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- ItemIsolation, Identification and Screening of Lipase Producing Fungi from the Soil Environment of Ilorin Metropolis(2022-04-09) Abdulmumini S. A.; Yusuf-Salihu B. O.; Abdulsalam Z.B.This investigation was carried out to isolate, identify and screen for lipase producing fungal species present in the soil environment of Ilorin metropolis. Soil samples of approximately 200g each were collected randomly from eight different locations within the Ilorin metropolis for the investigation. Potato Dextrose Agar was used for the isolation of the fungal species by pour plate method. Six fungal species, Penicillium spp, Acremoniumspp, Mucors pp, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus nigerand Aspergillus flavuswere isolated and screened for their ability to produce lipases on tween- 20 and phenol red agar. The results obtained for lipase production on tween-80 and phenol red after 5 days of incubation showed that four isolates were positive for lipase production which was indicated by diameter zone of clearance and visible precipitate of calcium monolaurate due to the deposition of calcium crystal. The result further revealed that Aspergillus niger had the highest lipase producing ability (having a diameter zone of clearance of 14 ± 0.05 mm), followed by Rhizopus stolonifer (having 10 ± 0.05 mm). Aspergillus flavus and Mucor sp had 6 ± 0.03 mm, 6± 0.01 mm respectively. Acremonium sp. and Penicillium sp. had no zone of clearance. These results demonstrate the presence of lipase producing fungi in the soil environment of Ilorin metropolis,Kwara State, and these can be harnessed locally for large scale production of the enzyme which is of value commercially in the production of leather, detergent,textiles and also as constituents of some special diets and pharmaceuticals.
- ItemEvaluation of Improved Bioremediation Strategy for the Treatment of Abattoir Wastewater using Bacillus licheniformis ZUL012(Department of Pure and Industrial Chemisty, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, 2022-06-06) AJAO, AT; YUSUF-SALIHU, BOThe abattoir generates a large volume and variety of biowastes, posing a high risk of environmental contamination, disease outbreaks, and contaminated food. The purpose of this research was to characterize and remediate abattoir wastewater (Aww). The physicochemical characterization of the Aww revealed high level of pollution which served as a baseline for monitoring treatment efficacy. The B. licheniformis ZUL012 isolated from textile wastewater was primed with H2O2 and used to remediate Aww waste water in the current study. This study revealed Aww high pollution level which necessitated a need for the Treatment with this bacterium resulted in a significant decrease in some of the waste water parameters tested. The induced cell reduced the parameters to 155 41 mg/L, 75 mg/L, 454 mg/L, 1750 mg/L, and 1000 mg/L, whereas the naive cell reduced them to 375 mg/L, 776 mg/L, and 3122 mg/L, respectively. This equates to an average reduction of 95 percent (COD), 95 percent (BOD5), 77 percent (TOC), and 71% (TDS) compared to raw wastewater. These novel strategies show that H2O2-induced B. licheniformis ZUL012 could be a viable hybrid-bioremediation option for reducing or transforming the pollutants present in Aww, thereby contributing to compliance with wastewater discharge regulations into bodies of water.
- ItemThe Production of Second-generation Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass using Two Strains of Sacharomyces cerevisiae(Science Domain, 2022-06-14) Adedayo M. R.; Adetula F. A.; A. E. Ajiboye; Yusuf-Salihu B. O.Concerns about first generation bioethanol's impact on the food chain and biodiversity have shifted research to second generation (2G) bioethanol technologies. The 2G-bioethanol is made from lignocellulosic biomass, which is more sustainable and does not harm food security or the environment. This production process uses non-food crops, food crop residues, wood or food wastes, such as wood chips, skins, or pulp from fruit pressing. The present study examines the bioethanol production potential of three lignocellulosic biomass residues: corn cob, corn husk, and corn stem, as well as their physiochemical and mineral composition before and after fermentation. Before fermentation, the corn waste samples were hydrolyzed into sugar monomer and the hydrolysate was fermented separately to produce bioethanol for five days at 282oC using two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains: typed yeast ATCC 3585 and Baker's yeast ATCC 204508/S288c. At one-day intervals, the pH, simple sugar and ethanol production were measured. ANOVA was used to find significant differences between the investigated organisms. The results showed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 35858 produces more ethanol than the other strain (20.25±0.63). Corn cob also produced more ethanol than stem and husk. During fermentation, the typed yeasts outperformed the Baker's yeast in pH, reducing sugar, and specific gravity. Average dry yeast cell mass (ADM) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 35858 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508/S288c were 1.82±0.07 and 1.98±0.03, respectively. According to Original Research Article Adedayo et al.; JAMB, 22(8): 53-69, 2022; Article no.JAMB.88188 54 proximate composition, fermentation lost over 50% of the corn waste's nutrients (ash), while recovering over 50% of the minerals (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). The ability of the two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to produce bioethanol was not significantly different at p value ≤ 0.05.
- ItemAntibacterial Activity Of Essential Oil Of Syzygium cumini Leaf Against Pathogenic And Spoilage Bacteria Isolated From Cheese(Published by The Laboratory of Organic Materials, Faculty of Technology, University of Bejaia, Algeria., 2020-06-28) Yusuf Bashirat Olamide; Ajao Abdullahi Taiye; Saliu Bolanle Kudiratlocal cheese has been reported to be a high risk food in Nigeria due to the possible transmission of numerous spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. This study therefore investigated not only the spoilage and pathogenic bacteria associated with local cheese sold within Ilorin metropolis but also microbiological food safety of the food through the use of Syzygium cumini oil as a preservative. Samples of wara were collected from selected seller across the metropolis and analysed for the presence of different bacterial species using spread plate method on appropriate selective growth media. All the bacterial isolates were identified using biochemical test. Invitro therapeutic efficacy of S.cumini oil aginst foodborne isolates was carried out using Kirby-Bauer method. The most six prevalent bacterial isolates were Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogene, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the wara. Hydrodistilled leaves of Syzygium cumini yielded 0.32% (v/w) of essential oil. Examination of the oil by GC and GC/MS uncovered that the greater part of the oil was comprised by sesquiterpenes. Other outstanding constituents were Cis-Beta-Farnesene (1.40%), Beta-Ocimene (2.11%), Betabisabolol (1.48%), Beta-Ocimene (2.11%), and D-Limonene (2.89%). Antibacterial action was measured base on the zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration. The oil repressed the development of Proteus vulgaris at 25% concentration, Escherichia coli at 12.5% concentration, Listeria monocytogene at 6.25% concentration, Salmonella typhimurium at 12.5% concentration and Staphylococcus aureusat 6.25% concentration while no action was recorded against B. subtilis. Highest activity, represented by diameter of zone of clearance around the loaded wells was recorded for Staphylococcus aureus. Accordingly, the oil can be an elective method for averting spoilage in stored wara in this manner expanding its time span of edibility.
- ItemBacteriological Surveillance and Assessment of Malete Well Water in Malete, Kwara State(International Technology and Science Publications Limited, 2020-09-10) Ajao Abdullahi Taiwo; Awotundun Nathaniel Oluwatosin; Yusuf Bashirat OlamideMajority of the population in Malete where research was carried out depend solely on wells as their major source of water supply because of the inexistence of treated pipeborne water. Due to increasing cases of water-borne diseases such as dysentery and cholera in some local Government areas in Kwara State recently, informed this bacteriological surveillance and monitoring of wells. Samples of well water were collected from seven different locations within Malete city in Nigeria and analyzed microbiologically using Membrane Filtration Technique and various isolated colony are tentatively identified based on their biochemical and physiological properties.The organisms were identified as Salmonella sp, Pseudomonas sp, Shigella sp, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella sp, vibrio sp,serattia sp and Proteus sp. The percentage occurrence of the organisms isolated from the well samples showed that Staphylococcus aureus was the most common (22.59%) followed by Escherichia coli (19.45%), and Pseudomonas species with 12.45% occurrence. Percentage occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella species were 8.95% and 12.45% respectively, while, Serratia species was the least with 2.72% occurrence. Conclusively, proper well location and construction of good wells should be encouraged; control of human activities to prevent sewage from entering water body is the key to the avoiding bacterial contamination of drinking water. Household treatment such as boiling, use of chlorine should be encouraged before water from these wells is used for drinking and all other domestic purposes.