research, 2021) Ganiyu H. O., Adeogun A. G., AsonibareK. O., and Subair O. S.,Abstract This study investigated the effects of the application of stone bunds and vegetative filter strip for sustainable management of runoff and sediment yield generated in Malete watershed, Kwara State, Nigeria. Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model interfaced with Geographical Information System (MapWindow GIS) was employed to simulate and predict the hydrological processes of the watershed into sub-basins which were further divided into Hydrological response units (HRUs). The model was used to evaluate the efficacy of the application of stone bund and vegetative filter strip in reducing storm water generated from the watershed. The outcome of the study showed that the total predicted surface runoff and sediment yield in the watershed were predicted as 131.53 million m3 and 243.77 t/ha respectively. The maximum and minimum runoff predicted were 19.89 million m3 and 17.76 million m3 at sub-basins 13 and 7 respectively, and the average runoff predicted value was 16.44 million m 3 . Also, the maximum and minimum sediment yield in the watershed occurred at sub-basins 41 and 8 having predicted values of 46.40 t/ha and 11.26 t/ha respectively, and the average sediment yield predicted was 30.472 t/ha. The results revealed that the implementation of stone bunds reduced sediment yield by 93% while vegetative filter strip reduced it by 37%. In addition, the model could serve as a decision support tool for stakeholders and relevant local authorities to formulate policies and strategies in the management of runoff and sediment yield generation in the study area.
- ItemEvaluation of Palm Kernel Shell Ash and Rice Husk Ash as Stabilizing Agents for Lateritic Soils in Road Pavement Applications(2026-04-07) Sulaiman Olayinka Subair and Aderonke Oluwatosin AbiolaAbstract This empirical investigation evaluates the geotechnical modifications induced by integrating rice husk ash alongside palm kernel shell ash into lateritic earth. Subsurface materials were excavated from a depth of one meter along Iraa Road in Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria, following the careful stripping of the organic top layer to ensure sample purity. A rigorous suite of laboratory assessments was deployed to determine how specific dosages of these agro-wastes alter the foundational California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Maximum Dry Density (MDD), and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC). In its pristine state, the sampled earth yielded a CBR of 27%, denoting a subgrade of merely passable quality. However, introducing a binder matrix composed of 2% rice husk ash and 4% palm kernel shell ash propelled the CBR up to 41%, translating to a formidable upgrade in structural load endurance. Concurrently, the moisture demand (OMC) shifted upwards from 12.60% to 16.10%, while the dry density (MDD) saw a marginal but vital enhancement from 1.67 kg/m³ to 1.72 kg/m³, a shift indicative of superior particle amalgamation and compaction mechanics. Notably, escalating the binder concentrations beyond this precise threshold triggered a deterioration in the geotechnical indices, proving that an optimal saturation point exists, beyond which additional ash impairs structural cohesion. Ultimately, these laboratory outcomes validate that a meticulously calibrated blend of these two ashes fundamentally upgrades the mechanical limits of lateritic soils. Utilizing these specific byproducts delivers an ecologically sound, financially viable methodology for reinforcing pavement subgrades while simultaneously mitigating massive agricultural waste burdens
- ItemGeotechnical Characterization and Stabilization Performance of Lateritic Soil Treated with Cassava Peel Ash and Lime(Nigerian Online Journal of Educational Sciences and Technology, 2026) Biliyamin Adeoye Ibitoye, Abdulrahman Aliyu Olayinka, Sulaiman Olayinka Subair and Yusuf Kabir OlukuAbstract This study evaluated the geotechnical characterization and stabilization performance of lateritic soils treated with cassava peel ash (CPA) and lime for pavement applications. Lateritic soil samples obtained from selected locations within the three senatorial districts of Kwara State, Nigeria, were subjected to laboratory tests including natural moisture content, specific gravity, particle size distribution, and Atterberg limits to determine their natural engineering properties. Chemical composition analysis was conducted to assess the pozzolanic potential of the cassava peel ash. Representative soil samples were subsequently stabilized using varying proportions of CPA–lime blends and tested for consistency characteristics, compaction behavior, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The natural soils were predominantly classified as A-7-5 materials under the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials classification system, indicating poor subgrade suitability in their untreated condition. The results revealed that stabilization with CPA and lime significantly reduced soil plasticity while improving compaction and bearing capacity characteristics. The optimum engineering performance was achieved at a blend ratio of 75% lime and 25% CPA. The study concluded that cassava peel ash–lime stabilization is an effective and sustainable approach for enhancing the engineering properties of lateritic soils for road pavement construction.
- ItemEvaluating Traffic Operations at an Urban Roundabout in a Development City: Evidence from Gaakanbi, Nigeria(International Journal of Multidisciplinary Department, 2026-03-29) Sulaiman Olayinka Subair, Biliyamin Adeoye Ibitoye and Abdulrauf Toyin KurangaAbstract Efficient operation of urban roundabouts is critical for managing traffic flow, particularly in rapidly growing cities characterized by heterogeneous traffic conditions. This study evaluates the operational performance of Gaa Akanbi Roundabout using established traffic engineering metrics, including average control delay, queue length, and Level of Service (LOS), in accordance with Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) standards. Field data were obtained through direct geometric measurements and video-based traffic surveys conducted during peak periods over seven consecutive days. Traffic volumes and turning movements were manually extracted from recorded footage, while performance indicators such as delay and queue length were computed using standard analytical procedures. The results indicate that the roundabout operates at an overall average delay of 34.5 seconds per vehicle, corresponding to LOS C, which reflects stable but moderately delayed traffic conditions. However, significant disparities were observed across individual approaches. The western approach exhibited the poorest performance, with a delay of 46.2 seconds per vehicle (LOS E), indicating oversaturation largely due to limited entry capacity and inadequate geometric design. The southern and northern approaches recorded delays of 38.5 seconds and 30.2 seconds per vehicle, respectively, both operating at LOS D, suggesting moderate congestion with relatively stable flow conditions. In contrast, the eastern approach demonstrated comparatively efficient International Journal of Multidisciplinary Department Published by: International Journal & Research Global Publisher ISSN: 3108-2718 Article History: Received: 09 March 2026 | Accepted: 18 March 2026 | Published: 29 March 2026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19313415 ** Related declarations are provided in the final section of this article. Contact IJRGP Copyright & Licensing Page 2 of 12 This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. operation, with a delay of 23.1 seconds per vehicle (LOS C), characterized by lower conflict levels and shorter queues.