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Genetic Algorithm Based Routing Algorithm for Packet Switching Network
(International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems (IJEECS), 2014) Ogunbiyi, O., & Ahmed, W. A.
The distributed nature of routers in a packet switching network (PSN) and the need for them to send packet to one another following an optimal path make routing algorithm a necessity. In this paper, genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to solve routing problem in a PSN. Computer simulation showed that GA approach obtain a result similar to Dijkstra’s algorithm (used in routing information protocol (RIP)) but with some improvement. The GA technique finds the optimal path between any source and destination nodes in a network. The network may be simple or complex, such that a feasible path or optimal path seems intractable. The developed technique was able to determine an entire route right from the source node, quick adaptation to changes in the network. It can also handle a numerous number of different constraints in the network. The binary coding used will also make it easier to implement in hardware.
Reliability Analysis of a 3-Machine Power Station Using State Space Approach
(Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 2014) Wasiu Akande Ahmed, Olalekan Ogunbiyi
With the advent of high-integrity fault-tolerant systems, the ability to account for repairs of partially failed (but still operational) systems become increasingly important. This paper presents a systemic method of determining the reliability of a 3-machine electric power station, taking into consideration the failure rates and repair rates of the individual component (machine) that make up the system. A state-space transition process for a 3-machine with 23 states was developed and consequently, steady state equations were generated based on Markov mathematical modeling of the power station. Important reliability components were deduced from this analysis. This research simulation was achieved with codes written in Excel®-VBA programming environment. System reliability using state space approach proofs to be a viable and efficient technique of reliability prediction as it is able to predict the state of the system under consideration. For the purpose of neatness and easy entry of data, Graphic User Interface (GUI) was designed.
A Complexity Metric for Multi-Paradigm Programming Languages
(International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 2014-04-22) Olabiyisi S. O.; Omidiora E. O.; Balogun M. O.
Software complexity metrics are used to measure variety of software properties such as cost, effort, time, maintenance, understanding and reliability. Most of the existing metrics considered limited factors that affect software complexity, but do not consider the characteristics of multi-paradigm languages. In this work, a Multi-paradigm Complexity Metric (MCM) for measuring software complexity was developed for multi-paradigm codes. Multi-paradigm languages that were used in this work combine the features of procedural and object oriented paradigms, therefore this research began with investigation of factors that affect the complexity of procedural code, thereafter with a more modern approach, the research was further extended by adding object oriented features, so that the developed metric could be used not only for procedural code, but also either object oriented codes or in more general meaning for multi-paradigm codes. The developed metric was then applied on sample programs written in most popular programming languages such as Python, Java and C++, and was further evaluated with other existing complexity metrics like effective line of code (eLOC), cyclomatic complexity metric and Halstead complexity measures. The study showed that the developed complexity metric have significant comparison with the existing complexity metrics and can be used to rank competitive programs and difficulties of various modules.
Mobile AntNet Routing for Mobile Ad hoc Network
(Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE), 2015) Javeed Basha Haroon, Abdulkadir Ahmed, Olalekan Ogunbiyi
Routing in a Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) still pose great challenges which need to be addressed. Whenever a routing algorithm is developed, it should address the need of improving the quality of service (QoS) requirements, these requirements ranges from throughput, less overhead, packet loss, security etc. This paper focus on designing a nature inspired routing algorithm called the Mobile AntNet for Mobile Ad hoc network. Much of the previous implementations of this algorithm have been revolving around the fixed networks and improving the QoS for fixed networks. The AntNet algorithm was implemented in mobile ad hoc network using NS-2.34 simulator, the implemented algorithm was compared with other traditional routing algorithms in terms of node transmission range, node mobility, number of nodes and node failure. Multiple simulations were performed to obtain a statistical output by varying the different simulation parameters and graphs were plotted against three important performance metrics: throughput, routing overhead and end-to-end delay. Simulation result shows the performance of the designed algorithm in terms of throughput, packet loss and node failure.
Optimal Data Collection from a Network using Probability Collectives (Swarm Based)
(International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science, 2015) Abdulkadir Ahmed, Olalekan Ogunbiyi, Tahir Aduragba
This paper contains the implementation of the BeeAdhoc algorithm for data routing in mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANet). The algorithm was inspired by the foraging behaviour of honey bees and its implementation mimics this behaviour. The integration was done on Network Simulator version 2 (NS-2.34) where different scenarios were considered in comparison with other existing state-of-the-art routing algorithms that have been implemented in the chosen simulator. The comparison was carried out between DSR, DSDV, AOMDV which are all multipath routing algorithms as the BeeAdhoc; this gave a better insight to the different behaviour of the algorithms on a common application environment. Throughput, end-to-end delay and routing overhead constitute the indices used for the performance evaluation. Experimental results showed the best performance of BeeAdhoc over, DSDV and AOMDV algorithms.
Automatic Generation of Root Locus Plots for Linear Time Invariant Systems
(Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 2017) Durutoye, N., & Ogunbiyi, O.
Design and analysis of control systems often become difficult due to the complexity of the system model and the design techniques involved. This paper presents the development of a Tools Box in Microsoft Excel for control engineers that uses root locus as a time domain technique for system design and analysis. The Tool Box can also serve as a computer-aided graphical analytical tool for trainers. The work was done in two phases: the first phase is the development of programmable algorithms for root locus using the angle condition and bisection method while the second phase is the implementation of the developed algorithms. The implementation was done using Microsoft Excel (R) Visual Basic Application (VBA). Results of simulations for different systems show the potential of the Tool Box as an alternative for other software package and the ease of using it on the readily available Microsoft Excel environment.
A Study of Energy Conversion at the Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station
(IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electro-Technology for National Development (NIGERCON), 2017) Thomas C. T., Akorede M. F., Ogunbiyi O., Olufeagba B. J., & Samuel S. J.
Hydroelectric power significantly contributes to the national power grid of Nigeria. This paper examined the extent of utilization of the energy supplied into each of the turboalternators at the Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station (JHEPS), Nigeria and suggests a corrective culture to be employed for improved efficiency. The basic principle of a hydropower scheme and its conversion considerations were highlighted. The daily discharge, Q, in cumecs and the power generated, P, in MW at JHEPS over a decade period (2005 – 2014) were analyzed using codes and scripts of Microsoft EXCEL-VBA. Jebba hydroelectric power station is one of the three major hydropower stations in Nigeria and the potential is just beginning to be exploited. The stochastic distribution pattern of the station is also presented for further analysis of failure and repair of the station. The conversion behavior of each unit was found to be linear and all have a value greater than 0.5 on a scale of 0.00 to 1.00. Turbo-alternator (TA) unit 1 was found to have the highest conversion characteristic of 0.9951, while unit 4 was the least at 0.6884. However unit 6 was exempted in this analysis as it was not in use during this period. The paper also gave an insight into the effective operating head of each TA, the paper also suggests the corrective measure to employ for each turbine.
Comparative Performance Evaluation Of Open Shortest Path First, OSPF And Routing Information Protocol, RIP In Network Link Failure and recovery cases
(2017 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electro-Technology for National Development (NIGERCON), 2017-05-20) Ayodeji Akeem Ajani; Bilkisu Jimada Ojuolape; Abdulkadir A. Ahmed; Tahir Aduragba; Balogun Monsurat
The effect of Network link failure is undesirable which necessitated redundant links for reliability. This implies that operations are switched between links in case of failure. In the modern world where speed matters, it is important to investigate how quickly different routing protocols, in this case, Open Shortest Path First, OSPF and Routing Information Protocol, RIP recovers in case of link failure in a mesh topology. The research was simulated using OPNET. It was modelled after the University of Salford main campus, using three of its building, Newton, Peel and CW library. There were several links in between the buildings. There network was configured for the two routing protocols in different scenarios to test for their performance in case of single and multiple link(s) failure and recovery. It was observed that RIP converges faster (11.21s) than OSPF (53.06s) at the initial stage of the network in all cases. However, OSPF converges faster (Average of 5s – link failure, Average of 15s – Link recovery) than RIP (Average of 18.57s- link failure, Average of 18.28s – link recovery) in both single and multiple link(s) failure/recovery scenarios.Therefore, based on the performance comparison, OSPF should be used in a network prone to frequent link failure as it performs better in this situation. However, RIP would be preferred
Assessment of Failure and Repair Behaviours of the Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station
(ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2018) Thomas, C. T., Ogunbiyi, O., Akorede, M. F., & Olufeagba, J. B.
Nigeria power generation is circa 4000 MW as at October 2016, this is far less than the national required value. Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station (JHEPS) is one of the three major hydropower stations in the country which its maximum average generation value is still less than the rated value of 578.4 MW. This paper presented some basic concepts of analysis of failure and repair. An algorithm was set up to extract the contiguous set of up-times and down-times to determine time-tofail (TTF) and time-to-repair (TTR) events, these events were analyzed for stochastic study. It was observed that the longest up time was 262 days and seen in turbo-alternator unit five, while the shortest was zero day and seen in the entire units except that of unit two. The longest downtime was 133 days and seen in the turbo-alternator of unit one, the least time-to-repair is a day and common to all the units. The frequency distributions for both TTF and TTR showed that 79% of TTF events and 57% of TTR events are distributed in the first 2 classes
Assessment of Failure and Repair Behaviors of the Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station
(ELEKTRIKA Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2018) Cornelius Temitope Thomas, Olalekan Ogunbiyi , Mudathir Funsho Akorede and Benjamin Jimi Olufeagba
Nigeria power generation is circa 4000 MW as at October 2016, this is far less than the national required value. Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station (JHEPS) is one of the three major hydropower stations in the country which its maximum average generation value is still less than the rated value of 578.4 MW. This paper presented some basic concepts of analysis of failure and repair. An algorithm was set up to extract the contiguous set of up-times and down-times to determine time-tofail (TTF) and time-to-repair (TTR) events, these events were analyzed for stochastic study. It was observed that the longest up time was 262 days and seen in turbo-alternator unit five, while the shortest was zero day and seen in the entire units except that of unit two. The longest downtime was 133 days and seen in the turbo-alternator of unit one, the least time-to-repair is a day and common to all the units. The frequency distributions for both TTF and TTR showed that 79% of TTF events and 57% of TTR events are distributed in the first 2 classes
A Comparative Analysis of Complexity of C++ and Python Programming Languages Using Multi- Paradigm Complexity Metric (MCM)
(International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2018-10-26) Balogun M. O.; Sotonwa K. A.
Software complexity metrics have used to quantifydifferent types of software properties such as cost, effort, time, maintainability, understanding and reliability. The existing metrics considered limited factors that affect software complexity, but do not consider the characteristics that affect complexity of multi-paradigm languages. In this work, a Multi-paradigm Complexity Metric (MCM) for measuring software complexity was developed for multi-paradigm codes. Multi-paradigm languages that were considered in thiswork are C++ and Python, these two languages combine the features of procedural and object oriented paradigms, therefore this research began with investigation of factors that affect the complexity of procedural code and object oriented code, so that the developed metric could be used not only for procedural code, but also either object oriented codes or in more general for multi-paradigm codes. The developed metric was then applied on sample programs written in most popular programming languages such as Python and C++, and the result of the developed metric was further evaluated with other existing complexity metrics like effective line of code (eLOC), cyclomatic complexity metric and Halstead complexity measures. The study showed that the developed complexity metric have significant comparison with the existing complexity metrics and can be used to rank numerous programs and difficulties of various modules.
Evaluation of Failure and Repair of the Jebba and the Shiroro Hydroelectric Power Stations
(Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 2019) Thomas C. T. , Ogunbiyi . O., Akorede M. F., Yahaya . B., Alabi . K. O., Olufeagba B. J.
Nigeria power generation hovers around 7000 MW as at January 2019; this is far less than the national required electricity per capita value. Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station (JHEPS) and Shiroro Hydroelectric Power Station (SHEPS) are two of the three major hydropower stations in the country in which their maximum average generation values are still less than the rated values of 578.4 MW and 600 MW, respectively. This paper presented some basic concepts of analysis of failure and repair. An algorithm was set up to extract the contiguous set of uptimes and downtimes to determine timebetween-failures (TBF) and time-between-repairs (TBR) events; these events were analyzed for the stochastic study. It was observed that the longest uptime was 262 days and seen in turbo-alternator unit five, while the shortest was zero day and seen in the entire units except that of unit two. For JHEPS, the longest downtime was 133 days and seen in the turbo-alternator of unit one, and the least time-between-repairs is a day and common to all the units. The frequency distributions for both TBF and TBR showed that 79% of TBF events and 57% of TBR events are distributed in the first two classes. For SHEPS, unit 3 was found to have the longest TBF with a value of 46 days, while the least was found in unit 1 with a value of 17 days
Optimal Control of Jebba Hydropower Operating Head by a Dynamic Programming
(Computer Engineering and Applications, 2019) Ogunbiyi, O., Thomas, C. T., Omeiza, I. O. A., & Akanni, J.
Nigeria with a generating potential of roughly 12,522 MW only supplies less than 20% of the national demand. This necessitates an optimal use of the Jebba Hydroelectric Power Plant whose optimal generation depends on the operating head. This paper presents the solution to an optimal control problem involving the operating head of the plant. An optimal control problem consisting of a model of the system dynamics, performance index and system constraints was solved using a dynamic programming approach. The control procedure was built on the integration of the nonlinear dynamical model by an Adams-Moulton technique with AdamsBashfort as predator and Runge-Kutta as a starter. The numerical solution, coupled with dynamic programming was employed in developing an optimal control procedure for the regulation of the operating head. The result presented shows the potential of the control procedure in determining the amount of inflow required to restore the operating head to a nominal level whenever there is a disturbance.
A Direct Optimal Control of the Jebba Hydropower Station
(2nd International Conference of the IEEE Nigeria Computer Chapter, NigeriaComputConf, 2019) Ogunbiyi, O., Thomas, C. T., Olufeagba, B. J., Madugu, I. S., Adebiyi, B. H., & Adesina, L. M.
The optimal power generation from the Jebba hydroelectric power station is subject to the reservoir operating head, weather-related factors, units’ availability and system dynamics. In this paper, a computer control system is designed to ensure safe operation and maximize power generation. The controller is an optimal controller, which determines the amount of inflow required to regulate the reservoir operating head. The control law is an optimal control procedure developed around the steepest descent and conjugate gradient algorithm. The algorithms determine the control signal and state trajectories for the minimization of a performance index defined for the regulation of the reservoir operating head. The results show that the two techniques are feasible in estimating an optimal inflow needed to move the reservoir operating head from any level to the nominal head. The two techniques were compared under different operating conditions of the hydropower system, the conjugate gradient algorithm performs better in terms of computational time. The control algorithm is recommended for use in the realization of a computer control system for the station.
A Nonlinear Control Model and Operational Support System for the Kainji Hydroelectric Power System.
(Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 2019) Ogunbiyi, O., Thomas, C. T., Omeiza, I. O. A., Akanni, J., & Olufeagba, B. J.
Over the past years, the hydropower model and control were largely based on classical and linear transfer functions, this was motivated by the available control system design techniques that were available and the desire to simplify the design procedure. Such a model is inadequate for dynamic study and design of hydropower station in the presence of uncertainties in the water head, discharge rate, elastic water effect, traveling wave effect, large variation power output and frequency. This research, therefore, focuses on developing a nonlinear model for the Kainji hydroelectric power station. The model relies on the energy conversion principles, inflows, discharge, evaporation rate and number of units on busbar. The parameters of the model were also estimated, and the model validated with an error within +1.4% to -3.6%. The model is expected to be used to determine the optimal control policies for the operation of the station and the release of water to the downstream.
A Nonlinear Control Model and Operational Support System for the Kainji Hydroelectric Power System
(2019) Ogunbiyi, O., Thomas, C. T., Omeiza, I. O. A., Akanni, J., & Olufeagba, B. J.
Over the past years, the hydropower model and control were largely based on classical and linear transfer functions, this was motivated by the available control system design techniques that were available and the desire to simplify the design procedure. Such a model is inadequate for dynamic study and design of hydropower stations in the presence of uncertainties in the water head, discharge rate, elastic water effect, travelling wave effect, large variation power output and frequency. This research, therefore, focuses on developing a nonlinear model for the Kainji hydroelectric power station. The model relies on the energy conversion principles, inflows, discharge, evaporation rate and number of units on the busbar. The parameters of the model were also estimated, and the model was validated with an error within +1.4% to -3.6%. The model is expected to be used to determine the optimal control policies for the operation of the station and the release of water to downstream.
Spatial Modelling and Analysis of an Electrical Distribution System
(Space Science and Technology for Sustainable Development AZOJETE, 2019) Ogunbiyi, O., Olayinka, A. A., & Ahmed, M. O.
The distribution of electrical energy to end-users in Nigerian communities is faced with diverse spatial problems leading to low voltage, overload on equipment, difficulties in fault tracing and delay in fault clearing. The traditional management system is not only manual but also has flaws such as difficulties in searching and updating previous records as well as no real-time information on their distribution assets. In this study, a geospatial technique was employed for the effective management of the electricity distribution system in Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria. Spatial information of distribution assets was collected from the field and used in the structural modelling of the distribution network in the ArcMap software. Analysis of the model and the available information showed that 80 % of the transformers were not properly located at the centroid of the load. The span of the network fairly conformed to standard as only 45.73 % were within 45-50 m. The result also showed that 40 % of the transformers were overloaded with an unbalanced load, hence the need for restructuring of the network
A Control Model of the Operating Head Dynamics of Jebba Hydropower System.
(Nigerian Journal of Technological Research (NJTR), 2019) Ogunbiyi O., Thomas C., Omeiza I. O. A. , Akanni J., Olufeagba B. J.
Electricity availability in Nigeria has been very poor over the years, underscoring the need for a better approach for managing generating resources. This paper presents the development of a dynamical model of the operating head of Jebba hydroelectric power plants for system studies and control system design. The mathematical model of the plant was developed from flow continuity conditions, some model parameters were obtained from the source while others were estimated from observations and analysis of the measured data. The developed dynamical equation was validated by comparing the response produced with values obtained by measurement. Upon integrating the model equation in the Microsoft EXCEL VBA® environment, a deviation of 2% from measured values was observed. Operators can therefore use the model as a decision support system, while control engineers can find the model directly applicable for optimal and robust control system design for the station.
Failure Behaviour of the Shiroro Hydroelectric Power Station Turbo-Alternators: A Performance Evaluation.
(ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD), 2019) Ogunbiyi, O., Thomas, C. T., Aluko, O., & Olufeagba, B. J.
A reliable electrical power supply is non-negotiable for national growth and development, as electricity is needed in virtually every sector of production and commercial activities. The Shiroro hydroelectric power station (SHEPS) commissioned in 1990 comprises four units of turbo-alternators made of Francis turbine rated at 150 MW each. In this paper, an EXCEL-VBA script was used to extract a contiguous set of up and down times which were used to compute ‘time-between-failures’ (TBF). The failure events and failure rate of each unit were estimated using the power generation data of the station from the year 2008 to 2015. A structured database was organized for accurate analysis. Unit 3 was found to have the longest TBF with a value of 46 days, while the least was found in unit 1 with a value of 17 days. The Reliability value of each unit was also computed and unit 3 was found to be the only unit having a value up to 70%. SHEPS was found to still be in its productive age and possesses a tendency of still generating close to the rated value if properly refurbished.
Optimal Control of the Cascaded Kainji-Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station Based on Conjugate Gradient
(ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2019) Ogunbiyi, O., Thomas, C. T., Omeiza, I. O. A., Akanni, J., & Olufeagba, B. J.
Electricity supply in Nigeria has been far below the estimated demand and the installed capacity of the plants. Hence, there has been continuous research on improving the performance of the existing plants, but the government mainly focuses on increasing the installed capacity. This paper presents the determination of the optimal release of water to maximize the energy generation potential of the cascaded Kainji-Jebba hydroelectric power station in Nigeria. The problem was formulated as an optimal control problem with an objective of minimizing the deviation of the head of the Jebba reservoir within a set limit. A conjugate gradient algorithm was then used as a direct solution to the optimal control problem. The computed control law and the resulting state trajectories of 2% error affirms the solution to be genuine and reliable. The algorithm is recommended for use in the design of a real time optimal controller for the system and a decision guide for the operators.

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