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- ItemQualitative Study on Leveraging McGregor’s Theory in Managing Co-Curricular Activities at Secondary School Level of Education in Nigerian(Faculty of Education Federal University Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria, 2026-02-01) ALIYU Kehinde Hassan, HASSAN IbrahimAbstract In today’s rapidly evolving world, students are expected to excel not only in academics but also in a broad range of life skills that prepare them for real-world challenges. Therefore, this paper examines the application of McGregor’s Theories X and Y in the implementation of Co-curricular activities in schools. The primary aim was to align the roles of teachers and co-curricular coordinators with contemporary management principles that enhance student engagement and participation. The study critically explored the core assumptions of both theories, highlighting their relevance to educational leadership. Theory X, which assumes that individuals inherently dislike work and require external control, is contrasted with Theory Y, which posits that individuals are self-motivated and thrive under supportive, participatory leadership. These theoretical orientations were analyzed about how co-curricular activities are planned, implemented, and supervised in school environments. The study revealed that the participatory and motivational qualities of Theory Y closely align with the objectives of co-curricular activities, which demand creativity, initiative, collaboration, and student-centered engagement. Consequently, the paper concluded that for optimal outcomes in student development and holistic education, school leaders and activity coordinators should adopt the flexible, empowering strategies of Theory Y, while selectively drawing on Theory X in situations that require structure and discipline.
- ItemANALYSIS OF COSTS AND RETURN IN CASSAVA PROCESSING; EVIDENCE OF GARRI PRODUCTION IN EKITI LOCAL GOVERNMENT, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA(FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 2025) Alao, Z.O; Nofiu, N.B.,; Mahmud, H.U.,; *Saka, Z.T* andThis study examines the socio-economic characteristics and financial viability of Garri processing in Ekiti Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. The industry is predominantly female dominated (97.9%), with a significant proportion of married (77.08%) and youthful (29-38 years, 33.33%) processors. However, 65.63% lack access to credit, and 82.29% receive credits of ≤₦100,000/annum. The cost-benefit analysis reveals a lucrative venture, with an average weekly production of 25.5 baskets of cassava roots translating to 1270kg (12.7bags) of garri, a gross margin of 28%, and a Return on Investment (ROI) of 38.9%. The total revenue per week (₦646,610.52) surpasses the total cost by ₦181,227.82. The study concludes that Garri processing contributes significantly to income generation, employment opportunity and rural development. To enhance its viability, targeted credit facilities, training on technological adoption and financial management, and investment promotion are recommended. These findings inform policymakers, investors, and development practitioners on the industry’s potential for economic growth.
- ItemClimate Smart Agriculture Practices: A Synthesis of Implementation in Nigeria(Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development, 2025-07-11) Ifabiyi John OluwaseunThe impact of climate is threatening sustainable food production worldwide. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is a strategic practice that supports farming, ameliorates food insecurity, and advances sustainable agriculture. This study assesses the implementation of CSA through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). From an initial in-depth search of 337 publications, 98 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results showed that awareness of CSA remains low even with a steady increase in publications from 2020-2023. The south-western region was the most studied as farmers implemented various approaches across the country with 43% of the studies highlighting the implementation of indigenous knowledge which includes adjusting the planting dates and use of natural pest control methods. Major determinants of the adoption of CSA were access to credit, contact with extension service providers, years of farming experience, and level of education. Farmers recorded an increase in production and income with improvement in soil health due to their adoption of CSA. The absence of government policies, the high cost of implementation, and low level of technical skill were hindrances to the adoption of CSA. The study concludes that farmers in Nigeria are implementing CSA practices. There is a need to increase awareness and develop the capacity of farmers through training in CSA skills. The government should legislate reforms and provide incentives to support farmers to adopt CSA.
- ItemIMPACT OF INFORMATION ON IMPROVED TECHNOLOGIES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SMALL-SCALE FARMERS IN KWARA STATE(Nigerian Journal of Agricultural Economics (NJAE), 2023) Saka, Z.T.; Ambali, O.Y.Low productivity and income of farmers has been ascribed to lack of adequate information and low utilization of improved technologies among small-scale farmers in Nigeria. Therefore, this study assessed the impact of information on improved technologies on the productivity of small-scale farmers in Kwara State. A three-stage random sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study showed that the use of extension agents as a source of information on improved technologies was ranked first (mean= 3.56), and herbicides were found to be the most used among the selected improved technologies (mean = 3.63). Age, education, farming experience, and membership of a cooperative society were identified to be positively significant as factors determining the source of information used by farmers in accessing improved technologies at 5% level. The use of improved technologies had a positive and significant effect on the productivity of farmers. Inadequate capital (46.7%), illiteracy (35.0%) and poor access to improved technologies (29.2%) were severe constraints hindering the usage of improved technologies. Therefore, it is recommended that Agricultural programs should be aired in the local languages of farmers, for better understanding of information passed on technologies and practices.
- ItemFish farmers’ attitudes toward the use of social media in Kwara State, Nigeria(South Valley University Egypt, 2023-10-13) Ifabiyi John OluwaseunThis article assessed the fish farmers’ attitude towards the use of social media in Kwara State, Nigeria. One hundred and Thirty fish farmers were purposively selected in four fishing communities in Kwara State, Nigeria. The data collected was analysed with the use of both descriptive and inferential statistics. 39.9 years was the mean age of the respondents, about 73.8 % of the fish farmers were married, the mean household size of the fish farmers was 4 persons, the mean years of experience was 7.7 years and the Annual mean income of the respondents was 181,115.38 Naira. About 56.9 % of the respondents make use of social media daily while 1,829.23Naira was the average monthly money used to buy data. WhatsApp was the most (87.7%) frequently used social media platform, and Information sharing purpose was the highest (90.8%) motive for using social media by the respondents. Social media usage enhances access to information on improved technology (mean=3.85) was the highest-ranked attitudinal statement. Irregular supply of electricity (mean=2.15) was the highest-ranked factor affecting the use of social media. Therefore, this study recommends providing training on social media use to fish farmers to enhance their productivity.