Department of Agriculture Economic and Extension Services

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Analysis of the impact of globalization on Nigerian agricultural output
(European Journal of Social Sciences, 2007) MO Adewumi, SA Salau, OE Ayinde, Ayodele Jimoh
This study provides an empirical evidence on the impact of globalization on Nigeria’s Agricultural output and also highlights the implications for rural development. The data used covered 1981 – 2000 and were obtained from secondary sources. The descriptive and multiple regression analyses were used to ascertain the extent and direction of relationship between Agricultural production in Nigeria and openness, GDP growth rate, inflation rate and population growth rate. The study revealed that agricultural share of the GDP was highest (41.00 percent) in the first quarter of liberalization. The crop sub sector remained the dominant contributor to agriculture’s share of GDP, followed by livestock, fishery and forestry in that order. The study revealed that the economy is still mono-dominated by the oil sector. The study revealed that about 60 percent of the variation in the ratio of agriculture to GDP was explained by degree of openness or globalization, exchange rate and inflation. These three explanatory variables are negatively related to the ratio of agriculture to GDP. The study revealed that it is unlikely for Nigeria to be fully integrated into the global economy given its peculiar features and state of the economy. Nigeria cannot afford to fully liberalize trade in the face of poor export performance. Nigeria has to restructure her economy, liberalize, deregulate and democratize her institutuions. This calls for a redefinition of the government roles,and liberaqlization of the private sector which is at the center of globalization. The government are to provide the basic infrastructure especially in the rural areas, efficient and transparent administration, good governance friendly investment environment, macro-economic and political stability and level playing ground for economic activities in order to realize the positive impact of globalizsation on Nigerian agricultural output and the diversification drive of the economy.
Impact of Internship Training on Faculty of Agriculture Undergraduates of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
(2008) Yusuf, O. J.; Okorie, V. O.; Ajayi, A. O.
This study assessed the impact of internship training on undergraduates of agriculture in the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The job aspirations and attitudes of preinternship and postinternship undergraduates toward studying agriculture and toward participating in internship training were compared and the students' preferred courses and reasons for studying agriculture were identified. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select an equal number of respondents from both preinternship and postinternship students; a pretested and validated structured questionnaire was used to elicit qualitative information from 130 respondents; frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the data; one-way-ANOVA test was used to test the hypotheses in order to make deductions from the data. The result of ANOVA revealed that at P ≤ 0.05 significance level, there were significant differences in the preinternship and postinternship students' attitudes toward studying agriculture and toward participating in internship training. However, at P ≤ 0.05 significance level, there was no significant difference in the job aspirations of preinternship and postinternship students. It was, therefore, concluded that the internship training changed only the attitude of postinternship students toward studying agriculture and participating in internship training, with no significant impact on the job aspirations of the students. Hence, the study recommended overhauling the internship training program through adequate funding, logistics, and curriculum revision; so as to enable it to attain its goals and promote improvement and retention of educated and able-bodied youth in the agricultural sector.
On-lending credit scheme to crop farmers in Nigeria: An appraisal of Ekiti State Agricultural Credit Agency (ESACA) scheme
(Journal of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Ecology, 2009) SB Fakayode, MO Adewumi, SA Salau, OA Afolabi
We performed an empirical economic analysis of the on-lending loan scheme of the Ekiti State Agricultural Credit Agency (ESACA), Nigeria. Specifically, we compared the cropping practices of the ESACA’s loan beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries as well as the structure of cost and returns and factors affecting farmers’ output. One hundred and sixty farmers’ households, comprising eighty beneficiaries and eighty non-beneficiaries were surveyed across Ekiti State. Descriptive statistics was used to examine respondents’ socio-economic characteristics while multiple regression analyses were used to identify factors affecting their level of food crop production. We found that a typical loan beneficiary was young, with at least the basic/primary education. The loan sum disbursed to each beneficiary was small; thus, the resultant gross margin from cropping activities of loan beneficiaries was low. However this was higher than that of non-beneficiaries because the beneficiaries farmed diversified crops, including a mix of food and cash crops. There is need for more funding of the ESACA scheme for enhanced performance. However, the agency should ensure better management and prompt disbursement of funds to farmers. Undue and unnecessary hurdles like collaterals and complex loan application processes should be avoided while farmers should be encouraged to venture into the more lucrative cash crop production
PRODUCTIVITY OF WOMEN FARMERS IN THE DERIVED SAVANNAH ZONE OF NIGERI~ PANACEA TO FOOD CRISIS
(Journal of Research in Agriculture, 2010) T. M. Yusuf,; F. Y. Okunmadewa,; Adenegan K.O.,; A.S. Oyekale.
There isfood crisis in Nigeria. Food supply can no longer meet up with food demand. Since Women Farmers are the major food producers in Nigeria, it implies that their productivity is significantly low. This study therefore, explored the potential for improving productivity of women farmers in the Derived Savannah Zone of Nigeria. Primary data were collected using multi-stage random sampling technique. Kogi and Kwara states were randomly selected from the six states in the zone. Following this was a random selection of two ADP administrative zones from each slate. A ramdom selection offour LGAs was then made, onefrom each ADP stratum from which four villages were selected per LGA. In the final stage 200 respondents were randomly selected from the villages on the basis of probability proportionate to size. Data were collected on socio-economic and demographic characteristics, institutional factors, quantities and prices of inputs and outputs. Data were analysed using Descriptive Statistics, Total Factor Productivity Analysis (IFP), and Ordinary Least Squares Regression (OLS) Analysis. The mean age and farming experience of the womenfarmers were 47.6 ± 9.5 and 20. 4± 12.3years respectively. Their mean farm size and number of plots cultivated were 1.8 ± 1.18 acres and 2.0 ± 0.84 respectively. Totalfactor productivity index ranged from 2.7 to 1,J 04.6 with a mean of 489.9 indicating low productvity level. Factors found contributing to low productivity include; year of farming .extension and land fragmentation. A unit increase in years of education and MEO would increase productivity level by 0.8872 (p<0.01) and 0.1061 (p
Challenges of Refocusing Extension Education Services for Private Agricultural Extension Delivery in Nigeria: Evidence from Nomadic Fulani’s Willingness to Pay for Extension Services in Niger State
(2010) Farinde, A.J.; Yusuf, O. J.; Z.F. Oyewale
This study investigated the willingness of nomadic Fulani to pay for extension services in Niger State and draw challenges for refocusing extension services to include nomads for private agricultural extension delivery in Nigeria. Data collected from one hundred nomadic Fulani were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to determine the amount that nomadic Fulani are willing to pay. The CVM result showed that a nomadic Fulani was willing to pay N3,655.91 for extension services per year.
Agricultural Researchers’ Awareness of the Causes and Effects of Climate Change in Edo State, Nigeria
(2011) Tajudeen Oyekunle Banmeke; Olugbenga Emmanuel Fakoya; Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda
The study assessed Agricultural researchers’ awareness of the causes and effects of climate change in Edo State, Nigeria. Data for the study were collected from 112 respondents and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicated that 45.5% of the respondents were between the ages of 31-50 years with 64.2% having a work experience of 5-10 years. Results revealed that 96.4% and 94.6% of the respondents were aware of gas flaring and oil spillage as causes of climate change. Also, 98.2% and 95.5% of the respondents were aware of increase in temperature and change in rainfall pattern respectively as some of the effects of climate change. There was a significant relationship between information sources and awareness of causes of climate change (r = 0.32; p < 0.05). It was recommended that agricultural researcher should be pragmatic and proactive in the pursuit of issues relating to climate change.
A Comparative Analysis of Crop Production Intensification and its Determinants among Kwara and Niger States Maize-Based Farming Households
(Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2011) SA Salau, MO Adewumi, OA Omotesho, OE Ayinde
Nigeria has been faced with food supply deficit in the past decades. Continuous increase in population density and the consequent pressures from competing demands for land over time have the tendency of worsening the Nigerian arable land situation in the foreseeable future, if unaddressed. Thus, this study compared crop production intensification and its determinants among Kwara and Niger States maize-based households. A total of two-hundred and fifty-two maize-based households were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using crop intensification index and Tobit regression model. Analysis revealed that Niger state households have higher crop intensity scores than those of Kwara state households. The estimated Tobit model revealed that market access, farm income and adoption of land management practices; and extension contact, farm income and adoption of land management practices are the significant variables among Kwara and Niger State maize-based households respectively. For sustainability of maize based production, there is the need for a policy option that addresses the provision of qualitative extension education and farming households’ access to market in the study areas.
The Influence of Crop Production Intensification on Technical Efficiency of Maize-Based Farming Households in Kwara State, Nigeria
(The International Journal of Organic Agriculture Research and Development, 2011) SA Salau, MO Adewumi, OA Omotesho, BA Tsoho
Efficiency Analysis is an issue of interest among economists in recent times, given that the overall productivity of an economic system is directly related to the efficiency of production of the components within the system. Thus, this study examined crop production intensification and technical efficiency of maize-based farming households in Kwara State, Nigeria. Data used for this study were obtained using structured questionnaire administered to 144 randomly selected maize-based farming households in Kwara state. The stochastic frontier production function methodology was used to empirically determine the level of technical efficiency of maize-based farming households as well as the factors that influence the efficiency. Given the specification of a Cobb-Douglass stochastic production function, in which the technical inefficiency effects are specified to be functions of several explanatory variables, the inefficiency effects of the smallholder farming households were significant. The estimated technical efficiency of the sampled households varied widely, ranging from 11.0% to 99.9%, with a mean value of 39.3%. Farming households were generally relatively not efficient, they still have room to increase the efficiency in their farming activities as about 60.7% efficiency gap from the optimum (100%) remains yet to be attained by all Kwara state maize-based farming households. Therefore, in the short run there is room for increase in technical efficiency of maize-based households in the study area. Farming experience, household size, credit access and crop production intensification were factors found significant in influencing the level of technical efficiency of Kwara state maize-based households.
Sociological issues in the production of endangered crops and livestock.
(Rural Sociological Association of Nigeria (RuSAN), 2011) Farinde, A.J.; O. T. Alao; Yusuf, O.J
Sometimes, we often hear people saying in "those days" we used to have, eat and use some crops and or livestock for food, aesthetic values, herbal or medicinal purposes, decorations, games, housing and environmental protection. The "those days" refers to the yester years - decade and century as time interval when the crops and livestock are found around in large quantities. Some of them are mostly underutilized, neglected and even destroyed due to destruction of their natural habitats. The underutilized and the neglected ones were left uncatered for, for long time, hence found in small quantities in isolated places. This makes people to often remark that some crops and livestock species are uncommon. The uncommon crops and livestock species are referred to as being "endangered". The endangered crops and livestock afterwards disappeared from the environment, and are regarded as being lost or gone into extinction.
YOUTH INVOLVEMENT IN PERI-URBAN AGRICULTURE IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA
(2011) Ayinde, J. O.; Yusuf, O. J.; Torimiro, D. O.
This study assessed the involvement of youth in peri-urban agriculture in Osun-state, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 113 youths from 6 Local Government Areas in the State. Frequency count, percentages, mean scores and standard deviation were used to summarize the data collected. Results revealed that majority (93.0%) of the respondents were unmarried, with mean age of 21.0 years and spent average of 8.0 years on formal education. Peri-urban agriculture enterprises in which the youths engaged were snailery (42.0%), bee keeping (31%), grass cutter rearing (13.0%), rabbit rearing (6.0%) and vegetable production (73.0%). Constraints inhibiting successful involvement in the identified peri-urban agricultural enterprises include: problem of inadequate extension service (30.0%), inadequate information about importance of peri-urban agriculture (27.0%) and problems of inadequate capital (26.4%). Age, years of education, income, sex and marital status were found to have significant association with the youth’s level of involvement in peri-urban agriculture
Organic agriculture as a roadmap for sustainable agricultural productivity and food security: Evidences from sub-Saharan Africa
(Association of Organic Agriculture Practitioners of Nigeria, 2011) Yusuf, O. J.; Kolawole, O. D.; Bamigboye, E.O.
In sub-saharan Africa (SSA), agricultural production is largely rain-fed and dominated by smallholder farmers. Amongst the attempts made towards improving the productivity of these smallholders are the introduction and use of synthetic fertilizers to enhance soil fertility, the use of chemical herbicides, cultivation of improved crop varieties, and provision of irrigation facilities to augment rain water, particularly during off season. Although most of these technologies are unaffordable to the SSA small farmers (e.g. fertilisers), Africa continues to rely heavily on the importation of agro-chemicals. The lopsided political economy and ecology of the African economies have thus made them totally dependent on Western agricultural technologies and foreign aids. Given the current scenarios, the resultant adverse effects of the excessive use of agro-chemicals have continued to have impact on the environment and human health. Nonetheless, the potentials of organic agriculture, which emphasizes the need to promote low-external input agriculture (LEIA) has not been properly and fully harnessed. Organic agriculture is a holistic system that promotes a healthy agri-food system right from production to distribution. It employs a number of strategies in maintaining as well as improving land productivity. It is a sustainable, environmentally friendly production system which can offer Africa and other developing countries a wide range of economic, environmental, social and cultural benefits, amongst which are enhanced food security; protection of natural resources, including soil and water quality; less dependency on foreign inputs and price volatility related to external inputs; and reduced illness and death associated with agro-chemical exposure. This paper employs a critical discourse analysis to review literature on the importance of LEIA on agricultural sustainability and food security. Amongst others, the write-up contested issues relating to harvest declines of agricultural crops due to lack of inorganic fertilizers; reduced income for small holder farmers as a result of decline in harvest of agricultural crop yields and the reasons why smallholder farmers need to adopt organic farming. By providing examples of success stories (case studies), the paper also makes an advocacy for organic agriculture as a panacea for enhanced agricultural productivity and food security in the SSA region.
THE GOLDEN SHEETS
(GOOD LUCK, ILORIN, 2011-09-23) ALFABANNI TUNDE AHMED
THE GOLDEN SHEETS IS A TWENTY CHAPTERS BOOK PREPARED IN ARABIC RHYME PROSE FOR DIFFERENT OCCASIONS. IT IS A TOP-NOTCH ARABIC WORK COMPRISED OF USEFUL ADMONITIONS..
An Analysis of Yam Storage Strategy to Promote Food Security in Asa Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria
(2012) JA Akangbe; OO Oloruntoba; IF Ayanda; SE Komolafe
This study examines the analysis of yam storage strategy to promote food security in Asa Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Data was collected from 110 respondents, using well- structured interviews schedule. The data was analysed using frequency distribution, percentages, means and probit model to test for significance. The study found that barn (47.3%) and indigenous plant materials (27.3%) were the common storage strategy used which are not capable of ensuring good storage for yam produce till off season. Probit model analysis revealed that the selected personal characteristics had significant (p<0.05) influence on farmer’s choice of strategy used. Deterioration of yam that reduces its quality (mean score 2.01) has also been the leading problem faced in marketing yam produce. It was concluded that these are one of the major reasons for food insecurity among farmers in the study area. It was recommended that farmers should be provided with information regarding improved storage strategies as well as exposed to training on their use.
Profitability and constraints to dry season vegetable production under fadama in Sudan savannah ecological zone of Sokoto State, Nigeria
(Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 2012) BA Tsoho, SA Salau
Many developing countries face major challenges to achieve food security in a sustainable manner, considering the increasing population, limited availability of land and water resources. Thus, the study centered on analysis of profitability of small-scale dry season vegetable production under fadama in Sudan savannah ecological zone of Sokoto State, Nigeria. A three-stage sampling technique was employed to collect data from one hundred and sixty respondents distributed in eighteen villages in the study area. Descriptive statistics and farm budgeting were employed to analyze the data for the study. The study revealed that vegetable farmers obtained an average gross margin and net farm income of N190, 024.36/ha and N173, 465.58/ha, respectively. While the return to owner’s labor and management is N84, 951.88, the rate of returns to investment is 97.20%. This indicates that small-scale dry season vegetable production under fadama in the area is profitable. From the viewpoint of this study, certain crops and crop mixture are more rewarding. It is therefore recommended that quite a substantial proportion of land should be devoted to the cultivation of these crops.
Determinants of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies among dry season vegetable farmers in Sokoto state, Nigeria
(BA Tsoho, OA Omotesho, SA Salau, MO Adewumi, 2012) BA Tsoho, OA Omotesho, SA Salau, MO Adewumi
This study investigated the determinants of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies among small-scale dry season vegetable farmers in Sudan Savannah (SS) zone of Sokoto State, Nigeria, using a stochastic frontier production function. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 155 respondents randomly selected from designated locations in the project area. The findings revealed that four variables (extension visits, source of irrigation water, crop diversification and location of the farm), two variables (extension visits and location of the farm) and three variables (extension contact, source of irrigation water and crop diversification) were found to be significant at different levels of significance for technical, allocative and economic efficiency, respectively. These variables were therefore the important policy determinants of inefficiency in study area. These results suggest that farmers’ location in vegetable farming and increased investment in extension services could jointly contribute to an improvement in efficiency of vegetable farmers in the study area
Economics of improved and local varieties of cassava among farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria
(Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 2012) A Muhammad-Lawal, SA Salau, SA Ajayi
This study was based on the economics of improved and local cassava varieties and its welfare effect on producing farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. A three-stage sampling procedure was used to collect information from 144 cassava farmers in the study area. However, only 120 pieces of questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed. Descriptive statistics, Gross Margin and Multiple Regression Analysis were the analytical tools employed for the study. The results of the study showed that a typical household comprised of 8 persons and the farmers were on the average 45.3 years of age. The profitability analysis revealed a Gross Farm Income (GFI) per hectare of N167,733 and N114,569 for improved and local varieties of cassava respectively. Multiple regression model was used to determine the factors influencing the output of cassava in the area. The result showed that farm size, age of the farmer and household size are the variables explaining the variation in output of cassava in the study area. Implicitly, this result showed that in other to increase cassava production, policies that ensure that these farmers have access to land should be emphasized. Also, a policy targeted at encouraging reduction in household size should be put in place for cassava farmers in the study area.
Technical efficiency and its determinants at different levels of intensification among maize-based farming households in Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria
(Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 2012) SA Salau, MO Adewumi, OA Omotesho
Examining the level of farm-specific technical efficiency of maize-based farming households in Southern-Guinea Savanna (SGS) of Nigeria, this study fitted cross-sectional data into a CobbDouglass production frontier. The study examined technical efficiency and its determinants among maize-based farming households at different levels of cropping intensification in the SGS of Nigeria. Data used for this study were obtained using structured questionnaire administered to 252 randomly selected maize-based farming households. Descriptive analysis, crop intensity index and the stochastic frontier production function methodology was used to achieve the research objectives. The study concludes that maize-based households can be grouped into high and low intensity farming households and are technically inefficient. The high intensity farming households are more technically efficient (78.2.4%) than those of low intensity households (30.1%). The main determinants of technical efficiency among the low intensity households are farm size, farming experience and access to credit. On the other hand, farm size and access to credits are the most important factors among the high intensity farming households. Providing farming households with both formal and informal credits will be a useful investment and a good mechanism for improving efficiency in maize-based farming. Policies that would make more lands available for the high intensity farming households must also be encouraged.
Assessment of vulnerability of farming households to climate change in Ekiti State, Nigeria
(Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 2012) A Muhammad-Lawal, SA Salau, AY Saka
Production systems and livelihoods in South Western Nigeria are at risk of climate variability and change. The study examined the vulnerability of farming households in Ekiti State of Nigeria to climate change. A total of 120 respondents were randomly selected, interviewed and used for data analysis. Results of the study indicated that the farming households in Ekiti State witnessed change in weather conditions as reflected in unusual downpour of rain thus affecting their productivity. Most of these household heads were young, males, literate, and experienced but relied mainly on personal savings and money borrowed from friends and relatives for farming. The results also indicated that climate change resulted in low productivity, low income, as well as poor standard of living of the respondents. The most widely adopted coping strategy by the respondents was to switch to other sources of income whenever there was unpredictable variation in climate condition. This study therefore calls for the need for government policy to encourage farming households in Ekiti State to obtain loan from banks and micro-credit institutions by reducing interest rate on loans for crop production as well as removing the stringent conditions attached to loans.
ECONOMICS OF LOCAL COW MILK PRODUCTS MARKETING IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
(Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 2012) Fakayode S.B.,; Olorunsanya, E. O,; Nwauwa L.O.E,; Yusuf, T.M,; Oyeleye O.O.
This study examined the local cow milk products marketing in Nigeria, using Kwara as a case study. Specifically, the study appraised socio-economic characteristics of local cow milk products marketers, the marketing profile and identified problems limiting marketing activities for local cow milk products. For the study 75 respondents were surveyed across the study area while data gathered were analysed using marketing margin and marketing efficiency analyses. Results show that only women were marketers of local cow milk products. The marketing chain for the commodity is simple and crude. It starts from the raw cow milk processors through retailers to the consumer. Local cow milk products include cheese: fried and raw, ‘nono’ (sour-milk), ‘mai sanu’(local butter) and ‘ori-amo’. However these products were poorly packaged. Estimated average marketing margin was 90.6 per kg of processed milk while the estimated marketing efficiency is 115.5%. Most respondents sourced their marketing funds solely from their meager personal savings. Problems militating against the local milk products marketing were lack of efficient storage facilities and the seasonal supply/availability of cow milk. Considering the study findings, there is the need for stake-holders in the milk market to work out necessary improvements in the quality of local cow milk products. Researches and relevant efforts aimed at increasing cow milk yields in the study area should be stepped up so as to facilitate raw milk availability. Better processing equipment for the local milk processing activities should also be researched into. There is also the need to provide credit facilities to local cow milk processors and traders alike as this will go a long way to supplement marketer’s personal savings
PERCEPTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE TRANSPORTERS ABOUT HIV/AIDS IN SELECTED RURAL COMMUNITY MARKETS IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
(2012) Adisa, B. O; Yusuf, O. J.
The study was carried out to determine the perception of produce transporters about the mode of contracting, preventing and control measures of HIV/AIDS in selected rural community markets in Ondo State, Nigeria. Nine community markets were purposively selected for the study based on availability of farm produce transporters in each of the rural community market. On the whole, 150 respondents were involved in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data collected, while inferential statistics, such as correlation was used to test the hypothesis set. Analysis showed that the average age of the respondents was 44, with standard deviation of 15. The respondents have perception about the fact that having many sexual partners can increase the risk of having HIV/AIDS (X=4.63), that abstinence from any kind of sexual intercourse prevents HIV/AIDS(X=4.49) and that HIV/AIDS can be controlled by promotion of healthy relationships and educational programmes in social and educational institutions(X=4.60). Analysis also showed that social organization (r=0.222:p≤0.05), years of formal education(r=0.479:p≤0.01) have significant relationships with the transporters’ perception about mode of contracting, preventing and controlling of HIV/AIDS. Also, age (r=-0.188:p≤0.05), household size(r=-0.245≤0.01) have significant relationship with their perception about the mode of contracting, preventing and control measures of HIV/AIDS and the relationship is inverse. The conclusion made from this study was that age, social organisation, years of formal education, household size of the produce transporters determine their perception about their mode of contracting, preventing and control measures of HIV/AIDS. This study recommended that more enlightened programmes be organized at public places and in mass media.

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