Faculty of Allied Health Sciences

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DUMPSITES METAL LOADS AND ECOLOGICAL RISK IN SELECTED COMMUNITIES IN KWARA AND EKITI STATES, NIGERIA
(medRxiv, 2022-12-27) T.T. Abolayo; H.O. Sawyerr; R.O Yusuf; T.S.Ajai; A.T. Towolawi
This study compared the presence of selected heavy metals in Gbagede dumpsite (GD) and Ilokun dumpsite (ID) dumpsite in Kwara and Ekiti State with the host communities Gbagede community (GC) and Ilokun community (IC). Ten soil samples were collected randomly at 10 cm depth, digested and analyzed for Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Zink (Zn) and iron (Fe) respectively. The results were compared with control and standard, and subjected to ecological risk indices: Enrichment factor (EF), Contamination factor (CF), and Index of geo-accumulation (Igeo). Metal concentrations were higher (p < 0.05 except Cu) than the control; ranged from 41.2 times (Mn in GD) to 7.08 times (Zn in ID), GD had highest metals except Cu. Metal concentrations at ID > IC (except Cu) and GD> GC. The standard Cu at GD and GC. The EF was significant (5≤EF<20) for Zn at GD and ID, and for Mn except at GD where there was a very high (20≤EF<40). Mn and Zn indicated high contamination (Cf≥6) at GD and ID while Cd and Fe indicated moderate contamination (1≤Cf<3) except at IC (Cf<1). Moderately polluted (1
An Appraisal of Knowledge of Pesticide Management Among Grains Traders in Major Commercial Markets in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria
(SEAHI PUBLICATIONS, 2020-10-21) Oguntade Adesola Saheed; Sawyerr Henry Olawale; Adiama Babatunde Yusuf; Dauda Kazeem Adesina; Ayinla Latifat Olajumoke
Pesticides provide protection to grains against destructive pests but its residues or metabolites has been linked to various health challenges. Its lipophilic nature and consumption of food with residue results into the accumulation of the residues beyond the level the body can handle which leads to gradual deterioration of health and eventual emergence of disease state. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of pesticide management by grains traders as well as the perception of the traders on pesticide usage in the study area. 120 Questionnaires were distributed to volunteered traders from three (3) majormarkets in Ilorin Kwara State with Mandate Market as reference category. All the questionnaires wererecovered (100%) and Statistical analysis was performed using Multinomial Logistics and Latent Class Analysis. From the result obtained through the statistical analysis , Oja Oba recorded a p-value of 0.03 while Ipata market has a p-value of 0.009 being less than that of the reference category (Mandate) at which indicated majority of grain traders at Major Market in Ilorin have knowledge of pest management. Majority of the respondents were also found to be persistence in their perception on pesticide usage.
An evaluation of the effect of graphene oxide on Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2018-12-21) Nafisat Omotayo; Onyanobi Abel-Anyebe; Oluwasogo Olalubi; Obaid Ullah; Shahlla Mir; Opeyemi Ojekunle; Adedamola Olatoregun; Judith Anglin; Ayodotun Sodipe
Antimycotic and phytochemical screening of the fruit pulp extract of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) on Can-dida albicans
(JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS., 2016-03-13) MAJEKODUNMI RACHEAL ADEDAYO; SHOLA KOLA BABATUNDE; ADEYINKA ELIZABETH AJIBOYE; LATEEF MODUPE HABEEB
Objective: To determine the antimycotic potency of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of the fruit pulp of Tamarindus indica on human pathogenic Candida al-bicans. Methods: The disk diffusion method was employed to check for the antimycotic potency of extracts while qualitative and quantitative analysis of some phyto-chemical constituents was carried out following stand-ard methods. Results: The fruit pulp extracts were effective against the organism at 475 and 485 mg/ml in the aqueous and ethanolic extract respectively. The same concentration served as the Minimum Inhibitory and Minimum Fun-gicidal Concentration (MIC and MCC) in both extracts. The extracts were also subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis. Alkaloids, tan-nins and reducing sugars were found in the ethanol ex-tract while in the aqueous extract glycosides, saponins and reducing sugars were discovered to be present. Conclusions: The study indicated that aqueous and eth-anolic extracts of the fruit pulp of T. indica can be a potential source of antimycotic agent to combat the challenge of the emergence of drug-resistance in Can-dida albicans and the need to produce more effective antimicrobial agents.
Assessment of Constraints to the Implementation of International Health Regulation at the Point of Entry in Lagos Nigeria
(Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 2024-10-17) Solomon Olayinka Adewoye; Yusuf Adiama; Opasola Olaniyi Afolabi; Adebayo, Buliyaminu Amoo
The effective implementation of International Health Regulations (IHR) at points of entry is crucial for safeguarding public health and preventing the spread of infectious diseases across borders. However, the process faces significant constraints that hinder its success. This study aims to assess the key constraints impeding the successful implementation of IHR at various points of entry in Lagos, Nigeria, specifically at the Murtala Muhammed International Airport, Seme Land Border, and the Lagos Sea Port. A descriptive correlational research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to customs officials, immigration officers, health professionals, and other relevant stakeholders. The study revealed that factors such as inadequate knowledge among personnel, insufficient resources, and limited interagency collaboration are major barriers to effective IHR implementation. The analysis showed a significant relationship between years of experience and knowledge of IHR implementation, highlighting the importance of continuous training and capacity building. Additionally, challenges related to resource availability, including insufficient equipment, lack of personnel, and inadequate facilities, were found to critically affect the implementation process. Despite the majority of respondents indicating adequate physical facilities, a substantial funding gap was identified, underscoring the need for improved financial support to enhance IHR enforcement. The study recommends that addressing these constraints through targeted interventions, including enhanced training programs, better resource allocation, and stronger interagency coordination, is essential for strengthening health security at points of entry in Lagos. The study emphasizes the critical role of sustained investment in infrastructure, training, and interagency collaboration to achieve the full potential of IHR in protecting public health.
Assessment of Impact of National Home Grown School Feeding Programme on The Academic Performance Of Pupils In Selected Primary Schools, Orire Local Government, Oyo State.
(IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT), 2020-06-12) Mubarakat Iyabode Alabede; Henry Olawale Sawyerr; Mercy Itunu Ogunruku; Adiama Babatunde Yusuf
Background: Hunger during school may prevent children from benefiting from education. Although many countries have implemented school feeding programs, school-feeding programs are popular development assistance programs in both developed and developing countries, but have previously had few sound, empirical assessment and analyses of their effectiveness on academic performance in most developing countries like Nigeria. The study assessed the National Home Grown School Feeding Programme of primary school pupils in Oyo State, Nigeria. It was done with a view to determine its impacts on academic achievement of the pupils as well as the impact of the programme on the attendance of pupils and learning environment of the selected schools, the study also elicit the limitations of the programme in implementation. Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive research design and obtained data through a structured questionnaire and checklist administered in 30 randomly selected schools in Orire Local Government of Oyo state. The retrieved data were analyzed using a descriptive statistics, chi-square. Results: The results showed that 10% out of the 88 students that were Poor academically before the pogramme 10.2% remained Poor, 9.1% moved to Below Average while 42% moved to Good in their academic also, out of the 30 pupils that were below average before the school feeding programme started 6.7% dropped to Poor,13.3% remained in the level of Below Average, 30% moved to Average, 23.3% improved in their academic to Good and 16.7% excellent. Also ,in the result showing the effect of the programme on attendance, 508 pupils were regular before and 93.7% f the regular ones remained regular and out of the 242% that were irregular before the programme 88.8% of them became regular. Conclusion: Generally, the research reveals that the school feeding programme has more impact on attendance than on academic achievement of pupils.
Assessment of Mother’s Knowledge and Attitude towards Malaria Management among Under Five (5) Years Children in Okemesi–Ekiti, Ekiti–West Local Government, Ekiti State
(Malaria Control & Elimination, 2016-04-18) Oluwasogo AO; Henry OS; Abdulrasheed AA; Olawumi TA; Olabisi EY
Background: Malaria remains a major global public health and development challenge especially in tropical Africa. Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest form of the malaria parasite, is responsible for the vast majority of the mortality and morbidity associated with malaria infection. This study therefore, aims to evaluate the caregiver’s knowledge, attitude and practice regarding malaria and treatment of children below five (5) years in the rural community. Methods: A community-based cross sectional survey was conducted in different households among mothers’ with children below five (5) years of age selected by systematic random sampling. In total, 50 respondents were interviewed in the rural community using a semi-structured, paper-based questionnaire designed to capture information on socio-demographic characteristics, active knowledge, treatment seeking behaviour of caregivers/ parents, types of treatment employed by the care-givers and personal protective measures against Malaria. Results: Most respondents correctly associated malaria with infected female anopheles mosquito bites (99.7%) and reported that they will seek treatment within 24 hours of noticing the first symptoms of malaria. Although the respondents were unaware of the susceptibility of children to malaria parasite, thirty seven percent (37%) preferred to use herbs while (17%) will take children to the clinic/dispensary for treatment. Caregivers also make use of artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT) (7%), analgesics (5%), antibiotics (5%) but majority of the respondents use self-prescribed palliative drug combinations/over-the-counter drugs (40%) in treating malaria. They were also aware of preventive measures against malaria such as insecticide treated bed-nets (28%), but there was low ownership and usage of the bed nets among respondents as only 19% of them have access to bed nets. Other preventive measures include spraying with insecticide (29%), wearing long sleeved clothes (29%), and draining of stagnant water (13%). Conclusion: There was dearth of information percolating to mothers most especially on current trends in management, control and prevention of acute uncomplicated malaria in the endemic rural community. Provision of affordable healthcare facilities by government and improved patronage coupled with sound integration of health information and education policy would enhance and promote change of attitude, behaviour and practice will help in combating malaria in the rural endemic settings.
Assessment of occupational risks of waste scavenging in Ilorin metropolis
(AfricArXiv, 2023-08-17) Yusuf Olanrewaju Raufu; Adewoye Solomon Olayinka; Morufu Olalekan Raimi; Sawyerr Henry Olawale; Oladimeji Lateefah Olabisi
Background: Economic situations in the third world nations had made waste scavenging a means of sustenance for millions of youth and women. Poor source segregation of wastes in developing countries has increased the potential for exposure to infections and other occupational hazards. Objectives: This study addressed issues relating to the potential occupational risks among scavengers in Ilorin metropolis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the scavengers working on wastes dumpsite in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State and 109 respondents were administered with questionnaires. The data was analysed using statistical package for social science for descriptive and inferential (t-test) at 5% level of significance. Results: Scavenging was found to be male dominated venture with over 90 percent respondents being of male gender and most respondents are in their prime as they are mostly between ages 21 – 30years and usage of PPE among scavengers was found to be very low. Most scavengers had not undergone any training prior to commencement of the job and prevalent diseases among them are fever, diarrhoea, cough and skin diseases with fever having highest occurrence. Conclusions: Regular trainings on occupational safety for scavengers, enforcement of personal hygiene practices, proper monitoring by regulatory agency and inclusion of scavengers in mandatory health insurance scheme will help to improve health status of scavengers.
Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Abbatoir Effluent on Oko Oba River in Agege, Lagos Nigeria.
(International Journal of Innovative Environmental Studies Research, 2024-12-23) Agboola, O. E. and Opasola O.A , Tella, R.A and Sakariyau, A.O
Activities of Abattoir and its impact on the ecosystem has been an issue of major concern. This study delves into the assessment of physicochemical properties within Oko-Oba River in Agege, Lagos, Nigeria, with a specific focus on the potential influence of abattoir effluent on the quality of Oko-Oba River in Agege. The study involved the collection of water samples from strategic locations along the river, including the Point of Discharge (POD) of the abattoir and stream sites. An array of physicochemical parameters were analyzed, encompassing temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total hardness, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Study’s findings unveiled discernible variations in physicochemical parameters in Oko-Oba River. The Point of Discharge (POD) from the abattoir exhibited higher turbidity and lower dissolved oxygen, signifying potential pollution sources and environmental stress. The study found that Abattoir effluent have significant impact on the Oko-Oba River (R = 0.999). In order to mitigate the detrimental impacts of abattoir effluent on Oko-Oba River, recommendations include the implementation of efficient wastewater treatment systems, regular monitoring, community awareness campaigns, adoption of sustainable technologies, collaborative efforts among stakeholders, further research initiatives, and legislative reforms.
Assessment of selected heavy metals concentration in twenty standard hotels in Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna state, Nigeria
(Innovative Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022-03-02) Habeeb Modupe Lateefat; Sawyerr Olawale Henry; Opasola Afolabi Olaniyi
The rise in contamination of raw foods by heavy metals has become an unavoidable problem nowadays. The episodes of accumulation of heavy metals in the biotic environment result from rapid increase in industrial activities, advancement in agricultural methods, or the activities of humans in the urban settings. These activities have prompted metal distribution in the environment and, subsequently, resulting to impairment in health of the populace by the ingestion of food contaminated by harmful metals components. The aim of this study was to assess the heavy metals concentrations and characterize the heavy metals found in raw food samples collected from selected standard hotels in Kaduna State and compare with the Food Agriculture and Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines so as to assess the potential health hazard. Twenty samples of rice and nine samples beans were obtained from 20 hotels within three-, four-, and five-star ratings with their purchase sources coded from hotel 1 to 20 for confidentiality. The powdered samples were digested with nitric acid. Extract from the digest was analyzed for Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) using Buck Scientific AAS. The results of this research indicated levels of HMs were within safe limit, when compared with FAO/WHO standard and concentrations are significantly low, as the heavy metals are the same across the samples at P-value set at 0.05. The results of this study indicated presence of the heavy metals (Copper, Cadmium, and Lead) in the samples but they were at safe levels when compared with the WHO standard. Despite these, one should not neglect the fact that the two metals (Cd and Pb) accumulate in the body over time because of consumption frequency of beans and rice. Bioaccumulation rate can pose serious health risk to consumers. Implementation of hazard analysis critical control point for routine assessment of heavy metals in food products to help eliminate of not exceed global standard for food safety should be practice.
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals by Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish) in Asa River, Ilorin, Kwara State
(Pure Earth: Journal of Health and Pollution, 2019-03-22) Opasola, O.A, Adeolu, A.T, Iyanda, A.Y, Adewoye, S.O and Olawale, S.A
Background. Harmful wastes and other dangerous industrial by-products constitute major sources of environmental pollutants in Nigeria. Industrial pollutants discharged into the environment contain organic and inorganic pollutants in dissolved, suspended and insoluble forms. Fishes are known for their innate potential to bioaccumulate heavy metals in their muscles and various organs. Objectives. The present study aimed to assess the bioaccumulation status of heavy metals in selected organs and tissues of African catfish in Asa River, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Methods. Three sampling points (A (upstream), B (point of discharge) and C (downstream)) were selected in relation to industrial effluents that enter the river. African catfish were randomly harvested from each site using fishing nets at the three sampling points. The samples were digested and subjected to atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis. Statistical analysis of data was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare data among sites and organs. Results. The present study found that the bioaccumulation level of heavy metals in selected organs and tissues of African catfish in Asa River, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria was very high and the level of accumulation of heavy metals increased downstream. Accumulations were much higher during the dry season (especially in the month of February) and relatively low during the peak of the rainy season. Conclusions. Heavy metals at elevated levels in the aquatic environment can accumulate in fish tissues and organ, and therefore fish from the Asa River are not fit for human consumption.
Can Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Occur In Automated Teller Machines In Ilorin Metropolis?
(SEAHI PUBLICATIONS: International Journal of Innovative Biochemistry & Microbiology Research, 2017-12-23) Opasola O.A; Iyanda Y.A.; Sawyerr H.O; Adewoye S.O; AbdulRahman H; Dauda K. A. and Onifade I. A.
The rise of multiple resistance bacteria among the pathogenic bacterial community is becoming a serious threat to public health most especially those contaminating environmental surfaces like the surface of Automated Teller Machine (ATM). This study was carried out in other to evaluate the prevalence of microbial contamination with its antibiotic resistance on automated teller machine and to elucidate its implications on the users of ATM. Twelve samples were collected from different ATM centers including the ATM at Kwara State General Hospital, Al-Hiqma University and the only ATM located around the busy part of Garin Alimi along Asa dam, Ilorin. Based on standard microbiological methods, the distribution of these organisms shows that 28.6% of the isolated organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11.9% were Proteus vulgaris, 38.1% were Morganella morgani, 19.0% were Klebsiella edwardsii, and 2.4% were Proteus mirabilis. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all the isolated organisms (100%) were resistance to septrin and 80% of all the organisms were resistance to chloramphenicol, amoxacillin, augmentin and Pefloxacin. From this study, it can be concluded that there is heavy bacterial contamination of ATM surfaces with bacteria that are resistant to commonly used antibiotics in human medicine, therefore, there is urgent need for frequent disinfection of ATM machines and its accessories along with periodical microbiological surveillance.
Can Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Occur In Automated Teller Machines In Ilorin Metropolis?
(2017) Opasola O.A; Iyanda Y.A.; Sawyerr H.O; Adewoye S.O; AbdulRahman H; Dauda K. A. & 2Onifade I. A.
The rise of multiple resistance bacteria among the pathogenic bacterial community is becoming a serious threat to public health most especially those contaminating environmental surfaces like the surface of Automated Teller Machine (ATM). This study was carried out in other to evaluate the prevalence of microbial contamination with its antibiotic resistance on automated teller machine and to elucidate its implications on the users of ATM. Twelve samples were collected from different ATM centers including the ATM at Kwara State General Hospital, Al-Hiqma University and the only ATM located around the busy part of Garin Alimi along Asa dam, Ilorin. Based on standard microbiological methods, the distribution of these organisms shows that 28.6% of the isolated organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11.9% were Proteus vulgaris, 38.1% were Morganella morgani, 19.0% were Klebsiella edwardsii, and 2.4% were Proteus mirabilis. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all the isolated organisms (100%) were resistance to septrin and 80% of all the organisms were resistance to chloramphenicol, amoxacillin, augmentin and Pefloxacin. From this study, it can be concluded that there is heavy bacterial contamination of ATM surfaces with bacteria that are resistant to commonly used antibiotics in human medicine, therefore, there is urgent need for frequent disinfection of ATM machines and its accessories along with periodical microbiological surveillance.
Challenges of Waste Disposal and Management in Peri-Urban Location around Ilorin Metropolis North Central Nigeria
(American Journal of Environment Studies, 2024) Kolawole Adebayo; Modupe Lateefat; Maryam Abimbola; Abigeal Abosede; Olaniyi Afolabi; Modupe Olabisi
Purpose: The research aimed to investigate the challenges associated with waste disposal and management in Eyenkorin, a peri-urban neighborhood in Kwara State. Materials and Methods: The study adopted cross-section survey research. The study involved sampling 250 respondents within Eyenkorin using a questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. Demographic information such as gender, marital status, and age was recorded, alongside data on waste storage methods, disposal practices, frequency of disposal, and average weekly waste generation. The data was presented in tables. Findings: The findings revealed that a majority of the respondents were male, married, and aged between 41-60 years. Plastic baskets were identified as the primary means of waste storage, with burning being the preferred method of waste disposal. Waste was disposed of every fortnight, with an average weekly waste generation of less than 5 kg. The implications of improper waste disposal included the creation of breeding spaces for germs and pollution. Furthermore, the study identified nonchalance by residents, poor policy frameworks, and a lack of technical know-how as the major challenges of waste management in Eyenkorin. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: In conclusion, the research highlighted the inadequacy of waste management services and facilities in Eyenkorin, despite its status as a fast-growing peri-urban area. The increasing physical development of the neighborhood necessitates a proportional enhancement of waste management infrastructure. This suggests a disparity between current waste management practices and the evolving needs of the community, underscoring the urgency for policy interventions and technical support to improve waste management in peri-urban regions like Eyenkorin.
City densification and temporal dynamics of traditional inner core of Ibadan, Nigeria
(Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 2023) Bamiji Michael Adeleye; Ayobami Abayomi Popoola; Zitta Nanpon; Kolawole Adebayo Shittu; Funke Jiyah; Hangwelani Magidimisha-Chipungu
The conversion of vegetation land cover contributes to the retention of solar radiation in the environment, resulting in the formation of the urban heat island. This study analyses the distribution pattern of urban heat island in the traditional core of Ibadan amidst the rapid urbanization experienced. The remote sensing tool was used to analyse the trend of land surface temperature, normalized difference built-up index, and normalized difference vegetation index for the traditional Ibadan's core between the year 2000 and the year 2020. This reveals that increasing built-up areas will continue to strengthen the effects of urban heat island in the traditional core of Ibadan, while vegetated land covers will weaken the effects of urban heat island. This is because anthropogenic activities resulting from rapid urbanisation has adversely altered the natural landscape in the traditional core of Ibadan. This alteration manifests in converting vegetation land covers into physical developments and other impervious surfaces by the increasing urban population. Thus, increasing the land surface temperature. The maximum average land surface temperature of 35.34℃, 36.62℃ and 31.86℃ were record for the years 2000, 2013 and 2020 respectively. This study further recommends that urban greening and proper urban planning should be encouraged in the traditional core of Ibadan.
Community-Based Strategies to Improve Primary Health Care (PHC) Services in Developing Countries. Case Study of Nigeria
(Scient Open Access Journal, 2020-02-06) Oluwasogo A. OLALUBI; Ibrahim Sebutu BELLO
Primary Health Care (PHC) still remains the minimum package of healthcare that should be provided to every individual and community across Nigeria Health System. The aim is to improve relatively the health status of the nation ensuring provision of healthcare services to people in the rural area which is indicated by reduced mortality and morbidity and improved survival rates in such communities. However, the situation of health status in Nigeria has not yet attained the desired level. Data shows that as at 2015, the country recorded 814 maternal deaths / 100,000 live births which put her in the same category with the poorest countries in the world such as Chad, Niger and Somalia among others. Furthermore, Nigeria’s health profile reveals that 2,300 under-five children and 145 women of childbearing age die every single day. Moreover, malaria, pneumonia, diarrhoea and other preventable infectious diseases still remain the major causes of under-five deaths in Nigeria. In view of these problems faced by PHC in the country, there is an urgent need for ‘‘one health’’ approach integrating the principal stakeholders, current Minister of Health, state commissioners for health, all 774 Local Government chairmen as well as the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria (NPMCN) to revisit manpower need of PHCs and secondary healthcare facilities. There is also the need for policies restructure, leadership and running of these PHC institutions. Promoting health and prolonging life requires prompt detection and effective management of common communicable and non-communicable diseases cases which can only be achieved through a robust primary healthcare facility. A national health insurance system that provides cover for the vulnerable special groups, aged, the young adolescents, school children, as well as pregnant mothers is a necessity towards reducing inequality in access to basic primary healthcare. This will reduce dependence on out of pocket spending and improve access to healthcare services.
Community-Based Strategies to Improve Primary Health Care (PHC) Services in Developing Countries. Case Study of Nigeria
(Scient Open Access Journal: Journal of Primary Health Care and General Practice, 2020-02-06) Oluwasogo A. OLALUBI; Ibrahim Sebutu BELLO
Primary Health Care (PHC) remains the minimum package of healthcare that should be provided to every individual and community across Nigeria's Health System. The aim is to improve relatively the health status of the nation by ensuring the provision of healthcare services to people in rural areas which is indicated by reduced mortality and morbidity and improved survival rates in such communities. However, the situation of health status in Nigeria has not yet attained the desired level. Data shows that as of 2015, the country recorded 814 maternal deaths / 100,000 live births which put her in the same category as the poorest countries in the world such as Chad, Niger and Somalia among others. Furthermore, Nigeria’s health profile reveals that 2,300 under-five children and 145 women of childbearing age die every single day. Moreover, malaria, pneumonia, diarrhoea and other preventable infectious diseases remain the major causes of under-five deaths in Nigeria. Given these problems faced by PHC in the country, there is an urgent need for ‘‘one health’’ approach integrating the principal stakeholders, the current Minister of Health, state commissioners for health, all 774 Local Government chairmen as well as the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria (NPMCN) to revisit manpower need of PHCs and secondary healthcare facilities. There is also the need for policies for restructuring, leadership and running of these PHC institutions. Promoting health and prolonging life requires prompt detection and effective management of common communicable and non-communicable diseases cases which can only be achieved through a robust primary healthcare facility. A national health insurance system that provides cover for vulnerable special groups, aged, young adolescents, school children, as well as pregnant mothers is a necessity towards reducing inequality in access to basic primary healthcare. This will reduce dependence on out-of-pocket spending and improve access to healthcare services.
Comparative Assessment of Seasonal Variations in the Quality of Surface Water and Its Associated Health Hazards in Gold Mining Areas of Osun State, South-West Nigeria
(LIDSEN Publishing Inc., 2023-01-23) Awogbami Stephen Olalekan; Solomon Olayinka Adewoye; Sawyerr Olawale Henry; Morufu Olalekan Raimi
Industrial and urban development are contributing to an increase in global environmental degradation. Therefore, the release of heavy metals from mining-related operations into surface water is harmful to human health. But as anthropogenic influences on the environment grow, surface water characteristics are also alter, impacting aquatic creatures. In order to analyze the acceptability of the surface water in the gold mining area for drinking and irrigation uses, different quality water assessment methodologies were incorporated in this research. In light of this, the purpose of the current study is to comprehend how the hydrogeochemistry and appropriateness of surface water for drinking and irrigation vary every month. The study employed standardized analytical techniques. According to APHA recommendations, all sampling, conservation, transportation, and analysis were completed (2012). All collected samples were transported to the study lab while being kept in an icebox to prevent the degradation of the organic components. As a result, the study is focused on the contamination level in the surface water for a year. Overall, the study highlights important pollutants impacting surface water quality as it passes through Osun State's gold mining regions. Finally, it has been determined that the following criteria are crucial for the stretch of this research season: DO, Hardness, Turbidity, Chloride, Potassium, Nitrate, Lead, TSS, Cadmium, Chromium, Sulphate, Manganese, Mercury, and Arsenic. Most of the physicochemical variables examined in this study fell within their corresponding standard limits. Based on the results of this study, the appropriate constituted authority is encouraged to continuously monitor and assess surface water quality suitability for drinking, domestic, and irrigation purposes by keeping track of the effects of water contaminants and detecting any changes in the water quality. To safeguard and maintain groundwater quality and public health, it is advised that appropriate regulatory policies and water treatment procedures be employed in the area. Additionally, it is proposed that when enhancing water quality and investigating the sustainable use of water resources, surface water pollution should be taken into consideration.
Concentrations of Pesticides Residues in Grain Sold at Selected Markets of Southwest Nigeria
(Visagaa Publishing House, 2023-07-29) Modupe Abeke Oshatunberu; Adebayo Oladimeji; Sawyerr Olawale Henry; Opasola Afolabi Olaniyan; Morufu Olalekan Raimi
ABSTRACT: The objective of this work is to determine the concentration of the identified pesticide in grains commonly used by farmers, and which are available directly from the open markets in the Nigerian market. Pesticide residues were quantified through a multiresidue method using a varian 3800/4000 Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS). The simultaneous measurement of four classes of pesticides by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) approach using sample preparation on QuEChERS-citrate, was developed and validated. The results frequently showed high specific contamination, which makes sense given the target market and dietary diversity in the area. This study found that grains purchased from particular markets in southwest Nigeria contained numerous pesticide residues. The MRLs set by the EU or FAO/WHO or both were surpassed by 17 out of the total 27 pesticides reported in this work in at least one grain, despite the fact that there were no published codex MRLs for some pesticide residues in some grains. These residues were classified among the four pesticides classes: carbamates, organophosphates, organochlorines, and pyrethroids. In actuality, 90% of the mainly banned organochlorine pesticides exceeded MRLs. Thus, this study revealed higher concentration levels of organo-chloride pesticides and organo-phosphate pesticides in grain samples drawn from selected markets in southwest Nigeria. Consumers seeking high-quality food in Nigeria should take note of these facts. Notwithstanding, the small number of samples with detectable residues suggests that there is a necessity to increase monitoring of pesticides in grains, educating farmers, and raising their awareness of the dangers associated with the unauthorized use of pesticides that are only allowed in agriculture and can damage the reputation of the sector as a whole.
Diversity and Abundance of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) Species Complex in some Selected Settlements in Ogbomoso Local Government Area of Oyo-State, Nigeria
(Malaria Contr Elimination MCE, an open access journal, 2016-06-30) Oluwasogo AO; Adeyemi MA; Gabriel S; Kabir OO; Owolabi AA; Henry OS
Background: It is part of efforts of every passionate government in Africa to reduce, if not eliminate morbidity and mortality due to malaria being transmitted by female anopheles mosquito. Part of this struggle is the malaria indicator survey annually conducted by the Federal Bureau of Statistics (FBS) in Nigeria. It therefore important to communicate community based investigation and communication of entomological data vital for malaria control using appropriate statistical tools. This study generally aims to investigate seasonal abundance of Anopheles mosquito species and their compositions in some selected human settlements. The specific objective is to determine which particular specie of such Anopheles mosquitoes are most abundant and which of the human settlements requires most intervention due to high prevalence of such Anopheles. Methods: Mosquito collection was made once per week indoor between 5:30hr to 7:00hr and 20:00hr to 22:00hr in rooms for twelve months using insecticide spray technique. Adult Mosquitoes from the knock down effect were collected and identified to species and species complex level using keys described by Gillett, Gillies and Coetzee. Two sample test of proportion was adopted to test for significant difference between species occurrence. The Friedman rank sum test was utilized to determine whether or not there exists a statistically detectable difference in abundance of the four species of anopheles mosquitoes in the seven study wards and whether the seven study ward significantly differ in their composition of the four species of anopheles complex. Results: At 5% significance level (α=0.05), the test revealed with p-values 0.0001 and 0.0005 that there is statistically detectable difference among median abundance of the four Anopheles species. An. gambiae s.l. had the highest median (3006) abundance, followed by An. arabiensis (834.5), An. rufipes (608) and An. funestus (471), respectively. However, Akata ward had the largest median composition (812) of the mosquito species followed by Lagbedu ward (786). Alapata ward rank third in terms of median abundance (739.5). Ibapon and Ilogbo wards had approximately the same median Anopheles composition of 714 out of the total of 35,974. Arowomole ward had the least median composition (698). However, most mosquito species (6822) was collected in October and the least (252) in February. Conclusion: Identifying human activities and practices that promote mosquito breeding by communities themselves, identifying and selecting culturally appropriate mosquito control techniques, and the initiation of actions aimed at controlling mosquito abundance are among community directed and self-reliant coping strategies envisaged. Among such includes Long-Lasting Insecticide Treated Bednets, (LLITNs) alongside with Indoor residual spray and most importantly the practice of Larval Source Management (LSM) (Larviciding) in the study areas.

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