Growth Pattern and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Some Cultivated Herbs against Fish Pathogenic and Food Poisoning Bacteria
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Date
2021-05-17
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Organic Agriculture Practioner in Nigeria
Abstract
The global concerns on the deleterious effect of synthetic antimicrobials in
the production of food animals call for suitable and sustainable natural
alternatives, one of which is the use of herbal products. This study aimed to
investigate the growth pattern of some herbs of medicinal values and their
antibacterial potentials against some sh pathogenic and food poisoning
bacteria, compared with Aquamedics (a synthetic antibiotic) using agar well
diffusion assay. The results showed that the number of leaves produced in
Euphorbia hirta was more than the leaves produced in E. hererophylla;
notwithstanding, E. heterophylla was higher than E. hirta. Ocimum
gratissimum showed similar pattern of growth with E heterophylla during the
rst 8 weeks while Phyllanthus amarus is characterized with production of
higher number leaets at the early growth stages. All the herbal extracts
investigated showed presence of avonoids and tannins. The ethanol E. hirta
extract (EHE) and Jatropha gossypiifolia extract (JGE) exhibited signicantly
higher (P < 0.05) zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P.
uorescens, compared to other extracts and Aquamedics. The JGE also had
higher zone of inhibition against Aeromonas hydrophila (26.67mm), and
Streptococcus agalactiae (25.67mm) compared to Aquamedics (22.33mm) and
other extracts while EHE, E. heterophylla and Moringa oleifera exhibited
similar zones of inhibition, 23.67mm, 23.00mm, 21.67mm, respectively,
compared with 22.33mm obtained for Aquamedics against A. hydrophila .
The methanol extracts of JGE, EHE and P. amarus extract also exhibited
higher zone of inhibition against P aeruginosa, compared to other extracts
and the synthetic antibiotic. However, the synthetic antibiotic demonstrated
higher zone of inhibition than the aqueous extracts of the herbs, except EHE
which had similar inhibitory activity with Aquamedics against P. uorescens.
On the over all, the ethanol extracts seemed to have more potent
antibacterial activity than other extracts. The present study has
demonstrated the moderately inhibitory activities of the ethanol and
methanol extracts of Euphorbia species, J. gossypiifolia and P. amarus against
the food poisoning Pseudomonas species and pathogenic A. hydrophila and S.
agalactiae. These extracts are therefore recommended for utilization and
further in vivo study as herbal antibacterial agents for sh health
management and fish preservation.
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