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- ItemScreening of Naturally Occurring Fungi for Lipase Production using Selected Agricultural Waste Products(Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS, 2025-06) 1Ajiboye Adeyinka Elizabeth, 1* Said Olaitan Rukayat, 1Yusuf Monsurat OluwabunmiThe growing industrial demand for new sources of lipases with varying catalytic properties has prompted the isolation and selection of novel microbial strains. This study focused on isolating and screening fungi that produce lipase using selected agricultural waste products. The farm waste materials which include; wheat bran, rice husks, corn meal, and sugarcane bagasse, were collected aseptically from selected markets. They were sun-dried for 72 hours and pulverized. Naturally occurring fungi were obtained using the solid-state fermentation method. Isolation and identification of the fungi were performed using the dilution plate method and characterization respectively. Lipase production was screened using a medium containing a phenol red indicator. Five fungal isolates were obtained from wheat bran, two from rice husks, two from corn meal, and one from sugarcane bagasse. Out of these, four fungal isolates tested positive for lipase production, while one tested negative. From wheat bran the highest zone of colouration was observed in Aspergillus niger with 41.00±2.65, Aspergillus flavus with 34.00±12.29, Rhizopus stolonifer with 29.00±5.29, Geotrichum species with 24.33±7.09 and Fusarium species with 0.00±0.00. In rice husk, the highest zone of colouration was observed in Rhizopus stolonifera with 85.00±0.00 Aspergillus niger with 83.67±1.53, in corn meal the highest zone of colouration was observed in Aspergillus flavus with 85.00±0.00, Rhizopus stolonifer with 42.34±16.19. In sugar cane bagasse, the highest zone of colouration was observed in Rhizopus stolonifer with 85.00±0.00. It can be concluded that wheat bran, rice husk, corn meal, and sugarcane bagasse are potential substrates for lipase production using naturally occurring fungi.
- ItemEvaluation of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) for Wine Production Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae(South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology, 2025-03-10) Mubarak Muhammed Abdulrazaq; Bajepade Toheeb TaiyeAims: This research aims at establishing the possibility of making wine from sweet potato residues under aerobic and anaerobic fermentation regimes. Study Design: Instruments were autoclaved, and sweet potatoes were grinded into paste, which was thereafter liquefied by α-amylase and amyloglucosidase. The fermentation was done using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Kwara State University, between June 2024 and September 2024. Methodology: Fresh white sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas), without injury were purchase from Mandate Market, Ilorin, Nigeria. The sweet potato was peeled and proximate composition determined. Two commercial enzymes (amylase and amyloglucosidase) were used for saccharification of sweet potato roots. Results: Aerobic fermentation showed a change in the pH from 4.1 to 3.8 while anaerobic fermentation decreased to 3.9. Titratable acidity was lower in aerobic 0.88 than in anaerobic condition (1.6). Yeast concentration was found to be at its highest of 4.6 × 10² cells/ml at the end of the aerobic fermentation experiment, the yeast activity was no observed under anaerobic conditions. Alcohol content reached 9.0% for both approaches and remained more or less constant. Sensory evaluation showed that sweet potato wine was accepted by 72.8% compared to 88% for Carlo Rossi commercial wine. Conclusion: The proximal composition analysis revealed the sweet potato wine has more glucose and vitamin C than the locally available wines. From these results, it possible to make wine from sweet potato residues and it is comparable to commercial wines.
- ItemCROSS-RESISTANCE BETWEEN SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE AND OTHER ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS: A STUDY OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN ILORIN KWARA STATE NIGERIA(International Journal of Advanced Resource, 2025-03) Obaniyi K.A.1 , Sunday O.J.1 , Said R.O.1 , Luka J.2 and Salau-Deen B.M2Antimalarial resistance remains a serious problem in malaria-endemic regions, particularly in pregnant women, who are likely to suffer from complications. The research evaluates the resistance to commonly employed antimalarial medications—Chloroquine, Artesunate, and Arthether—among pregnant women in Ilorin, Nigeria, at different trimesters and during delivery. Cross-sectional study was conducted among 253 pregnant women presenting at antenatal clinics within Ilorin, Kwara State. Venous blood from study participants in different pregnancy stages (first trimester, second trimester, third trimester, and upon delivery) were drawn. Schizont maturation inhibition method was used in the drug susceptibility test to establish resistance to Chloroquine, Artesunate, and Arthether. Chloroquine resistance prevalence was moderately low at varying levels of between 7.9% upon delivery and 12.2% in the second trimester. Resistance against Artesunate, however, rose progressively as pregnancy advanced up to 60.0% in the third trimester, suggesting loss of drug effectiveness toward the end of pregnancy. Arthether resistance was variable, with the highest prevalence in the first (43.0%) and second (33.8%) trimesters, dropping to 0% during the third trimester, and then rising again to 38.1% at delivery. Cross-resistance evaluation showed a high positive correlation between SP resistance and Artesunate resistance during the first (OR = 2.53, p = 0.007) and second trimesters (OR = 2.19, p = 0.043), which suggests shared resistance mechanisms. In contrast, SP resistance was reversely associated with Chloroquine resistance at the second trimester (OR = 0.43, p = 0.021) and at delivery (OR = 0.27, p = 0.042), demonstrating that individuals resistant to SP were less resistant to Chloroquine. The findings prove evidence of enhanced resistance to Artesunate, particularly as gestation age increases, making its usage among pregnant women challenging. Cross-resistance between SP and Artesunate increases the need for continued caution and possible alteration of treatment of malaria in pregnant women. Other treatment regimens to manage malaria in pregnancy effectively should be the focus of future research
- ItemEvaluation of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) for Wine Production Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae(2025-03-10) Mubarak Muhammed Abdulrazaq; Bajepade Toheeb TaiyeAims: This research aims at establishing the possibility of making wine from sweet potato residues under aerobic and anaerobic fermentation regimes. Study Design: Instruments were autoclaved, and sweet potatoes were grinded into paste, which was thereafter liquefied by α-amylase and amyloglucosidase. The fermentation was done using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Kwara State University, between June 2024 and September 2024. Methodology: Fresh white sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas), without injury were purchase from Mandate Market, Ilorin, Nigeria. The sweet potato was peeled and proximate composition determined. Two commercial enzymes (amylase and amyloglucosidase) were used for saccharification of sweet potato roots. Results: Aerobic fermentation showed a change in the pH from 4.1 to 3.8 while anaerobic fermentation decreased to 3.9. Titratable acidity was lower in aerobic 0.88 than in anaerobic condition (1.6). Yeast concentration was found to be at its highest of 4.6 × 10² cells/ml at the end of the aerobic fermentation experiment, the yeast activity was no observed under anaerobic conditions. Alcohol content reached 9.0% for both approaches and remained more or less constant. Sensory evaluation showed that sweet potato wine was accepted by 72.8% compared to 88% for Carlo Rossi commercial wine. Conclusion: The proximal composition analysis revealed the sweet potato wine has more glucose and vitamin C than the locally available wines. From these results, it possible to make wine from sweet potato residues and it is comparable to commercial wines.
- ItemFACTORS INFLUENCING SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE RESISTANCE IN PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN ILORIN, NIGERIA(FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS), 2025-01) Obaniyi, K. A., Sunday, O. J., Said, R. O., Luka, J. and Salau-Deen, B. MMalaria remains a significant public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, especially among pregnant women. Resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), a key drug for treatment and prevention, is rising. This study investigated the prevalence of SP resistance among pregnant women in Ilorin, Nigeria, across pregnancy trimesters and healthcare facility types, and identified influencing factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 764 pregnant women attending Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Private Health Facilities. Facilities were categorized as Primary (basic care), Secondary, Tertiary (advanced care), and Private (privately owned, with varying levels of specialisation). Resistance prevalence was defined as the percentage of pregnant women in each trimester exhibiting resistance to SP. Prevalence rates were 37.6% (first trimester), 28.9% (second trimester), 31.9% (third trimester), and 38.7% (at delivery). The highest prevalence occurred in Private Health Facilities during the first trimester (45.5%) and Secondary Health Facilities at delivery (66.7%). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that occupation, blood group, and IPTp use were the significant predictors of SP resistance. For instance, occupation was associated negatively with resistance in the first trimester: coefficient = -0.144, p = 0.027, whereas hypertension and proximity to stagnant water were significant at delivery, coefficients -0.342, p = 0.009 and -0.296, p = 0.035, respectively. These findings call for targeted malaria control strategies, considering trimester-specific risk factors and healthcare facility type. For example, improved access to IPTp and early detection of hypertension in the second and third trimesters may reduce resistance.