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- ItemX-RAYING THE RIGHTS OF AN UNBORN CHILD UNDER THE ENGLISH COMMON LAW: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE(Department of Jurisprudence and Public Law, Faculty of Law, Kwara State University, Malete, 2025-12-30) Khairat Eletu; Ahmed A. Muhammed-Mikaaeel; Halimat Tope AkajeMajor focus in the global discourse of rights have been on human rights. This presupposes the rights of persons who have been born alive. Little attention is paid to the rights of the unborn child under the common law jurisprudence. Hence, this paper is poised into making an enquiry into the rights of an unborn child under the English common law. In doing so, the study adopts the doctrinal method of legal research. The paper finds that there appears no consensus among scholars on when human life begins, while some opine that it is at birth, quickening is said to mark the beginning of life by some; the pro-life advocates opine that conception is the beginning of human life. The paper finds further that the underlying principle as regards the unborn child in Common law jurisdictions is the ‘born alive rule’ with an exception found in the American experience of the rule. The paper finds also that Nigerian constitutional provisions on the protection of human life vis-à-vis appropriate sanctions for violation are by extension applicable to an unborn child. The paper concludes that such rights can be overridden in the interest of the mother. The paper recommends legal jurisprudence expansion to harmonize various issues relating to the rights of an unborn child under the law.
- ItemJUSTIFYING THE PERMISSIBILITY OF MODERN FAMILY PLANNING FOR MUSLIM PATIENTS: A JURISPRUDENTIAL ANALYSIS(Faculty of Law, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2025-12-30) Ahmed Abiodun Muhammed-Mikaaeel; Halimat Tope Akaje; Shehu Kazeem Hassan; Khairat EletuWrong misconception regarding permissibility of the modern family planing for Muslim patients is common in Muslim societies. This resulted into negative perception to the modern family planning practice by contraception. This is further aggravated by divergent opinions of scholars breeding controversy on this subject. This prompts this study to embark on the justification of the permissibility of the modern family planing for Muslim patients via jurisprudential analysis. The study adopts doctrinal method to analyse various provisions of the Qur’an and Sunnah as well as juristic opinion about contraception under Islamic law. The study asserts that the practice of family planning is age-long, pre-dating Islamic era. It contends that Islamic legislation does not condemn the contraceptive practices but modified it. The study finds that the issue of contraception split scholars of Islamic jurisprudence into two: the antagonists and the protagonists. The study finds that both sides of the antagonists and the protagonists relied on the provisions from the sources of law to strengthening their arguments. The study finds that the position of the protagonists of the contraceptive method of family planning is in line with the objectives of Islamic law. The study finds that there is justification for the permissibility of the modern contraception for Muslim patients in line with maqasid Shari‘ah. The study recommends that Muslim patients have the duty to ascertain which type of contraceptive method is safe and devoid of risk from the medical experts while exercising their right to contraception.
- ItemCHALLENGES TO THE APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN NIGERIAN COURTS(Department of Commercial and Property Law (now Department of Commercial and Industrial Law) Faculty of Law, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, 2025-09-20) Akaje Halimat TopeThe global concern for the growing crisis of development and environment has led to the emergence of International Environmental law and adoption of several treaties to deal with environmental issues. Nigeria is a signatory to many environment treaties but few of these treaties have been domesticated into the Nigerian Law. This paper therefore discussed the application of International Environmental Law in Nigerian courts. It also discussed the challenges to the application of International Environmental law by Nigerian Courts. It relied on information from textbooks, journals, newspapers and internet materials. The paper also found that the importance of International Environmental Law to environmental protection globally and particularly Nigeria cannot be over emphasized. It revealed that the application of International Environmental Law in Nigerian Courts is confronted with many challenges; these challenges bother on domestication, judicial attitude, locus standi and remedies. It concluded that the provisions of section 12 (1) of the Nigerian Constitution, which stipulates that a treaty must be domesticated before it can have the force of law in Nigeria is a major hindrance to the application of International Environmental Law in Nigerian Courts. The paper recommended tackling the challenges to the application of International Environmental Law in Nigerian Courts, such as domestication of treaties, widening of locus standi, capacity building for judges.
- ItemStructure and mineralization potential of the southwestern part of Sokoto Basin in Nigeria(Frontiers in earth science, 2025-05) Magawata Usman Zayyanu; Olasunkanmi Nurudeen Kolawole; Egbeyale Godwin Babatunde; Saleh AThis study investigates the lithological boundaries, structural features, and mineralization potential in the southwestern part of the Sokoto Basin, Nigeria, using an integrated approach involving high-resolution aeromagnetic, radiometric, and Landsat 8 multispectral data. The aeromagnetic data were enhanced using tilt derivative, analytical signal, and first vertical derivative filters to delineate subsurface lithological units and structural trends. Depth to-source estimations were carried out using Euler deconvolution and Source Parameter Imaging (SPI), while radiometric data were analyzed to map potassium concentrations indicative of hydrothermal alteration zones. Landsat 8 imagery supported lithological and structural mapping through band ratios and false-color composites. The results revealed three major magnetic zones, high (53.3–120.2 nT), intermediate (27.0–53.2 nT), and low (-50.8–22.3 nT) corresponding to different rock units. Depth models highlighted complex basement topography with favorable zones for subsurface mineralization. Structural interpretation identified faults and NE-SE trending fractures that control fluid flow. Potassium anomaly zones were associated with metamorphosed rocks such as amphibolites and quartz mica schists, indicating gold-related hydrothermal alteration aligned with major structural features. The integration of geophysical and remote sensing methods provides a more detailed and spatially extensive understanding of the subsurface geology compared to traditional field-based mapping, offering valuable insights for future mineral exploration and a refined geological interpretation of the Sokoto Basin.
- ItemPOVERTY REDUCTION AND LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMMES IN ILORIN KWARA STATE: LEGAL ISSUES IN PERSPECTIVE(Faculty of Law Federal University Oye -Ekiti, Ekiti State, 2024) Akaje Halimat TopeNigeria has been rated as one of the poorest countries in the world as many citizens of Nigeria live below the poverty line. The Kwara State Bureau of Statistics estimated the poverty rate of the state to be 80.54 percent in 2010, Ilorin, being the capital of Kwara State, also has its fair share, as some residents are living with poverty. Hence, this paper seeks to discuss the livelihood programmes that have been embarked upon in Ilorin for the purpose of improving the lives of the vulnerable and marginalized residents. This paper relies on information from textbooks, journals, newspapers, and internet materials-doctrinal method of legal research. This paper reveals that livelihood programmes are valuable tools to reduce poverty but many factors such as corruption, nepotism, politicking, etc inhibit the sustainability and effectiveness of livelihood programmes in lifting people out of poverty in Ilorin. The paper also reveals that legal issues are embedded in the implementation of livelihood programmes, such as land ownership and access, environmental and social safeguards, human right issues and legal remedies for violation of rights, Transparency and accountability in programme implementation, etc. The paper concludes that adherence to legal provisions in the implementation of livelihood programmes enhance their sustainability and effectiveness. The paper also makes recommendations to surmount the challenges confronting the successful implementation of livelihood programmes in Ilorin, such as provision of adequate funding for livelihood programmes by government, monitoring of livelihood programmes