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    Pragmatic acts and lexico-semantic variations of vulgar expressions in selected Nigerian Hip Hop Songs
    (2018) Ibrahim Omolabi
    Hip hop music is becoming very prominent because it is a popular youth culture and able to generate diverse interpretations. Thus, the study examines the various pragmatic acts performed in the selected hip hop songs in order to bring to the fore the covert meanings in it. The study is anchored on Mey (2001) aspects of pragmatic acts and Adegbija’s (1989) classification of Lexico Semantic Variation as the theoretical appurtenance underpinning the study. A total of three (3) hip hop songs were purposively selected and analysed from the points of Pragmatic acts theory and Lexico Semantic Variations. The study reveals that artistes employ assertive practs of informing, requesting, persuading, inviting etc. to connote vulgar expressions by using existing lexical forms to achieve intended meaning. The study found that the artistes, in rendering the songs, adhere to socio cultural value of the Nigerian society which forbids public discussion of sex and issues pertaining to it, and therefore often use metaphors and euphemisms to connote sexual expressions. It was also found that semantic-shift is the major type of lexico-semantic variation used by the artistes in the selected songs. This is because artistes use already existing lexical terms to refer to the sexual organs and experiences based on partial likeness or similarity in the forms of the entities compared. The study concludes that Nigerian hip-hop artistes are mindful of the Nigerian socio-cultural norms and values as regarding the topic of sex, and that Nigerian society influences their choice of expressions and places constraints on their use of language in discussing issues pertaining to sex.
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    Discursive Strategies in Selected Newspapers’ Reports on (in) security in Nigeria
    (2022) Ibrahim Omolabi
    News reporting on security situations mainly manipulates discursive and representational strategies in portraying people, actions and events either negatively or positively based on certain prejudiced ideologies. This paper examines salient discursive strategies deployed by Nigerian newspapers’ reporters on insecurity to represent socio-political ideologies in their reports on herdsmen and banditry. Data comprises 22 instances of discourse strategies drawn from three Nigerian newspapers published between March 2018 and December 2021. By integrating insights from van Dijk’s (2006) Critical Discourse Analysis, findings reveal that both Nigerian newspaper’ reports on insecurity create polarity of positive in-group and negative out-group ideologies through seven discursive strategies which include slanted headlining, negative labelling, evidentiality, number game, hyperbolism, victimization and depersonalization. The study found out that there is a link between the strategies and ideologies as the strategies embody ideologies. The strategies embody ideological prejudices of positive self and negative other-representations which are rife in both nations’ news reports on the insecurity reports in Nigeria.
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    Pragmatic Acts in Selected Fulani Herdsmen’s Killing Reportage in Nigerian Newspapers.
    (2019) Ibrahim Omolabi
    The media are a major player during periods of conflict because of the influence they can exert on the public’s understanding and perception of conflict situations. Thus, the study explores the various pragmatic acts performed in the selected news reportage on Fulani Herdsmen’s Killings in Nigeria, especially the construction of meaning through verbal codes. The study drew insight from Mey's (2001) aspects of Pragmatic acts as the theoretical framework underpinning the study. A total of ten (10) verbal news reports relating to the stories of the Fulani herdsmen crises were purposively selected from two Nigerian newspapers (The Punch, The Nation) and analysed from the point of pragmatic acts. The study reveals that instantiated acts (practs) are pragmatically patterned to perform some acts of informing, condemning, reporting to the audience, stating the fact in the news reports on the Fulani herdsmen killings and playing some roles in social change. The study also revealed that (The Guardian, The Nation and The Punch) deploy their news reports through the practs of castigating, challenging, condemning and lamenting the spate of insecurity and condemning the ineptitude of security agents and government towards the crisis. The study has also shown that newspapers were diligent in carrying out their surveillance function- gathering and providing timely reports on occurrences of the crisis between herders and farmers in the country. The study concludes that Nigerian newspapers play a role in setting the boundaries of what is talked about; shaping social issues happenings around the nation and exposing them to their readership. Keywords:Pragmatic Acts, Practs, Herdsmen, Reportage, Fulani