Department Of Zoology
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- ItemCOMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF MACROINVERTEBRATES IN LAKE ASA, ILORIN, NIGERIA(Animal Research International, 2025-07-29) MUHIBBU-DIN, Olorunshina Iysa and OLADIMEJI, Amusa AdebayoThe integrity of Lake Asa's water quality depends on how various macroinvertebrate communities make their living more diversified, and contribute to complex food webs. In addition, the macroinvertebrate community are significantly used as indicator organisms to detect the pollution impacts in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the diversity and community structure of macroinvertebrate and their relationship with environmental variables in Lake Asa, Ilorin, Nigeria, from February 2023 to February 2025. The study yielded 1421 individuals belonging to 3 phyla, 4 classes and 26 genera. The Bivalvia community, comprising 39.5% of the total taxonomic groups with Sphaerium sp. as the dominant macroinvertebrate species represented more than 15% of the total macroinvertebrate taxa and diversity indices were detected significant variations (p<0.05) among stations by the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, whereas Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H´) assessed moderate pollution, Evenness index (J) assessed uniform distributions of macrobenthic community, and environmental variables showed acceptable condition for the productivity of Lake Asa. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) reveals distinct community structures among macroinvertebrate samples. Within macroinvertebrate communities, Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) provided insights and interpretations of the relationships between species and environmental gradients. The macroinvertebrate community was most influenced by temperature, organic matter, DO, pH and EC.
- ItemEVALUATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND PHYTOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGE OF LAKE ASA, ILORIN, NIGERIA(Animal Research International, 2025-03-12) MUHIBBU-DIN, Iysa Olorunshina and OLADIPO, Segun OlayinkaA limnological investigation of Lake Asa was conducted from November 2023 to October 2024, encompassing three sampling stations, to assess its physicochemical properties and phytoplankton composition. Measured values of physicochemical parameters were evaluated against established water quality standards. The lake's water quality was assessed through three analytical approaches: (1) analysis of phytoplankton taxonomic structure; (2) multimetric assessment using diversity indices; and (3) multivariate ordination of taxonomic group distribution to environmental variables. Thirteen physicochemical parameters were analyzed. Comparative analysis revealed that nine parameters met acceptable limits for domestic water supply and aquaculture, while four parameters were deemed unsuitable. Specifically, transparency, total nitrogen, organic matter, total organic carbon, and total phosphorus concentrations indicated a hypereutrophic state across all sampling stations, a hallmark of eutrophication. However, taxonomic analysis suggested a mesotrophic status for the lake. Phytoplankton community composition consisted of six taxonomic groups, with Cyanophyta dominating (83.20%). Other groups present, in descending order of abundance, were Bacillariophyta (diatoms 8.4%), Dinophyta (4.20%), Chlorophyta (2.70%), Euglenophyta (1.00%), and Chrysophyta (0.41%). Phytoplankton diversity indices ranged as follows: Shannon-Wiener (H = 0.26 – 0.98), Simpson (D = 0.46 – 0.90), and Pielou's evenness (J = 0.22 – 0.44). Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) demonstrated the influence of environmental variables on phytoplankton assemblage structure, while Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) revealed spatial and temporal differences in phytoplankton assemblages. The observed Cyanophyta dominance and low diversity index values collectively indicate that Lake Asa is heavily polluted and in poor ecological condition.
- ItemDr(2025) Abiodun Obembe, Fatima Yahaya, Adedayo Oduola, Jasini Wahedi, Samson AwololaABSTRACT Emerging adult Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes migrate to human dwellings, at great risks of insecticide exposure, in search of bloodmeal. Countries like Nigeria, targeting this joint mosquito host-seeking behaviour have launched Malaria-Lymphatic Filariasis (Malaria-LF) co-intervention plans using synergistic insecticide-based control tools. However, insecticide resistance currently threatens mosquito vector control. This study investigated separate and combined pyrethroid insecticide exposure response of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes collected from two mixed breeding sites in Nigeria. Adult Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes reared from larval collections were exposed in separate and joint insecticide susceptibility tests to permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.05% and alphacypermethrin (0.05%) using World Health Organization (WHO) kits. The mosquitoes were identified morphologically. Time to mosquito knockdown, percentage knockdown, and mortality were monitored. The results for the different mosquito and exposure types were compared. Both mosquitoes were resistant to all pyrethroid insecticides tested. Significantly higher Anopheles knockdown was recorded compared to Culex for the joint (Anopheles 79-89% vs Culex 44-50%, P ≤ 0.011) and separate (Anopheles 67-88% vs Culex 46-47%, P < 0.048) exposures respectively. Time to 95% Anopheles and Culex mosquito knock down were shorter during separate (2200.9 mins) than in joint (4513.9 mins) exposures. Faster Anopheles knockdown (kdt50 18.7 - 68.8 mins) were recorded compared to Culex (kdt50 22.1 - 98.8 mins). Higher but not significantly different (P ≥ 0.083) mosquito mortalities were recorded from separate than in joint Anopheles and Culex exposures. There were no significant (P ≥ 0.072) differences between Anopheles 43-77% and Culex 41-72% mortalities for separate and joint exposures. The speed of action and morbidity effects of the pyrethroid insecticides tested were lower during joint than in the separate mosquito exposures. Taken together, reduced pyrethroid speed of action and morbidity along with multiple mosquito resistance noted could threaten insecticide user-acceptability, performance perception and Malaria-LF co-intervention in the field.
- ItemDr(MDPI, 2025) Lamine M. Moustapha; Muhammad M. Mukhtar; Abdoul-Nasser H. Sanda; Shuaibu Adamu; Yusuf Y. Aliyu; Hadizat K. Einoi; Maryam U. Maigari; Peter C. Okeke; David E. Nwele; Abiodun Obembe; Udoka C. Nwangwu; Jeremy K. Herren; Sulaiman S. IbrahimAbstract Microsporidia MB (MB), a promising biological control agent, suppresses Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Anopheles mosquitoes. This study examined the spatial distribution of MB infection in natural populations of An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes collected in Nigeria and Niger Republic, and its association with insecticide susceptibility in the mosquitoes. Microsporidia MB has wide geographic distribution across Nigeria and Niger Republic. The overall prevalence of MB in F0 mosquitoes was 12.25% (95% CI: 7.76–16.75%); 25 mosquitoes out of 204 were positive. Geographic variation was observed, with a higher prevalence (5/15 mosquitoes) in Ebonyi State (33.33%, CI: 9.48–57.19%, Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.008). Infection rates were higher in An. coluzzii mosquitoes (21/133 mosquitoes), estimated at 15.79% (CI: 9.59–21.99%) compared to An. gambiae s.s. mosquitoes (4/71), with approximately 5.63% (CI: 0.27–11.00%, χ 2 = 4.44; df = 1, p = 0.035). Resistant mosquitoes had a significantly higher prevalence of MB infection than susceptible mosquitos at 28.57% (CI: 16.74–40.40%) with an odds ratio of 3.33 (CI: 1.23–9.03, p = 0.017). These findings suggests that MB can be exploited as an alternative for vector control in Nigeria and Niger, but its possible association with pyrethroid resistance suggests that it should be taken into account as a potential confounder when designing insecticide resistance management strategies
- ItemBioaccumulation of Auto-Mechanic Wastes in the Tissues of Pellonula Afzeliusi (Johnels, 1954) Collected From Agba Stream Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria(2021) Adeyemi-Ale, O. A., Oladipo, S. O. and Abdulkareem, S. I.