Histological Response of Clariasgariepinus to Varying Concentrations of Pharmaceutical Effluents
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Date
2019-01-13
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Annual Research & Review in Biology
Abstract
For the past few decades, environmental pollution is considered a major global problem for public
health and this problem has continued to impact aquatic environment. Pharmaceutical discharges
are major sources of pollution that poses serious threat to aquatic animals like fish, therefore, this
work aimed at evaluating the histological architecture of the gill tissues of Clarias gariepinus on
exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of pharmaceutical effluents using standard laboratory
procedure. The physicochemical characteristics of the pharmaceutical effluent used revealed
varied level of deviations from World Health Organization standard for waste discharge into any
Original Research Article
Akinpelu et al.; ARRB, 35(4): 68-75, 2020; Article no.ARRB.49531
69
categories of water bodies. The histological studies of the sectioned gills of the exposed fish
showed varied level of histological alterations which are concentrations dependent. The observed
histopathological lesions recorded include infiltration of secondary lamellae, inter-lamellae hyper
plastic lesion, and oedema, congestion of the blood vessels, epithelial thickening and lifting, and
necrosis of various degrees. All the fish held in the control stock showed inappreciable or no
histological degradation and their staining patterns and cellular arrangement remained unaffected
and this showed that even low concentration of such effluent is enough to induce physiological
imbalances in aquatic organisms. The degrees of all these recorded anomalies were concentration
dependent. Therefore, indiscriminate disposal of this effluent is detrimental to aquatic community
and to combat this, strict compliance of the laws with total vigilance against illegal discharge of
effluent should be enacted and enforced.
Description
Water quality can be described as the physical,
chemical, biological and aesthetic properties of
water, which determine its fitness for use and
consumption, and its ability to maintain the
integrity and health of an ecosystem [1].
Increasing contamination of the aquatic
environment worldwide has been associated with
improper discharge of solid wastes, industrial,
medical and agricultural effluents [2-4].
Pharmaceutical effluents contain mixture of
various classes of organic and inorganic micro pollutants that are capable of inducing
toxicological effects on aquatic organisms. There
are several reports on the presence of
pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in most
aquatic environments worldwide [5-7].
Keywords
Citation
12.Akinpelu, A. T., Akinloye, O. M., Olayinka, A. S., Opasola, O. A., Stephen, O. A., and Oluwaseun, O. T. (2020). Histological Response of Clarias gariepinus to Varying Concentrations of Pharmaceutical Effluents. Annual Research and Review in Biology, 35(4), 68-75.