Identity Politics and its Implication on the Nigerian Electoral Process
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Date
2023-06
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
African Journal of Politics and Administrative Studies (AJPAS)
Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of identity politics on the Nigerian electoral process, with a focus on
the 2019 general elections. The emergence of identity politics, which relies on ethnicity, religion, and
regionalism to shape voters' preferences, has had far-reaching consequences on political discourse
and election outcomes in Nigeria and other parts of the world. The paper draws on Social Identity
Theory (SIT), as theoretical frame work which posits that individuals derive a sense of identity and
self-esteem from their membership in social groups, to explain how group membership shapes
attitudes and behaviors in the electoral process. The paper argues that while identity-based
mobilization may provide short-term electoral gains for some politicians, it undermines the
principles of inclusivity and diversity that are essential for a thriving democracy. The impact of
identity politics on the Nigerian electoral process is not always positive, as ethnic and religious
identities have often been used to mobilize violence and undermine the democratic process.
Furthermore, the use of identity politics in political discourse can lead to the exclusion of certain
groups and the formation of polarized and divided communities. The study found that in the 2019
presidential election, ethnic and religious identities played a significant role in determining voting
patterns. The study also found that voters were more likely to support candidates who they perceived
as representing their group's interests. These findings are consistent with the predictions of SIT,
which posits that group membership plays a crucial role in shaping attitudes and behaviors. The
paper highlights the need for political parties and candidates to focus on critical issues such as
economic development and security, rather than relying on ethnic and religious identities to mobilize
voters. It is also essential to promote intergroup dialogue and cooperation to foster national unity and
social cohesion. Ultimately, the study emphasizes the need for a more nuanced and inclusive
approach to politics that recognizes the division and polarization of diversity of identities and
interests in Nigeria. The study recommends that political leaders, civil society organizations, and the
media should encourage an inclusive political discourse that emphasizes the importance of unity and
cooperation over
Key-Words: Identity Politics; Nigeria Election; Ethnicity; Diversity; Religion.