Department of Economics

Permanent URI for this community

https://kwasuspace.kwasu.edu.ng/handle/123456789/87

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 108

A Correlational Analysis of UTME and Post-UTME Performances
(Algerian Scientific Journal Platform, 2022) Ololade Mistura Aromasodun
This study aimed to empirically shed light on the debate concerning the scrapping of post UTME as an entrance examination in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The study, therefore, examined whether there is a significant difference between UTME and post-UTME performances. Six tertiary institutions in Kwara State were selected for the study. A sample of 600 undergraduates was selected through simple random sampling across different departments in the institutions comprising 224 male and 349 female undergraduates, while 27 questionnaires were not returned. Data collected for the study were analysed using STATA 12.0 using correlation analysis and t-test. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between post-UTME and UTME. There is a low correlation coefficient (0.078) between UTME and post-UTME performance of the students. Based on the study of the findings of this study, the post-UTME examination should be retained as part of the admission process as it is significantly different from the UTME examination based on the t test conducted.
A Review of the economist’s approach to pollution and its control
(2019) Musa Ilias Biala
Pollution, being a social and environmental problem, has been a subject of inquiry by environmental economists. Environmental economists see pollution as an externality problem or a market failure, and have therefore investigated factors affecting pollution and its control. Consequently, they advocate the use economic instruments to control pollution. However, despite the widely acclaimed potency or effectiveness of economic instruments in the literature, their real-world application has not caught on, the situation which could be caused by the shortcomings associated with the application of economic instruments. This paper, therefore, critically reviews economic approach to pollution and its solutions, with a view to providing ways the associated shortcomings or problems could be overcome. The paper also conceptualizes and classifies pollution as well as externalities into different taxonomies. Examining the taxonomies will prove useful in designing policy measures to combat various types of pollution, for each type requires a unique policy measure. Failure to recognize the distinctions among the different types of pollution may lead to counterproductive policies. One of the factors found to be responsible for the weak application of the instruments in the real world is implementation costs. An option recommended for policymakers is to minimize those costs associated with implementing economic instruments by designing pollutant-specific policies, while other tractable problems should be tackled as recommended in this paper.
An applicability test of the use of deposit-refund system for managing water-sachet litter in Ilorin, Nigeria
(2018) Musa Ilias Biala; Omo Aregbeyen
AN ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC RELATIONS STRATEGIES AMONG SOY CHEESE AND COW CHEESE MARKETERS
(University of Mosul College of Agriculture and Forestry, 2025-03-31) Nofiu B. Nofiu; Shehu A. Salau; Emmanuel Adebayo; Taofeekat T. Nofiu; Kayode Ayantoye
Public relations (PR) in agricultural marketing are often neglected, causing inefficiency and turnover. This research aimed to assess the market structure, evaluate the marketing efficiency, and determine the influence of PR strategies on soy and cow cheese marketing in Kwara State, Nigeria. Data were collected through structured interviews with 234 respondents, selected via a two stage sampling technique. The analysis employed descriptive statistics, the Herfindahl index, marketing efficiency measurements, market margin calculations, and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that all respondents were female, with a mean age of 52 years. The soy and cow cheese marketers' Herfindahl Index values are 0.011 and 0.003, respectively. Coupled with marketing margins of 39.24% and 33.48%, indicated that soy cheese marketing was more profitable than cow cheese marketing in the region. Furthermore, the level of education, number of customers per cycle, and PR strategies were significant variables influencing the marketing margin of soy cheese marketers. Conversely, monthly income, number of customers, and PR strategies were critical factors affecting the marketing margin of cow cheese marketers. Based on these results, the study recommends that the government should encourage, educate, and raise awareness among marketers on the effective utilization of PR strategies to enhance marketing margins. Furthermore, to support their operations, policies that aim to give marketers access to direct and indirect financing facilities should be promoted.
Analysis of Trade Effects of Parallel Exchange Rate in Nigeria
(Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 2024) Oluwatosin Juliana Oyetayo; Felix Gbenga Olaifa; Ebenezer Adesoji Olubiyi
The study examines the potency of parallel exchange rates in the movement of international trade in Nigeria. The monetary authorities have embarked on various exchange rate regimes basically because the supply of foreign exchange is not enough to meet the demand. Consequently, a parallel market for exchange rates exists and has become a strong and functional market in the country. But the reason for managing foreign exchange and by extension, introducing various exchange rate regimes was to correct the balance of trade disequilibrium. Yet the balance of trade deteriorates, particularly that of non-oil trade balance. Does the parallel exchange rate contribute to this or does it ameliorate it?
Are the Determinants of Imports Similar Across Manufactured Products? Evidence from Nigeria
(Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2018-12) Ebenezer Adesoji Olubiyi; Felix Gbenga Olaifa; Rashidat Sumbola Akande
The study investigates the determinants of selected manufactured imports in Nigeria with a special focus on the role of domestic production. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) in the context of new trade theory was utilised with data coverage between 1985 and 2016. Results show that imports of various manufactured products are affected differently by some factors. In particular, domestic output of electrical & electronics have a significant and negative effect on own imports. However, there was no significant effect of domestic production of petroleum products on imports of the same goods. Also, the effect of domestic output of food & beverages on imports of same product is positive. Further, the sensitivity of imports to exchange rate changes differ across products, in some it have immediate effect while in some it delays for a year. In the same vein, while GDP is an important driver of imports of some products, it is unimportant for some. Also, it is only food & beverages imports that significantly respond to change in tariffs. The overall conclusion from this study is that drivers of import demand differ across products.
Are the Determinants of Imports Similar Across Manufactured Products? Evidence from Nigeria
(Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2018-12-08) Ebenezer Adesoji Olubiyi; Felix Olaifa; Rashidat Sumbola Akande2
The study investigates the determinants of selected manufactured imports in Nigeria with a special focus on the role of domestic production. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) in the context of new trade theory was utilised with data coverage between 1985 and 2016. Results show that imports of various manufactured products are affected differently by some factors. In particular, domestic output of electrical & electronics have a significant and negative effect on own imports. However, there was no significant effect of domestic production of petroleum products on imports of the same goods. Also, the effect of domestic output of food & beverages on imports of the same product is positive. Further, the sensitivity of imports to exchange rate changes differs across products, in some, it has an immediate effect while in some it delays for a year. In the same vein, while GDP is an important driver of imports of some products, it is unimportant for some. Also, it is only food & beverage imports that significantly respond to changes in tariffs. The overall conclusion from this study is that drivers of import demand differ across products.
Assessment of the Impact of Globalization on Economic Growth in Nigeria, 1988 - 2022
(Gusau Journal of Economics and Development Studies, 2023) Halimat Sadiat Ajayi; Sheriff Alade Bamidele; Felix Gbenga Olaifa; Mufutau Ayinla Abdul-Yakeen; Mubarak Tahir Abubakar
The idea that globalization is one of the most important drivers of economic growth has gained wide acceptance in recent times. The study empirically assesses the effects globalization on economic growth of Nigeria. Specifically, the study identifies how globalization affects the progress of the Nigeria economy.The study empirically investigates if there is a short-runand long run relationship between economic globalization and economic growth in Nigeria. The study examined the extent at which social and political globalization affect Nigeria economic growth.The study employed Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) models to examine the relationship between general globalization, economic globalization, social globalization, political globalization and economic growth in Nigeria. The study made use of annual data series dating from1988 to 2022 sourced from World Development Indicators (WDI), the database of World Bank and of Swiss Economic Institute data base. The study reveals that general globalization, economic globalization, social globalization and political globalization have a significant positive effect on economic growth in Nigeria.The study therefore recommends that, for Nigeria to catch high levels of growth levels, Nigeria should endeavor to improve on the institutional quality and good governance in Nigeria.When this is in place, further economic and social integration from foreign countries will be enhanced and economic development will be achieved. Also, Nigeria government should widen its market through either improved export of commodities and services as well as import of machines and production inputs.Further integration of the Nigerian economy with other economies through a productive capacity should be a focus of policy by the Nigerian government and policy markers. Keywords : Economic, social, political globalization , economic growth
BEYOND ENERGY: THE ROLE OF COLONIAL LEGACY IN THE EFFECT OF INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY ON RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN WEST AFRICA
(Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, 2024-12) Musa Ilias Biala; Ololade Mistura Aromasodun
A stable institutional framework and colonial legacy are essential for ensuring environmental quality and economic growth. However, recent studies have overlooked these critical factors despite their significance. This study, therefore, explored the impact of institutional quality on renewable energy consumption in West Africa from 1990 to 2023 with a novel incorporation of the influence of colonial legacy. Using data from the World Bank’s World Development Indicator, this study utilised the Pooled Mean Group technique. The study found that in the long run, GDP per capita, carbon dioxide emissions and urbanisation had a significant negative impact on renewable energy consumption whereas technology, institutional quality, and the interaction of institution with colonial legacy had a significant positive impact on renewable energy consumption. To achieve sustainable development, the study recommends that policy makers prioritise institutional stability while leveraging technological advancements to promote renewable energy production. Policymakers and international organisations should consider the unique historical and institutional context of West African countries while designing renewable energy policies and programmes. Keywords: Renewable energy, institutional quality, energy economics, colonial legacy. JEL Codes: Q42, D02, Q43, N40
Beyond energy: The role of colonial legacy in the effect of institutional quality on renewable energy consumption in West Africa
(2024) Musa Ilias Biala; Ololade Mistura Aromasodun
A stable institutional framework and colonial legacy are essential for ensuring environmental quality and economic growth. However, recent studies have overlooked these critical factors despite their significance. This study, therefore, explored the impact of institutional quality on renewable energy consumption in West Africa from 1990 to 2023 with a novel incorporation of the influence of colonial legacy. Using data from the World Bank’s World Development Indicator, this study utilised the Pooled Mean Group technique. The study found that in the long run, GDP per capita, carbon dioxide emissions and urbanisation had a significant negative impact on renewable energy consumption whereas technology, institutional quality, and the interaction of institution with colonial legacy had a significant positive impact on renewable energy consumption. The study concludes that technology, institutional quality and the interaction of institution with colonial legacy exert a positive effect on renewable energy consumption while GDP per capita, carbon dioxide emissions and urbanisation exert a negative effect on renewable energy consumption. Hence, to achieve sustainable development, the study recommends that policymakers prioritise institutional stability while leveraging technological advancements to promote renewable energy production. Policymakers and international organisations should consider the unique historical and institutional context of West African countries when designing renewable energy policies and programmes.
CAPABILITY INDEX OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SMALL SCALE SHEA INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF GHANA
(Department of Social Work and Community Development, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria, 2021-01-21) Fatai Akosile
There is proliferation of NGOs especially in the Northern Region of Ghana now regarded as the NGO capital of Ghana. This study therefore assessed the capabilities of NGOs operating in the Shea industry in the Northern Region of Ghana with respect to their internal management structures. The study is significant for community development as it highlights the importance of NGOs with required capabilities to reduce poverty among small scale Shea butter processors. The population of this study consists of all 30 NGOs registered with Shea Network Ghana and the census method was adopted because of the number. Questionnaire as the main instrument of the study was face and content validated by experts in community development and reliability tests were conducted using the Cronbach alpha formula. The study used mainly descriptive statistics such as the mean, range, and mode for data analysis. The study found the NGOs in the Shea industry in the Northern Region to have above average capability in terms of their human, physical, and financial resources. The study recommends inter alia that NGOs continue to recruit highly qualified personnel and maintain adequate quantity and quality physical resources to enable them contribute meaningfully to poverty reduction and community development in their areas of operations.
Cheese marketing amongst marketers in Kwara state, Nigeria: An economic analysis approach
(International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 2021-08-20) Taofeekat Temitope Sulaimon; Nofiu Babatunde Nofiu
This study assessed the economics of cheese marketing amongst marketers in Kwara State. Specifically, the study examined the costs and returns to cheese marketing, assessed the market efficiency of cheese marketing, determined the marketing margins, described the structure of the cheese market and determined the factors influencing net returns of cheese marketing among marketers in the study area. A three stage sampling technique was employed in the selection of 120 cheese marketers. Data were collected using an interview schedule. Descriptive statistics, marketing efficiency model, marketing margin, Herfindahl Index, and multiple regression analysis were employed. The study revealed a monthly gross margin of N107, 778 with a marketing efficiency of 184.9% which implied that the marketing activities were efficiently implemented. The Herfindahl index value of 0.012 revealed a modest and sparsely populated cheese market. The estimated average marketing margin was N58.3 per kg of cheese. N102, 038 was revealed as the net income on cheese marketing on monthly basis with rate of return on investment (RORI) of 0.59. Therefore, cheese marketing is feasible, lucrative and investment worthy. The purchase cost (p<0.05), spoilage cost (p<0.01), storage cost (p<0.01) and marketing margin (p<0.01) were the statistically significant variables determining the net returns to cheese marketing among marketers in the study area. The study recommended the improvement of storage facilities to reduce spoilage and increase efficiency which could attract more able-bodied youth to work and invest in the industry.
Corporate Board Structure and Human Capital Disclosure of Listed Firms in Nigeria
(FUOYE Journal of Accounting and Management., 2025-01-26) Shitu, Abdul Muftah; Lawal, Tajudeen; Lawal, LuKman Ojedele.; Yunusa, Mahommad
They say that humans are all-encompassing and are the driving force behind every business' success. Without employees, businesses would be unable to function and have no one with whom to interact. Although, there is an advancement in automated systems and artificial intelligence, human beings still continue to be the main drivers of innovation and production. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate how board structure affects the disclosure of human capital in Nigerian listed companies. Data were collected from forty-four listed non-financial services firms in Nigeria from 2013-2022. The study analysed the data by means of descriptive statistics to provide summary statistics for the variables. Similarly, the study adopted Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regressions to test the hypotheses. The results of the regression analysis showed that board gender diversity, board education, and the gender makeup of the audit committee all significantly influenced the disclosure of human capital. The result however showed that board nationality does not affect the disclosure of human capital of the firms. This study concludes that board structure improves human capital disclosure of listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. The study recommends that board of directors should be made to have more women and persons with knowledge in accounting, finance, economics and business management as part of the board of the firms in order to influence the decision to increase their human capital disclosure. Keywords: board education, board gender, board nationality, board structure, human capital disclosure.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND QUALITY OF FINANCIAL REPORTING BY BANKS IN NIGERIA
(2023-11-04) ADAM S.L, MUHAMMED I. A, OLUGANNA, E. T, ABDULKAREEM, H.K.K
Abstract The level of owners investment required to finance deposit money banks in Nigeria is getting astronomical by the day as the regulatory authorities believe that only a robust capital base can assist to ward off undue competition occasioned by the recent liberalisation of the industry. The high stake by owners and the excessive work load on executives in the industry always make stakeholders to demand that operational effort at all levels be close to perfection, with appropriate control mechanism to ensure compliance. This therefore necessitates some codes that will guide the relationship between owner’s representative and executives, to ensure a balanced corporate administration. This study examines the relationship between elements of good corporate governance and quality of financial reporting (measured as discretionary accruals) by deposit money banks in Nigeria. The major study objective is to determine whether or not the elements of good corporate governance actually reduce the vulnerability of financial institutions to the excesses of the managers. The study employs a Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) for a period of seven years (2012-2018). The study found that both board composition and audit committee size have negative impact on discretionary accruals, and positive impact on the quality of financial reporting. The study therefore, concluded that board composition can be used to achieve better financial reporting quality. It also recommends that the composition of board of directors be improved as well as the number of directors in the audit committee in order for them to perform their internal audit role more effectively. Keywords: corporate governance, deposit money banks, and financial reporting system
Corruption and state capacity in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross country analysis
(0217) Akande, Rashidat Sumbola
Corruption has been a major hindrance to the development of most African states. Corruption in governance can distort policymaking and therefore affect state capacity. The capacity of the state is divided into the extractive (fiscal capacity) and productive capacity (legal capacity). This study focused on the extractive capacity and did a cross-country regression analysis using panel data across the Sub-Saharan Africa region to explore the fixed and random effect specification of the variables. The result obtained indicated that corruption has a negative influence on the fiscal capacity (measured as tax revenue) of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper also showed that corruption alone might have no significant effect on tax revenue if governance is not included. This implies that good governance is a very important determinant of state capacity, and it is highly correlated with corruption. The result suggests that good governance which includes its key requirements of accountability, transparency, political stability, and rule of law, will improve the fiscal capacity of a state, as this will make corruption difficult to take root.
Creative Management and Creative Leadership
(FIFTYFIFTY INSTITUTE LTD, 2015-03-01) Lukman ADAM, Muritala AWODUN
ABSTRACT This chapter of the book examines the concept of creativity from an understanding that creativity has to be managed and championed through leadership. The chapter therefore narrow down the concept of creativity to the internal organization and how creative thinking within an organization could be managed and led. Creative leadership was explicitly defined along with creative management and attempts to differentiated the two from one another was made. Key words: creative people, creative leadership, creative management, internal organization, creative thinking, Creative Management and Creative Leadership
DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT IN NIGERIA
(Al-Hikmah Journal of Arts & Social Sciences Education, 2023-12) Yusuf Toyin Yusuf
Agriculture is seen as an important source of food for man and raw materials for agro-based industries. So as to provide bases for policies aimed at promoting agriculture, various empirical studies have been conducted with a view to identifying the determinants of agricultural production and output of the agricultural sector in Nigeria. But such studies still leave some gaps to be filled, including failure to test the the influence of government expenditure spent on agriculture (GEA) on the effect of agricultural capital stock on agricultural output. Data from the World Development Indicators, Food and Agriculture Organization and International Labour Organization were used for the estimation. The study aims to fill these gaps by adopting Cobb-Douglas production function, and we estimated two categories of equations. The study employed fully modified least squares (FMOLS) in estimating the agricultural output equations. The study found that government expenditure on agriculture (GEA), fertilizer consumption, financial development and trade openness has positive effect on agricultural output in Nigeria. Based on these findings, therefore, policy makers should target policies on inducing GEA, financial development and trade openness in order to achieve increase in agricultural output.
Determinants of FDI inflows to West Africa: Prospects for regional development and globalization
(BRICS JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 2022-05-22) Aromasodun, Ololade Mistura
This paper examines the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow into West Africa. FDI is regarded as the central engine for growth. Such inflows are not often satisfactory, both in terms of their volume and in terms of their sectoral distribution, particularly in developing countries. The study carried out a unit root test using the Im-Pesaran-shin (IPS) method, which revealed that four out of many variables were stationary at first difference, while other variables were stationary at level. Consequently, the Kao co-integration test methodology was used to analyze the long-run relationship. Thus, the regression analysis was carried out using the Panel ARDL method in an equation with a 50-year observation period. Concerning the remaining seven equations with shorter time series observations, the Pooled OLS estimation method was used to analyze the factors determining the inflow of FDI. The results indicate that financial development has a negative effect on FDI flows (and hence on globalization processes) in West Africa, while trade openness, institutional composite index and control of corruption have positive effects on FDI and hence increase globalization tendency. Based on these findings, the study recommends, among other things, that the authorities in West African countries vigorously pursue trade liberalization policy as an effort to globalize the region through FDI inflows. The study examined the macroeconomic determinants on FDI alongside institutional and socio-political determinants that are difficult to study in the case of West Africa as a region. The use of a composite institutional quality index, which combines multiple indicators of institutional quality, is another novelty of this research. Another unique contribution of the study is the use of the Africa Infrastructure Development Index (AIDI), which serves as a composite infrastructure index, as an explanatory variable.
Determinants of Intra Sub-Saharan African Trade: Evidence from ECOWAS and CENSAD countries
(Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2020) Felix Gbenga Olaifa; Sodiq O. Jimoh
This study investigates the determinants of intra-regional trade in the Economic of West African States (ECOWAS) and the Community of Sahel-Saharan Sates (CEN-SAD) over the period of 1995-2018.The study employs the modified Poisson models, which captures the source of zero counts. Data on the real exchange rate, population, and gross domestic product were sourced from World Bank Development Indicators. Import flow, time of import, and time of export were computed from WITS (COMTRADE). Further, the study obtained data on voice and account, law and order, government effect, regulatory quality, reduction in political violence, control of corruption from World Wide Governance indicator. The results of the study indicated that imports within ECOWAS are driven by one governance variable or the other either in the importing countries or the partner countries. Besides, trade facilitation is a binding constraint to imports, while population and GDP are important drivers of intra-ECOWAS trade. For CEN-SAD, it is evident that the gravity variables are responsible for imports, whereas governance variables have no significant effect on imports. The implication of these results is that authorities in ECOWAS and CEN-SAD should strengthen governance institutions as doing so will boost trade within the region. Also, it is necessary for government, particularly in CEN-SAD, to come up with policies that will allow for accountability and transparency.
Determinants of Susceptibility to Sunk-Cost Fallacy: A Nigerian Case Study
(Faculty of Economics, Commercial & Management Sciences Ziane Achour University of Djelfa, Algeria., 2022) Musa Ilias Biala
A general economic principle is that when evaluating the costs of a decision, sunk costs should not be considered, and the decision-maker should consider only those costs that are incurred as a result of making that decision. However, both anecdotal and empirical evidence has shown that when making decisions, people are influenced by sunk costs, thereby committing the sunk-cost fallacy. A corpus of research has established that this fallacy occurs among different nations and cultures to differing extents or degrees. However, none of the previous research was conducted on Nigerians. This study, therefore, investigates whether Nigerians, too, commit this fallacy and then identifies factors that affect Nigerians’ susceptibility to the fallacy. Employing a binary logit model, it was found that about 49 per cent of the respondents to questions based on a decision-making vignette committed the sunk-cost fallacy. The results also showed that locus of cost responsibility (whether the cost was borne by the decision maker or another person on behalf of the decision maker) and ethnicity (whether the decision maker is Yoruba or not) were significant determinants of susceptibility to sunk-cost fallacy. This suggests that in Nigeria, the sunk-cost fallacy is intrapersonal and more prevalent among the Yorubas than among the Hausas or the Igbos. Therefore, the sunk-cost fallacy is ubiquitous and more likely in personal decisions than decisions made on behalf of others.

Browse

Browsing Department of Economics by Title

Results Per Page

Sort Options