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Agricultural Researchers’ Awareness of the Causes and Effects of Climate Change in Edo State, Nigeria
(Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012) Tajudeen Oyekunle Banmeke; Olugbenga Emmanuel Fakoya; Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda
The study assessed Agricultural researchers’ awareness of the causes and effects of climate change in Edo State, Nigeria. Data for the study were collected from 112 respondents and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicated that 45.5% of the respondents were between the ages of 31-50 years with 64.2% having a work experience of 5-10 years. Results revealed that 96.4% and 94.6% of the respondents were aware of gas flaring and oil spillage as causes of climate change. Also, 98.2% and 95.5% of the respondents were aware of increase in temperature and change in rainfall pattern respectively as some of the effects of climate change. There was a significant relationship between information sources and awareness of causes of climate change (r = 0.32; p < 0.05). It was recommended that agricultural researcher should be pragmatic and proactive in the pursuit of issues relating to climate change.
An overview of the interactions between food production and climate change
(Science of the Total Environment, 2022-06) Walter Leal Filho, Andréia Faraoni Freitas Setti, Ulisses M. Azeiteiro, Erandathie Lokupitiya, Felix Kwabena Donkor, NseAbasi NsikakAbasi Etim, Newton Matandirotya Felicia Motunrayo Olooto, Ayyoob Sharifi, Gustavo J. Nagy, Ilija Djekic
This paper provides an overview of how food production influences climate change and also illustrates the impact of climate change on food production. To perform such an overview, the (inter)link between different parts of the food supply chain continuum (agriculture production, livestock farming, food processing, food transport and storing, retail food, and disposal of food waste) and climate change has been investigated through a bibliometric analysis. Besides UNSustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13, associated with climate change, other SDGs that are associated with this overview are goals #1, #2, #3, #6, #7, #12, and #15. Based on the evidence gathered, the paper provides some recommendations that may assist in efforts to reduce the climate-related impacts of food production.
ANALYSIS OF MULTIMEDIA CHANNELS OF INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO FISH FARMERS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
(Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts, 2011) O OYEKUNLE, OJ OLAOYE, OA LAWAL-ADEBOWALE, IF AYANDA
Fish farmers in Nigeria lack adequate information and their production capacity is low. The study ana- lyzed the multimedia channels of information available to fish farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria. Multi- stage sampling techniques was used to select 120 fish farmers in the study area. Primary data were obtained with interview schedule. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data collected. Most of the farmers (97.5%) were male and married. Many (43.3%) had primary education while 30.9% had no formal education. Majority (76.1%) had radio sets while 45.3% and 28.3% had television and phone respectively. Farmers’ accessibility to information was high in radio (79.2%) and extension agents (73.3%) but low in television, flyers, trainings, phone, internet and fellow farmers. Most of the farmers (85.0%) preferred extension agents, radio (71.6%) and television (68.3%) as their source of information on fish farming. Majority (80.0%) preferred Yoruba as the language of broadcast and pub- lications, 16.7% preferred English while 3.3% preferred Igbo. Most (83.3%) of the farmers regarded lack of electricity as the foremost constraint to their access to information on media. Other constraints identified were non-relevance of information to farmers’ felt needs (73.3%), feedback problem (60.0%), inadequate fund (40.8%) and illiteracy (23.3%). Chi-square analysis showed a significant association at p ≤ 0.05 between farmers’ choice of information channels and age (π2=19.60), educational level (π2=39.82), years of farming (π2 = 20.48), income (π2 = 34.03), and media related constraints (π2 = 6.92). The study established that age, educational level, years of farming, annual income and con- straints experienced by the farmers played significant roles in their choice and use of information channels, and that, farmers have more access to extension agents as channel of information. It was recommended that more information on fish farming should be provided through the multimedia and be based on farmers’ felt needs. More extension workers should be employed and trained while phone-in radio and television programmes should be regularly aired and viewing centres and radio groups established in strategic locations.
APPLICATION OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENT AND STABILITY ANALYSES TO SOME TRAITS IN FORAGE LEGUMES
(Tropical and Subtropical agroecosystems, 2021-06-18) Ololade Latifat Abdulrahman; Oluwafemi Oluwatosin Lawal; Nofiu Babatunde Nofiu; Felicia Motunrayo Olooto; Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda; Hakeem Ishola
Background. Availability of quality feed in adequate quantity for animals is a perennial problem. Its search results in conflicts between crop farmers and herders. Objectives. This research investigated three forage legumes in order to determine the most yielding, adaptable and important traits that could be used for forage improvement. Methodology. The forage legumes were laid out in randomised complete block design across three environments. Data collected on growth and yield parameters were subjected to ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and stability analysis using additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI). Results The result showed that there was significant (p < 0.05) difference among the forage legumes for vegetative traits, stress traits and yield, hence, they could be through breeding. For biomass yield, PC1 and PC2 accounted for 75.16 and 24.84% of G x E respectively based on AMMI. Lablab purpureus is the most yielding, stable, adapted to rain forest and savannah zones, with yield of 28,948.69 kg/ha. PCA revealed that the first three PCs accounted for 87% of the total variation. There was positive and significant association between biomass yield and vegetative traits. Implication. Flourishing vegetative growth is a good indicator of biomass yield. Conclusion. It is recommended that extension agents should encourage the adoption of lablab for production of feeds for ruminants, as it can serve as sustainable land use measure considering the modern restriction on land availability for grazing and solution to incessant pastoral and crop farmers crises in the tropics.
APPLICATION OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENT AND STABILITY ANALYSES TO SOME TRAITS IN FORAGE LEGUMES
(Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 2021-04-13) Ololade Latifat Abdulrahman, Oluwafemi Oluwatosin Lawal, Nofiu Babatunde Nofiu, Felicia Motunrayo Olooto, Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda, Hakeem Ishola
Background. Availability of quality feed in adequate quantity for animals is a perennial problem. Its search results in conflicts between crop farmers and herders. Objectives. This research investigated three forage legumes in order to determine the most yielding, adaptable and important traits that could be used for forage improvement. Methodology. The forage legumes were laid out in randomised complete block design across three environments. Data collected on growth and yield parameters were subjected to ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and stability analysis using additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI). Results The result showed that there was significant (p < 0.05) difference among the forage legumes for vegetative traits, stress traits and yield, hence, they could be through breeding. For biomass yield, PC1 and PC2 accounted for 75.16 and 24.84% of G x E respectively based on AMMI. Lablab purpureus is the most yielding, stable, adapted to rain forest and savannah zones, with yield of 28,948.69 kg/ha. PCA revealed that the first three PCs accounted for 87% of the total variation. There was positive and significant association between biomass yield and vegetative traits. Implication. Flourishing vegetative growth is a good indicator of biomass yield. Conclusion. It is recommended that extension agents should encourage the adoption of lablab for production of feeds for ruminants, as it can serve as sustainable land use measure considering the modern restriction on land availability for grazing and solution to incessant pastoral and crop farmers crises in the tropics.
ASSESSMENT OF ARTISANAL FISHERY ACTIVITIES AMONG FISHERFOLK IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
(Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 2021) TA Zakariyah, IF Ayanda, LK Olatinwo
Fish is a veritable source of high quality protein, essential vitamins and minerals that are crucial to metabolic activities in human system. Artisanal sector is faced by so many problems such as use of crude fishing gears, inadequate credit facilities and high rate of poverty among fisherfolk. Therefore, the study assessed artisanal fishery activities among fisher folks in Lagos State, Nigeria. A well structured interview schedule was conducted to elicit information from 200 artisanal fisherfolk using multistage sampling techniques. Findings from the study showed most of the artisanal fishermen were youth, male, egun ethnic group and few with formal education. Consequently, the artisanal fisherfolk are highly skilled and experience. Furthermore, majority revealed that friends, family, fishing festivals and colleagues were the major source of accessing information on artisanal fishing. However, the major constraints hindering artisanal fishing activities include inadequate extension contact, low fish catch and inaccessibility to credit facilities. The study recommend that extension arm of the government should deploy extension personnel to train the fisherfolk the use of improved techniques or methods so as to increase the skills of the fisherfolk. This will enhance fish catch by the fisherfolk. In addition, Federal Government should come out with stable policy guideline to enable commercial banks disburse loans to the artisanal fisherfolk at a very low interest rate, in order to help them expand their production capacity.
Assessment of climate change adaptation practices of arable crop farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria
(2023) Latifat Olatinwo; Olayinka Yusuf; Zainab Oguntoyinbo; Sola Komolafe
This study examined the climate change adaptation practices of farmers cultivating arable crops in Kwara State. One hundred and twenty (120) farmers were drawn for this study using multi stage sampling method. An interview schedule was designed to gather relevant data and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Results reveal that the average years of farming experience was 7 years with majority having no formation education. The topmost effects of climate change were crop loss (mean=4.82), food insecurity (mean=480) and the inability to plan ahead (mean=4.79). The leading mitigation practices employed by farmers were organic farming practices (mean=3.59), crop rotation methods (mean=3.53) and afforestation (mean=3.52). Foremost challenges to effective mitigation were insufficient extension contact (mean=4.85), poor support by the government (mean=4.71) and inadequate required production inputs (mean=4.69). Correlation analysis showed that educational status of the farmers indicated positive significant relationship with mitigation practices employed by farmers. The study concluded that organic farming practices, crop rotation methods and afforestation were the leading mitigation practices employed by farmers in Kwara State. There is need for extension organizations in the study area should recruit more extension agents to enable practical field demonstration of climate change adaptation practices.
Assessment of public extension personnel’s capabilities and use of electronic sources for extension service delivery in Kwara State
(Journal of Sustainable Development, 2021-12) SK Subair, OJ Yusuf, IF Ayanda, OL Abdulrahman
The study assessed public extension personnel’s capabilities and use of electronic sources for extension service delivery in Kwara state, Nigeria. All (125) public extension personnel in the state main extension agency were used for the study. This comprises 17, 40, 33 and 35 extension personnel from zones A, B, C and D of the state, respectively. Structured questionnaire was used for primary data collection, complemented by key informant interview. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, such as frequency count, percentages, mean and standard deviation while correlation matrix and principal component (factor) analysis were used for inferential deductions. Information elicited from the key informant interview were used to corroborate the quantitative findings. The extension personnel had basic foundational education and deemed literate enough to make use of electronic resources. They possessed good technical knowledge and skills to make use of electronic resources for accessing and disseminating agricultural information. There was increasing use of electronic resources among public extension personnel within the agricultural sector, owing to continuous proliferation of digital literacy and pervasiveness of electronic gadgets, globally, Nigeria inclusive. More knowledgeable personnel had better perception about benefits of e-resources, and equally encountered more constraints using them. The principal component analysis yielded five main constraints’ categories associated with use of electronic resources among the extension personnel namely ‘psychomotor’, ‘cognitive related’ and ‘internet related’ factors, in order of their contribution to total percent variation. Others were ‘infrastructure related’ and ‘affective’ factors, respectively.
ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF SHEA BUTTER PROCESSING ON THE LIVELIHOOD OF WOMEN PROCESSORS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA.
(Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies & Management, 2017-10-17) IF Ayanda, OL Salawu
Potential of shea butter processing on processors’ livelihood, processing techniques, shea nuts’ availability, outcomes and constraints of shea butter processing in Kwara State were investigated. Random sampling technique was used to select 81 processors used as respondents. Percentages and frequencies were used for data analysis. The average age of the processors and years spent in shea butter processing were 48.40 and 20.6 years respectively. Manual processing technique dominated the enterprise. Low processing (0.98 kilograms of shea butter), income of N490.00 or $US 2.72 Dollars/day (higher than the critical poverty level of $1/day) was recorded. Also, 42%, 45% and 43% of processors were able to pay the school fees, settled hospital bills, lived in block and cemented buildings showing the potential of shea butter processing on improving processors’ livelihood provided loan is liberalized for acquisition of processing machine to increase the quantity and quality of shea butter.
Awareness of poultry farmers on biosafety practices against infectious diseases in Kano State, Nigeria
(Agricultural Extension Society of NIgeria (AESON), 2022-05-17) Oladele Gafaru Bello; Ololade Latifat Abdulrahaman; Ajoke Oluwatoyin Kayode; Issa Zubair Busari; Ibrahim Musa Koloche
The study examined the awareness level of poultry farmers on biosafety practices on infectious diseases in Kano state, Nigeria. A two-stage sampling procedure was used in selecting 166 respondents through the use of questionnaire. The data were analysed using mean, percentages, and standard deviation. The result showed that the main sources of awareness of biosafety practices were mass media (48.8%), family/friends/neighbours (25.9%) and poultry farmers’ association (PAN) (11.4%). Awareness of biosafety were in the following component cleaning (low pressure washer ( x̄ =1.602) and hand washing after toileting (x̄ =1.789), disinfection covering feeds in the store (x̄ =1.560), manure management (x̄ =1 .608) and removal of dead carcasses (x̄ =1.530). component. At segregation and traffic control all the subcomponents were known except; banning keeping of birds at home (x̄ =1.114), exclusion of rodents & wild birds (x̄ =1.054) and presence of buffer areas around the farm (x̄=1.000). The Majority of the respondents claimed very low levels of awareness of biosafety practices (81.9%), major constraints to biosafety practices among the clienteles were; complexity of the biosecurity, inadequate capital (93.4%) and high cost of the biosafety practices (83.1%). Awareness level of the respondents should be improved upon through sensitization and provision of more extension services in addition to the mass media effort.
Capability of Poultry Association of Nigeria for Extension Services Delivery to Poultry Farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria
(2014) IF Ayanda
Community participation and sustainability of the community and social development projects in Kwara State, Nigeria
(2020) Olayinka Jelili Yusuf; Adesoji Oyeniyi Adekunmi; Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda
The study identified development projects instituted under the CSDP, ascertained extent of community participation at every critical stage of the project and determined whether perceived sustainability of CSDPs was significantly related to community participation in Kwara State. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents for the study. Structured interview schedule was used for data collection while percentages, mean scores and the Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) were used for data analysis. Community participation in organization of and attendance at meeting and financial contribution was high with weighted mean scores of 1.62 and 1.50, respectively, but low in most other project components. There was significant but positive relationship between age (r = 0.25), estimated monthly income (r = 0.26) and perceived sustainability (r = 0.31) and community participation at p ≤ 0.01. In contrast, there was significant but inverse relationship between community participation and number of project executed (r = -0.25). In conclusion, extent of community participation was low in most project components and community participation tended to increase with higher monthly income, fewer number of projects individual participated in, and higher perceived sustainability of the projects. Stakeholders of the CSDPs at government’s and grassroots’ levels should allow for more engagement of the people at all components of the CSDPs and the local communities should take on fewer projects at a time so as to enhance community participation.Keywords: Community participation, CSDP, participatory development, perceived sustainability, gender balance
Constraints associated with cultivation and utilization of soyabean by farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria
(Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2014) O Oyekunle, OT Onifade, IF Ayanda, AS Amusat, KK Bolarinwa
This study identified the constraints associated with the cultivation and utilization of soyabeans by farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents for the study. Primary data were obtained with interview guide. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Chi-Square were used to analyze the data collected. Results showed that the mean age of the respondents was 54.8years and majority (75.0%) were male. Majority (64.2%) were married while 65.0% were literate. Thirty five percent (35.0%) had been in farming for about 20 years while majority (65.8%) cultivated between 1-3 hectares of land. Most (80.8%) of the farmers were aware of soyabean cultivation with 56.7% having extension agents as their source of information. Other sources of information include the media (radio and television), fellow farmers and friends. Lack of market for soyabean was the foremost constraint against farmers’cultivation of soyabeans while lack of knowledge of soyabean processing was ranked first among the constraints militating against farmers’ utilization of soyabeans. More than half (59.2%) of the farmers utilize soyabean only in the form of soya milk. Chi-square analysis showed a significant relationship between farmers’ cultivation of soyabean and sex (χ2=8.34, p<0.05) and educational status (χ2=31.43, p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that farmers’ cultivation of soyabean is significantly related to age (r=0.96, p<0.05), farm size (r=0.78, p<0.05) and years of farming (r=0.68, p<0.05) while age is significantly related to farmers’ utilization of soyabean (r=0.04, p<0.05). It was concluded that age, sex, educational status, farm size and years of farming played significant roles in farmers’ cultivation of soyabean while age determined the utilization of soyabean by the farmers. It was recommended that extension services targeted on soyabean cultivation and utilization should be more vigorously pursued.
COPING STRATEGIES ON CLIMATE VARIABILITY AMONG COWPEA FARMERS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
(2024) Latifat Kehinde Olatinwo; Sola Emmanuel Komolafe; Maryam Olaitan Asifat
Background. The unstable climatic conditions can no longer be predicted by farmers. The unpredictability intensity of temperature and pattern of rainfall in cowpea production has affected the farmers’ decision on production practices and general productivity. Therefore, farmers are beginning to improvise on management practices to avert the effects of climate change to remain relevant and profitable in the business of cowpea production. Objective. To examine the farmers’ coping strategies used against the effects of climate variability for cowpea production in Kwara State, Nigeria. Methodology. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 120 cowpea-based farmers. A structured survey questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Data were analysed with frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation while Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to ascertain the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics and copying strategies used by farmers. Results. Majority (79.2%) of the respondents experienced high adverse effects of climate variability including abnormal rise in temperature (76.7%), irregular/unpredictable rainfall patterns (51.7%), and excessive rainfall (37.5%) on cowpea crop. The leading coping strategies used by farmers were use of fertilizer (x̄=2.73), herbicides (x̄=2.72), and planting early maturing variety (x̄=2.51). Farmers were mainly hindered by adequate irrigation facilities (x̄=1.72), inadequate access to extension services (x̄=1.66), and high cost of agrochemicals (x̄=1.60). Result education, cowpea farm size, years of experience in cowpea farming, membership in farmers group, and additional sources of information on cowpea production showed a positive significant relationship with the choice of coping strategies employed by cowpea farmers against the effects of climate change experienced at p<0.05 level. Implication. The study showed that abnormal rise in temperature and irregular rainfall patterns are affecting cowpea production and thus, some socioeconomic attributes significantly supported farmers’ choice of coping strategies employed against the effects of climate change and variability. Conclusion. The use of agrochemicals and cultivation of early maturing variety has played critical roles in coping with adverse effects of climate variability in cowpea production.
Determinants of Land Tenure System Practiced among Farming Households in Moro Local Government Area, Kwara State
(National Cereals Research Institute Badeggi, Nigeria, 2022-12-31) Ambali Olatunji Yusuf
Abstract This study examined the determinants of land tenure system practiced among farming household in Moro local government area of Kwara state. Specifically, it: examined the type of land tenure system practiced among the farming household; and examined the factor determining the type of land tenure system practiced among the farming households. Data were obtained from primary sources with the aid of an interview schedule. Analysis of data was carried out with descriptive statistics and multinomial regression analysis. It was found that land acquisition was predominantly (76.0%) through inheritance and inferably, most of the respondents owned the piece of land they used for farming. On the factors affecting the type of land tenure system practiced; farming experience and farm size significantly affect the likelihood of choosing inherited land over communal land, the educational level increases the likelihood of choosing purchased land over communal land, the age of the farmers, and the farming experience of farmers were positive factors determining the use of gifted land tenure system over communal land. Likewise, farm size, age and farming experience were found to be key determinants for the use leased tenure system. Since the majority of farmers own their farmland, soil improvement practices that will improve productivity should be imbibed. Keywords: Determinants, Households, Productivity, Tenure system
Does Gender Wage Gap Exist among Farm Workers in Nigeria? Evidence from Decomposition-Matching Analysis
(2023) Abdulrazaq K. Daudu; Oyedola W. Kareem; Latifat K. Olatinwo; Suleiman B. Shuaib; Abdulganiyu I. Abdulrahman
AbstractUsing a cross-sectional survey data of agricultural farms, we investigate gender-based differences in farm wages among farm workers by randomly allocating farm workers into treatment (female) and control (male) groups with a simple random sampling technique. We used the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method to establish the gender wage gap and Propensity Score Matching to address assumptions and heterogeneity difficulties that plague the decomposition technique. Results show that female farm workers earn ₦ 9,170.83 less compared to their male counterparts, which indicates an unadjusted gender gap. This gender gap in farm wages is explained by the specific factors included in our model, so upgrading these variables could reduce gender inequalities in farm wages. Matching results indicate that the gender gaps estimated with nearest neighbour matching and kernel-based matching are 9.8% and 21.6% higher, respectively, than the gaps measured by the decomposition technique. Thus, the matching procedure was successful in identifying a sizeable proportion of gender gaps that are unexplained due to discrimination between male and female farm workers.
EFFECT OF FARMER-HERDER CONFLICT ON FOOD SECURITY OF PASTORAL AND AGRO-PASTORAL HOUSEHOLDS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
(Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies & Management, 2023-09-01) SA SALAU, IF AYANDA, IA AFE, OM ADESINA, NB NOFIU
Inspired by the low food security status and vulnerability among pastoral and agro-pastoral households, we es mated pastoral-farmer conflict, determined food security status, appraised the outcome of pastoral- farmer conflict on food security and describe the survival game plans adopted by pastoral and agro-pastoral households to alleviate the effect of food insecurity in Kwara State, Nigeria. Purposive and random sampling methods were deployed to choose 120 respondents. The main tools of analysis are descrip ve sta s cs, food safety index and logis c regression. The study showed that 37.2.5% of respondents were food secure while 62.8% were food insecure. In addi on, pastoral-farmer conflict, age, herd size, migra on, distance to grazing area, and number of animals sold to alleviate the outcome of food insecurity were the important drivers of food security in the area. Moreover, selling of animals, embracing li ga on, being industrious, herders’ experience, agro-pastoralism, sa sfying other par es and seeking for supports from friends, rela ves and government are the most effec ve survival game plans adopted by households. In view of the foregoing, government must encourage ranching and adop on of Rural Grazing Area (RUGA) to mi gate pastoral-farmer conflict. Schemes and game plans designed at increasing herd size should be supported.
Effects of Conflict between Pastoralist and Crop Farming Communities on Households’ Food Security in Kwara State, Nigeria
(2020-12-09) Shehu Abdulganiyu Salau, Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda, Isac Ade Afe, Nofiu Babatunde Nofiu
Pastoralists-farmers’ conflicts in Nigeria have grown, spread and intensified over the past decade and today pose a threat to national survival. Thus, this study measured food security status, assessed the effect of pastoralist-crop farmers’ conflict on food security and described the coping strategies employed by the respondents to reduce the effects of the conflict. Proportional sampling method was used to select a sample of 200 farming households. The analytical tools include descriptive statistics, logistic regression and food security index. The study indicated that 54.5% and 45.5% of the respondents were food secure and food insecure, respectively. Furthermore, pastoralist-crop farmers’ conflict, household size, sex, farm distance and access to co-operatives were the significant factors driving to food security in the area. Moreover, farmers generally used a combination of strategies to manage conflict. The ‘use of job experience, hard-working, early cropping, appease other party and seeking for help from relatives, village leaders and governments were some of the effective coping strategies used by the respondents to reduce the effects of conflict. Consequently, ranching and use of Rural Grazing Area (RUGA) settlement be encouraged by the government to reduce the effect of the conflict. Policies and strategies aimed at reducing the household size and enhancing cooperative formation should be pursued.
Effects Of Special Rice Project On Rice Production In Kwara State, Nigeria
(Global journal of agricultural research, 2013) IF Ayanda, JA Akangbe, BA Achem, JO Animashaun
he perception of climate change as a hazard will influence people’s response to it. This study examined farmers’ perception of temperature and rainfall between 1980 and 2009, and how age, sex, education and household size correlated with climate change perception. Simple random sampling with proportionate representation was used to determine sample size (411) from a sampling frame of 6000 farmers. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection and this was supplemented with interview of key informants. Temperature and rainfall records of Makurdi Meteorological Station were used as proxy for the study area. Data were analysed using regression and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Results showed an increasing trend in temperature and rainfall amount, rainfall unpredictability, corroborated by majority of the farmers’ perception. Bush burning, tree cutting and sinful behaviour were ranked as leading causes of climate change. Sex was significantly related to climate change perception and adaptation. Age, sex education and household size had significant impacts on the farmers’ perception of climate change effect on social, biological and eco-system functions. In conclusion, rural farmer s correctly perceived the changes in the climate. It was recommended that demographic attributes of farmers and farming communities should be incorporated into climate change awareness and adaptation policies.
EFFECTS OF THE SPECIAL RICE PROJECT ON QUALITY OF INPUTS USED FOR RICE PRODUCTION IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
(Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts, 2011) IF AYANDA, JO AKANGBE, EO FAKOYA, BG ABIONA
The study was carried out in Edu and Patigi Local Government Areas of Kwara State. Through a two stage random sampling technique, 70 participants in Special Rice Project (SRP) were selected from 6 circles in Patigi Local Government Area (LGA) and another 32 participants were similarly selected from 3 extension circles in Edu LGA, making a total of 102 respondents. Data collected by means of interview schedule were subjected to descriptive, t-test and Pearson Correlation Statistics. The result of the study indicated that 86.7%, 91.3%, 90.3% of the participating farmers in SRP rated seed, her- bicide and fertilizer respectively, provided by SRP, to be of very good quality while 19.6%, 49% and 58.8% of them rated seed, herbicide and fertilizer used before they joined SRP to be of very good quality. Furthermore, the highest proportion of participants 90 (88.3%) produced 3 - 4 tonnes of paddy rice per hectare as opposed to 19 .6% of them who were able to produce 3-4 tonnes before SRP was implemented. Participants also recorded an average annual income of N338,700.00 (US$2,419.29) / annum, that is, US$6.63/day, as against N129,410.00 (US$9,24.4)/annum earned by them before SRP was implemented. Thus, participants earned about US$6.63/day, which is higher than poverty income level of US$2/day. The result of the t-test analysis indicated that a significant difference exists between the rice yield of participants before and after the introduction of SRP (t=4.537, p≤0.05). Also Pearson Correlation analysis shows positive, linear and significant relationship between quality of farm inputs used and yield of rice (r = 0.562, p≤ 0.05). Based on the evidence from the study, Special Rice Project has the potential to serve as a good channel of accessing quality farm inputs, increase farm yield and income of farmers and contribute to Millennium Development Goal of reducing poverty level by 2015. It is, therefore, recommended that the activities of SRP are expanded to reach all categories of farmers in the country

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