Comparative efficacy of three botanicals against Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in stored cowpea seeds
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Date
2016-07
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Publisher
Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control (Egyptian Society for Biological Control of Pests/Springer Nature)
Abstract
The pulverized roots of three indigenous plants – Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Petiveria alliaceae and Gliricidia sepium were used as biopesticide against Callosobruchus maculatus infesting stored cowpea as an alternative to synthetic insecticides. The laboratory bioassays were conducted at six levels of concentrations (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0g of the plant powder/25g cowpea seed) and the chemical insecticide Actellic Super™ 2% dust as standard check, for ovipostion deterrence and toxicity to adult C. maculatus at temperature of 28 ± 2˚C, relative humidity of 68 ± 5% and 12hour photoperiod. Results show that the efficacy of test botanicals were dose-dependents. Z. zanthoxyloides and P alliaceae were more toxic than G. sepium in that they cause 77% mortality 7days after application which is not significantly different from 100% mortality caused by Actellic Super™. Z. zanthoxyloides and P alliaceae inhibit reproduction between 70-99%, and seed weight loss between 0.8 – 1.7% compared to 10.4% loss in untreated control within 35 days of storage. Oviposition, F1 progeny emergence, seed damage and weight loss were highly reduced with increasing dosage level of the tested plant powder. However, Z. zanthoxyloides and P alliaceae were the most effective plant-derived insecticide in this study, their inclusion in integrated pest management could reduce the use of hazardous synthetic insecticides.