Department of Animal production,Fisheries and Aquaculture

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A Binary Logit Estimation of Factors Influencing Awareness about Grasscutter Farming among Rural and Sub-urban Households in Kwara State, Nigeria
(World Journal of Agricultural Research, 2017) Salau, S. A.; Yusuf, O. J.; Apata, D. F.; Adesina, O. M.
Hunting of grass cutter for food in Nigeria is unsustainable due to serious challenges posed to the ecosystems, adequate bush meat supply and human health. To enhance sustainable exploitation, grass cutter farming is desirable but large percentage of the population still lack awareness about grass cutter rearing. This study was aimed at investigating factors influencing awareness about grass cutter farming in Kwara state. A two–stage sampling technique was used to select 540 participants from rural and sub-urban households for the study. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the respondents had an average age of 46 years with an average family size of 7 persons. Majority (77%) of the respondents were males. The Nagelkerke R2, explained 80.9% of the total variation in awareness of households. The coefficient of age, gender, household size, education, and access to credit with the t-values of -2.333, 1.959, 2.000, 2.235 and 13.832 respectively were all found to be critical in explaining awareness among the sampled households. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that any intervention strategy on grass cutter farming by government and international development agencies should have a capacity-building component center on educating households about the management practices and livelihood merits of farm grass cutters. Increase awareness through media should be promoted and policies like loan schemes that would substantially improve households’ access to use and acquisition of credits should be encouraged
A preliminary study on nutrient digestibility by West African dwarf goats fed graded levels of shea nut (Vitellaria paradoxa) cake-based rations
(2016) Ogunbosoye, D. O; Tona, G. O.; Akinfemi, A.; Ajani, M. R.
Feed shortage which rises from seasonal feed deficits, erratic supply of feed ingredients with competition between humans and livestock for available feed resources, possesses a major constraint to goat production in Nigeria. This has led to low level of livestock productivity. In this regards, there is need to search for alternative but cheaper feedstuffs. Shea nut cake (SNC), an agro industrial waste product could be used as one of the economic strategy to ameliorate feed shortage. The current study was focused on the effect of dietary inclusion of Shea nut cake on nutrients digestibility of West African Dwarf goats using six (6) growing males WAD goats. Diets consist of 0%, 10% and 15% shea nut cake inclusion levels in combination with wheat offal, corn bran, cassava peel, cowpea husk, and the dietary treatments were designated as T1, T2, and T3 respectively. The experimental animals were allotted to three treatments in a completely randomized design with two animals per treatment. The animals were transferred into a wooden metabolic cage fitted with facilities to collect faeces which lasted for 14 days. Crude protein, ether extract, ash and neutral detergent fibre concentrations of the experimental diets were 9.18-11.37%, 2.03-2.79, 9.63- 12.11% and 30.69-48.51% respectively. The result obtained for average daily weight gain was higher (p<0.05) for T2 (64.29g) compared to T1 (35.72g) and T3 (35.72g) which were similar. The feed conversion ratio showed no significant (p<0.05) effect among T1 (14.32) and T3 (14.07) while T2 (8.00) is significantly higher. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed among treatment groups for nutrients digestibility. The goats placed under T2 (10%) recorded the highest digestibility coefficient for all the nutrients. However the crude protein, ether extract, ash and neutral detergent fibre digestibilities were between 45.76- 74.26%, 57.19-67.73%, 56.09-76.66% and 55.28-78.28% respectively. It was however observed that T2 (10%) SNC inclusion had the highest digestibility coefficient in all the nutrients by West African dwarf goats.
A. Genetic Relationship Between External and Internal Egg Quality Traits of Japanese Quails.
(Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 2025-10-08) A.O. Abdulraheem, J. O. Aremu, A. Mohammed, H. Allamin, M. M. Shettima, J. Aliyu, & A. O. Raji.
This work investigated genetic relationships between external and internal egg quality characteristic of Japanese quails reared at Livestock Teaching and Research Farm, Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri. Borno state. A total of 440 eggs produced by 110 quail hens, were used for egg quality traits analysis. Quails were grouped into young-laying (10 weeks old) and old-laying (20 weeks old). Variance and covariance components and genetic correlations were estimated using Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedures. The genetic correlations for egg quality traits of young- and old-laying were low to high (0.05 to 0.97, -0.01 to -0.74; 0.01 to 0.98, -0.02 to -0.83). The highest positive estimate (0.97) was recorded for yolk height and shell weight and least 0.05 between egg shape index and albumen length. Negative co-efficient was highest (-0.74) between albumen weight and shell ratio in young-laying group, indicating that shell ratio would have antagonistic effect on improvement of albumen weight. For old-laying quails, positive correlation was highest (0.98) for egg and albumen weight, implying that, heavy eggs would have large albumen. Highest negative correlation (-0.83) observed between shell and albumen ratio indicates that eggs with large albumen laid by old quail would possess delicate shell quality. Egg weight of young-laying group had positive correlations with all internal qualities except Haugh unit (-0.11) and albumen index (-0.40); and except Haugh unit (-0.09) and yolk index (-0.20) in old-laying. These findings suggest that egg weight can be used to improve internal egg qualities in laying quails.
Adsorptive Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds from Industrial Effluent Using Synthesized ZnO-CA Composite Base Adsorbent
(Turkish Chemical Society, 2024) Bamigboye Mercy Oluwaseyi; Ayinla Ibrahim Kuranga; Orimolade Benjamin; Mustapha Ayuba Olanrewaju; Ojo Olayinka Abosede; Jamiu Wasiu; Abdulganiy Aishat A.; Oba Hameeda Sinmiloluwa
Abstract: In this study, a composite adsorbent consisting of ZnO nanoparticles and cellulose acetate nanoparticles was prepared. The composite was extensively characterized through Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Brunnaeur Emmet Teller analysis (BET). Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the effects of concentration of adsorbate (10- 80 mL), dose of adsorbent (0.1 – 1 g), pH(3-13), contact or exposure time (30-180 minutes) and temperature(30 - 70℃) on the removal of benzene and toluene using the synthesized adsorbent. The pseudo-second-order model well described the kinetics of adsorption studied, and Langmuir's isotherm best described the isotherm modeling of the adsorption data. Thermodynamic studies revealed that all the adsorption processes are feasible, endothermic, and spontaneous. The prepared adsorbent is suitable for removing benzene and toluene from wastewater.
An electrophoretic study of protein diversity in five species of land snails (Achatinidae) from Nigeria
(2013) AWODIRAN M.O; AWOPETU J.I; ODEKANYIN O.O; Ogunbosoye, D. O
The protein profile of five species of achatinid snails (Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821), Achatina achatina (Linnaeus, 1758), Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822), Archachatina papyracea (Pfeiffer, 1845) and an unidentified snail species) from some parts of southern and north-central states of Nigeria was used to examine the level of genetic similarity between them and also to show whether the eight populations of Archachatina marginata studied contained sub-populations. Each of the species examined was found to have unique protein bands while the protein banding patterns of the eight populations of A. marginata showed six of the populations being taxonomically distinct because they had unique protein bands. The cluster analysis of the A. marginata samples produced two sub-species which showed geographical separation of the species. This may depict a relationship between total protein and ecological adaptation. However, there was better resolution of the protein band patterns using relative mobility of bands. The presence of common bands among the species and the eight populations of A. marginata may depict an evidence of evolutionary origin of the species studied.
Analysis of Genetic diversity, Polymorphism and Relationship between some Nigerian Muscovy Duck (Caraina Moshata) Populations using Mitochondrial Cytochrome b genes.
(University of Tlemcen, Algeria, 2024) Yusuf Opeyemi., Sola-Ojo Foluke, Adeola Adeniyi., Adesina Michael., Okeke Chukwubike
Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) are one of the poultry species that contributes significantly to protein consumption around the world as they complement eggs and meat supply from chicken in terms of availability and affordability, especially among the resource poor farmers in developing nations. In Nigeria, Muscovy duck is an integral part of poultry sector that needs more attention for higher productivity because of their adaptability and hardy nature. The genetic diversity, polymorphism and relationship between some Muscovy duck populations in Nigeria were analyzed using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Mt CYTB). The results showed a total of 40 polymorphic sites consisting of 19 singletons variables with 42 mutations. The 72 cytochrome b sequences obtained were assigned to 17 distinct haplotypes with low diversity (0.439) among the populations studied. Phylogenetic analysis showed close clustering of monophyletic clade within some populations across the locations with the exception of a few populations (BON 10, BON 20 and ADE 11) that show a distant relationship of polyphyletic clustering. These findings inferred that the genetic diversity within the Muscovy ducks from the study area is low, there were variants forms of specific DNA sequence, and only few populations of the Muscovy ducks are from more than one common ancestor concerning mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Therefore, selective mating of Nigerian Muscovy ducks and the use of other types of markers for diversity study are recommended for rapid genetic gain in any breeding program designed for their improvement.
Antioxidant Potentials of Parquetina nigrescens Leaf Extract Administration in Broiler Chicken Production
(Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2023) Adeyinka Oye Akintunde; Lois Chidinma Ndubuisi-Ogbonna; Ayomide Sobowale; Herman Enericheckor Irorevbo; Olayinka Abosede Ojo; Samson O. Oyewumi; Bolatito Adenike Shobo; Olufunso Emmanuel Akinboye; Elizabeth Oluwafunmiso Ngozi
This study looked into the grill chickens' Parquetina nigrescens leaf extract (PNLE) antioxidant capacity. Parquetina nigrescens leaves that were still fresh were collected from Ilishan-Remo in Ogun State, Nigeria. The experiment was carried out in the Babcock University Farmhouse's chicken department in Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. After gathering the leaves and combining them with 50g of the leaves in 1000ml of water, the extract was produced. A total of 200-day-old Ross broiler chicks were divided into five groups at random and given different amounts of PNLE in 500 millilitres of water (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 millilitres). The experiment lasted for 42 days. The design of the experiment was completely randomized design. Data was collected on performance, hematology, serum biochemical and antioxidant parameters, and temperature and humidity were monitored regularly. Data were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (p<0.05). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in performance characteristics. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in malonaldehyde with the 0ml PNLE group having the highest value (3.5U/L X 109). There was a significant difference in catalase and superoxide dismutase with the 0.4ml PNLE group having significantly highest (p<0.05) values. Glutathione peroxidase was considerably (p<0.05) impacted by PNLE administration. Total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase were not substantially (p>0.05) affected by PNLE delivery. The control group had considerably lower (p<0.05) values for alanine phosphatase and red blood cell counts, and significantly higher (p<0.05) values for creatinine. It is concluded that PNLE has good antioxidant potential thus improving the health status of broiler chickens. Antioxidants, Oxidative stress, Parquetina nigrescens, Ross broilers
Antioxidant Properties of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract on Semen Characteristics and Seminal Plasma Biochemistry of Cockerels Reared in a Semi-Humid Environment
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2017-08-08) Ojo,O. A.1 , Lawal, K. F.2
poses a major threat to the success of poultry farming as it causes reduced feed intake and weight gain among others. Commercial antioxidants are expensive and not readily available especially to small holder farmers, therefore there is an urgent need to source for a cheap, unconventional source of antioxidant to mitigate the adverse effect of heat stress. A total number of 45 cockerels were randomly distributed into 5 treatment groups, replicated 3 times with 3 cockerels per replicate under elevated summer temperature to investigate the effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaves extract (VALE) supplementation via drinking water on their reproductive characteristics which lasted for eight weeks. Parameters evaluated under semen qualitative analysis were: semen color, volume, concentration, motility, pH, live dead ratio, mass activity, morphology while under seminal biochemistry; lipid peroxidation (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (GPx and SOD) were evaluated. The results of proximate analysis revealed the presence of high crude protein (23.68%), moisture (6.68%), ash (8.90%), crude lipids (0.37%), crude fibre (7.32%), CHO (53.03%) and calorific value (1295.19KJ/mole).The result of phyto chemical screening revealed saponin (+++), tannin (+++), phenol (+++), flavonoid (++), alkaloid (++), steroid (++),glycoside (++) and anthraquinone (++). Results obtained from semen quality showed that the volume (0.62ml) and concentration (615 x 109) were higher in birds given 90mls of VALE, also the values of SOD was higher at 90mls (1069.19u/l) while that of GPx was lowest at T3(12.50u/l) and T5 (16.94u/l). In conclusion, VALE at 90mls can be used as a natural source of antioxidant. Further studies can be conducted using higher concentrations of VALE.
Antioxidant Properties of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract on Semen Characteristics and Seminal Plasma Biochemistry of Cockerels Reared in a Semi-Humid Environment
(Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) itself, 2015) Ojo,O. A; Lawal, K. F.
Rearing of birds is a major means of meeting the growing demand of animal protein in Nigeria and the world as a whole. Heat stress poses a major threat to the success of poultry farming as it causes reduced feed intake and weight gain among others. Commercial antioxidants are expensive and not readily available especially to small holder farmers, therefore there is an urgent need to source for a cheap, unconventional source of antioxidant to mitigate the adverse effect of heat stress. A total number of 45 cockerels were randomly distributed into 5 treatment groups, replicated 3 times with 3 cockerels per replicate under elevated summer temperature to investigate the effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaves extract (VALE) supplementation via drinking water on their reproductive characteristics which lasted for eight weeks. Parameters evaluated under semen qualitative analysis were: semen color, volume, concentration, motility, pH, live dead ratio, mass activity, morphology while under seminal biochemistry; lipid peroxidation (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (GPx and SOD) were evaluated. The results of proximate analysis revealed the presence of high crude protein (23.68%), moisture (6.68%), ash (8.90%), crude lipids (0.37%), crude fibre (7.32%), CHO (53.03%) and calorific value (1295.19KJ/mole).The result of phyto chemical screening revealed saponin (+++), tannin (+++), phenol (+++), flavonoid (++), alkaloid (++), steroid (++),glycoside (++) and anthraquinone (++). Results obtained from semen quality showed that the volume (0.62ml) and concentration (615 x 109 ) were higher in birds given 90mls of VALE, also the values of SOD was higher at 90mls (1069.19u/l) while that of GPx was lowest at T3 (12.50u/l) and T5 (16.94u/l). In conclusion, VALE at 90mls can be used as a natural source of antioxidant. Further studies can be conducted using higher concentrations of VALE
APPARENT HARM CAUSED BY DIETARY HIGH LEVELS OF VIRGIN Moringa oleifera SEEDS IN NUTRITION OF POULTRY
(International Journal of Moringa and Nutraceutical Research (IJMNR), 2014) Annongu, A.A., Joseph J.K.,Karim O.R.,Toye A.A.,Sola-Ojo, F.E.,Kayode R.M.O.,Badmos, A.H.A, and Aremu, J.O.
An evolution of full -fat moringa oleifera Seed Meal (FMOSM) was made by feeding including it in the diets to day- old chicks at varying levels, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 15.0%. Investigation was made on the response criteria of performance, serum chemistry and some haematological indices using a completely Randomized Design. The experimental period was 4- weeks.Dietary FMOSM depressed performance parameters at inclusion levels above 10% relative to the reference diet (p<0.05). The reverse of result on performance was observed on the biochemical indices of blood glucose, serum total protein and albumin levels which increased in values as the inclusion levels of the seed meal increased in diets up to 15% compared with the control diet (p<0.05). Inclusion of FMOSM in diets at higher levels however elevated the activities of the transminases, lactatate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase (p<0.05). The blood composition was significantly afected by dietary FMOSM, PCV, WBC, RBC Hb, platelet as well as MCV, MCH and MCHC were low relative to the control diet fed birds. The concentration of the metabolites, total and direct bilirubins in blood serum were significantly increased (p<0.05) in birds fed FMOSM -based diets. In summary, inclusion of FMOSM in its virgin state above 10% elicited deleterious effects on performance, haematology and caused aberrations in enzyme activities.
Application and Benefits of Dietary Nanoparticles in Aquaculture: A Review
(Nano Plus: Science and Technology of Nanomaterials, 2021-10-12) Omosanya, Toyeeb Adetunji; Yekeen, T.A.; Fawole, O.O.; Azeez, M.A; Lateef, A.
Fish nutrition is the single most important input in aquaculture production. It influences fish growth, quality, health, with subsequent increase in production and waste generation. Nanotechnology is an emerging concept with diverse applications including fish nutrition. It involves the use of nanoparticles within the scale of 1 – 100 nm. The physiological role of nanoparticles depends on their structural and functional characteristics. In aquaculture, nanotechnology techniques have been found efficient in water treatment, while nano-delivery system has been perceived as a safer and more efficient alternative procedure to fish vaccination, nutrient delivery, and effective in fish disease diagnosis and treatment. Fortification of fish diets with nutrient and non-nutrient bioactive components enhance the total nutrient profile balance of a diet and supplement nutrients recovery during feed processing. Administration of dietary nanoparticles provides an increase in surface area available for interaction with biological support. Incorporation of nanoparticles into the fish diet has been found to improve fish production and when employed as encapsulating materials, they serve as carriers for essential oils, flavour, antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals thereby facilitating their bioavailability to fish. The NPs of importance to fish nutrition include those produced from chitosan, copper (Cu), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), gold (Au), zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag). Various applications of nanoparticles in fish nutrition with their probable potential adverse effects are explored in this study with a view to devising fish management strategy that will maximize the full benefit of nanoparticles with little to no risk of toxicity.
APPLICATION OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENT AND STABILITY ANALYSES TO SOME TRAITS IN FORAGE LEGUMES
(Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems Journal, 2021) Ololade Latifat Abdulrahman; Oluwafemi Oluwatosin Lawal; Nofiu Babatunde Nofiu; Felicia Motunrayo Olooto; Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda; Hakeem Ishola
Background. Availability of quality feed in adequate quantity for animals is a perennial problem. Its search results in conflicts between crop farmers and herders. Objectives. This research investigated three forage legumes in order to determine the most yielding, adaptable and important traits that could be used for forage improvement. Methodology. The forage legumes were laid out in randomised complete block design across three environments. Data collected on growth and yield parameters were subjected to ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and stability analysis using additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI). Results The result showed that there was significant (p < 0.05) difference among the forage legumes for vegetative traits, stress traits and yield, hence, they could be through breeding. For biomass yield, PC1 and PC2 accounted for 75.16 and 24.84% of G x E respectively based on AMMI. Lablab purpureus is the most yielding, stable, adapted to rain forest and savannah zones, with yield of 28,948.69 kg/ha. PCA revealed that the first three PCs accounted for 87% of the total variation. There was positive and significant association between biomass yield and vegetative traits. Implication. Flourishing vegetative growth is a good indicator of biomass yield. Conclusion. It is recommended that extension agents should encourage the adoption of lablab for production of feeds for ruminants, as it can serve as sustainable land use measure considering the modern restriction on land availability for grazing and solution to incessant pastoral and crop farmers crises in the tropics.
APPLICATION OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENT AND STABILITY ANALYSES TO SOME TRAITS IN FORAGE LEGUMES
(2021) Ololade Latifat Abdulrahman; Oluwafemi Oluwatosin Lawal; Nofiu Babatunde Nofiu; Felicia Motunrayo Olooto; Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda; Hakeem Ishola
Background. Availability of quality feed in adequate quantity for animals is a perennial problem. Its search results in conflicts between crop farmers and herders. Objectives. This research investigated three forage legumes in order to determine the most yielding, adaptable and important traits that could be used for forage improvement. Methodology. The forage legumes were laid out in randomised complete block design across three environments. Data collected on growth and yield parameters were subjected to ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and stability analysis using additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI). Results The result showed that there was significant (p < 0.05) difference among the forage legumes for vegetative traits, stress traits and yield, hence, they could be through breeding. For biomass yield, PC1 and PC2 accounted for 75.16 and 24.84% of G x E respectively based on AMMI. Lablab purpureus is the most yielding, stable, adapted to rain forest and savannah zones, with yield of 28,948.69 kg/ha. PCA revealed that the first three PCs accounted for 87% of the total variation. There was positive and significant association between biomass yield and vegetative traits. Implication. Flourishing vegetative growth is a good indicator of biomass yield. Conclusion. It is recommended that extension agents should encourage the adoption of lablab for production of feeds for ruminants, as it can serve as sustainable land use measure considering the modern restriction on land availability for grazing and solution to incessant pastoral and crop farmers crises in the tropics.
Assessment of Hatchling Egg losses and Two Chick Sexing Methods in the Nigerian Indigenous Chicken
(2016) Akanbi, A. S., Adeyina, A.O., Fayeye, T. R.., Sola-Ojo, F. E., Amao, O. J., & Adesina, O. M.
Sex identification at day old and separate management of male and female birds is important milestones in the development of commercial strains of chicken. The aim of the present study is to evaluate hatchling egg loss as well as sex determination methods at day old and sexual dimorphism over 8 weeks in Nigerian local Chicken. A total of 360 eggs of Nigerian Indigenous Chicken (NIC) was used to investigate hatchling egg losses, Sex determination at day old and weekly linear measurements were taken on 100 randomly selected Nigerian local chicks.The NIC had high fertility (86.67%) and hatchability of 69.17%. The egg total weight loss and chicks’ weights were5.02 and 26.25g, respectively. The percentage hatching loss was 29.04%. The Japanese vent sexing of the chicks had higher (73.58%) percentage accuracy than feather sexing (62.26%). There were no significant differences between males and females in weekly body weight from 2-6 weeks of age. However, male chicks were significantly (p<0.05) higher in higher body weight (358.64g vs 283.21g),Body Length(28.28cm vs 26.09cm),Body Girth (17.57cm vs 16.16cm) and Wing Length (14.76 vs 13.61) at week 7. Generally, male chicks were significantly higher (p<0.05) in body length, body girth and wing length than female chicks from 1 to 8 weeks of age. It was concluded that male chicks could be separated from the female chicks using body weight at week 7 and above, but quicker results may be achieved by using morphometric traits like body length, body girth and wing length.
ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL VALUE OF TWELVE BROWSE LEGUME TREES USING IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION AND COEFFICIENT OF PREFERENCE TECHNIQUE
(2012) Ogunbosoye, D. O
Twelve tropical multipurpose browse plants were evaluated for their chemical composition, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), in vitro gas production characteristics and preference by the West Africa Dwarf (WAD) goats using cafeteria method. The crude protein content of the legumes ranged from 9.79 to 29.53 g/100 g DM and varied significantly (P< 0.05). Ether extract varied widely ranging from 6.0-13.1 g/100 g DM. The total gas produced at the end of 24 hrs of fermentation varied between 13.67 to 20.83 ml per 200 mg per DM. In-vitro characteristic parameters also varied significantly amongst the legumes. Initial gas (a) produced ranged from 0.00 to 4.67 ml, insoluble but degradable fraction (b) varied from 14.66 to 23.00 ml while a+b which is the potential degradability varied from 13.67 to 24.00 ml. Methane production ranged between 8.33 and 13.83 ml. Also, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and short chain fatty acid of the forages varied from 4.81 to 6.58, 37.20 to 52.09 and 0.27 to 0.57 respectively. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) varied significantly (P< 0.05), ranging from 41.82 to 65.55 g/100 g DM, 26.72 to 49.38 g/100 g DM, and 6.05 to 13.72 g/100 g DM respectively. The ash content of the plant species also varied significantly (P< 0.05), ranging from 5.14 in Albizia odoratissima to 8.93 g/100 g DM in Cassia fistulosa. A wide range of preference was observed, as Leucaena leucocephala was most preferred. The results showed that these browse species are potential sources of nutrients for ruminants as dry season basal forage.
Baseline Survey of Smallholder Fish Farming Enterprise in Moro Local Government, Nigeria
(IOSR, 2014) Adeniyi Olarinke Victoria; Folorunsho Bamidele; Olooto Felicia Motunrayo
Fish farming could improve livelihood of rural people and enhance community development. This study, thus, investigated engagement and interest of rural people in fisheries activities in Moro Local Government Area of Kwara State. 120 questionnaires, which were validated by three co-lecturers and with reliability co-efficient of 0.70, were randomly administered in three selected villages. Response was received from 102 people and the data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results indicated that about 60% of the respondents, most of which were married, earned monthly income ≤ N18, 000.00. Only 30.4% were engaged in fisheries activities such as fish hunting, fish processing and marketing, of which 2.0% were engaged in fish farming. 96 respondents indicated their interest in fisheries activities out of which 93.8% were willing to engage in fish farming. Lack of technical skills and capital were the main constraints to fish farming by these people. Training on fish farming techniques as well as access to credit facilities of the rural people was recommended. Fish farming could serve as means of employment and income generation resulting to poverty alleviation among the rural people.
Biological Control of Aflatoxin on Egg Production Performance of Laying Hens
(Sciencedomain international, 2020) Olayinka Abosede Ojo; Omololu Olusanya
The deleterious effects of aflatoxin have been well documented in the literature on livestock and animal products. Although toxin binders and some methods of mitigating aflatoxin has been proven to illicit a positive response, but the effectiveness of biocontrol method of mitigation on the laying performance, egg production and characteristics have not been fully documented. Therefore, effect of aflatoxin bio-control method (Aflasafe) on growth indices, egg production and characteristics of laying chicken (LC) were investigated in this study. 700 point-of-lay Bovan Nera (LC) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments: Aflasafe maize-based diet (AMBD), Farm Feed with toxin binder (FF+toxin binder), aflatoxin-contaminated diet with toxin binder (ACDTB) and aflatoxin contaminated diet without toxin binder (ACDWTB). The contaminated diets contained 306.3ppb aflatoxin and the experimental design was completely randomised with 4 treatments (n=175) and 5 replicates (n=35) per treatment for 14 weeks. Daily feed intake (DFI), Average egg weight (AEW), Average egg width (AEWd), Albumen length (AL) were determined using standard procedures. The DFI (g) of LC on ACDTB (113.54) and ACDWTB (115.13) was significantly lower than AMBD (124.66) and FF+toxin binder (129.06). The AMBD (1.45 g) significantly enhanced the AYD than other treatments. Aflasafe maize-based diet enhanced, egg characteristics in laying chicken. It also improved egg quality in laying chickens without adverse effect on the production. The use of aflasafe maize grain in poultry diet is recommended
Blood profiles of West African dwarf (WAD) growing bucks fed varying levels of shea nut cake based rations in Nigeria
(2018) Ogunbosoye, D. O; Akinfemi, A.; Ajayi A.D
Shea nut cake (SNC) is one of the agro-industrial by-products that could be used as ruminants feed. A total of 12 West African dwarf young bucks were used in a completely randomized design for an 84-day study to evaluate the blood profiles of goats fed diets of 0 % (T1), 10% (T2) and 20% (T3)SNC. The results revealed that there were slight significant differences in few of the blood parameters measured among the treatments. The haemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell ranged from 8.33–9.88 g/dl, 20.95–22.05% and 6.51–7.06 × 106/l respectively. The concentrations of mean corpuscular volume (21.83–22.17 fl), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (7.58–8.50pg) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (33.00–34.73%) varied significantly (p < 0.05), white blood cell varied from 8.46 to 12.75 μl and lymphocytes (%) ranged from 51.27 to 53.78. For serum biochemistry, values obtained for aspartate aminotransferase and total protein were similar. Cholesterol, alanine amino transferase and albumin varied significantly among the treatment
CANONICAL DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS OF THREE NIGERIAN MULTIPLE-PURPOSE CHICKENS AND MEAT-TYPE BROILER
(Trakia Journal of Sciences, 2025-09-30) A. O. Abdulraheem, Y. M. Bello, A. Mohammed, J. Adamu, M. M. Shettima, J. O. Aremu, J. Aliyu, A. O. Raji
PURPOSE: Canonical Discriminant Analysis was conducted on body weight and morphological characteristics of three Nigerian indigenous (normal feathered, naked neck, frizzle feathered) and Ross 308 broiler chickens reared at Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria using body weight, shank length, shank circumference, keel length, back length, thigh length and shank diameter. METHODS: Data were subjected to Canonical Discriminant analysis with chicken type as separation criterion using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. RESULTS: The descriptive statistics indicated superiority of Ross 308 over the indigenous types. Naked neck chicken was distinguished from other local types in most morphological traits. The first Canonical function accounted for largest amount between group variability (98.4%), second and third functions accounted for 1.0% and 0.6%. Back length, keel length and thigh length contributed significantly to total variance. The overall percentage of correctly classified cases was 75.8%. The proportion of individual chickens correctly classified in to their original group was 100% in the Ross 308; 76.7% in naked neck, 63.3% in each of normal and frizzle feathered. Overlap observed among indigenous chickens suggests genetic admixture. The Dendrogram distinguished Ross 308, an exotic from the indigenous chickens. Frizzle feathered was most distant among the indigenous strains while normal and naked neck chickens clustered together. CONCLUSIONS: The Ross 308 broiler chicken was superior to the indigenous chickens in body weight and morphological traits while naked neck was superior to other local types. This suggesting naked neck to be crossbred with Ross to develop indigenous broiler-types.
Carcass and Sensory Evaluation of Savannah Brown Goats Fed Maxigrain® Enzyme Treated Rice Bran Supplemented with Shea Butter Leaves
(NSAP, 2018) E.Z. Jiya; I.C. Alemede; Y.S. Kudu; H. Ishola; R.M. Adigun
This study examined the carcass characteristics and sensory evaluation of Savannah brown goats fed Maxigrain® enzyme treated rice bran supplemented with shea butter leaves. Thirty six (36) Savannah goats were randomly assigned to diets containing 0, 25, 50 and 75% Maxigrain® enzyme treated rice bran using a completely randomized design with 3 goats per replicate for eight (8) weeks experimental period. The dietary treatments showed no significant differences (P>0.05) on the live weight of the goats. There were significant differences (P<0.05) on the carcass characteristics of the goats fed different dietary treatments. There was no significant differences (P>0.05) on the goat’s meat quality fed with different dietary treatments as was recorded by the panelist for sensory evaluation of the goat meat.

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