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Assessing Intercropping Population Models with Different Intercropping Efficiency Indices in a Cowpea/Maize Cropping System
(Asian Academic Research Journal of Multidisciplinary, 2013-12-18) A.I. Afe
Five component population ratios of cowpea and maize at two intercropping population models were studied during the 2008 and 2009 cropping seasons at Ejiba, located in southern Guinea savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. The two intercropping models were :( i) additive at component population ratios of 1.00C: 0.75M, 1.00C: 0.50M and 1.00C:0.25M and ( ii) replacement at population ratios of 0.75C:0.25M and 0.50C:0.50M.Sole cowpea and maize were included as control treatments. The treatments were factorially combined in a randomized complete block in three replicates. The intercropping efficiency was estimated using Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), Land Equivalent Coefficient (LEC), Area Time Equivalent Ratios (ATER) and Monetary Equivalent Ratio (MER) .The additive population model was consistently superior to replacement model in the system suggesting its preference in cowpea/maize intercropping system. The results of the study also showed that the biological yield advantage translated to monetary advantage only in the late maturing cowpea/maize system in the additive population model of 1.00C:0.25M (1.35 and 1.33 in 2008 and 2009, respectively). Based on this study, the MER is a good index to measure profitability in intercropping system.
EFFECT OF PRILLED AND GRANULAR UREA ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD ON CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus. L) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH, NIGERIA
(2022) A.I. Afe; A.I. Ayodeji; T.O. Ajiboye; U.Y. Ibrahim
A pot experiment was conducted between March and July 2021 at the screen house of the Department of Crop Production, Kwara State University, Malete in the Southern Guinea Savannah agro-ecology, Nigeria to evaluate the response of cucumber cultivars to prilled and granular urea. The study consists of three cucumber cultivars (Basma, Pico and Pointset) and two forms of urea (prilled and granular urea) and the control laid out in a 3×3 factorial combinations in a completely randomized design replicated three times. Data were collected on the following variables: number of leaves, vine length, leaf area, days to 50% flowering and fruiting, fruit length and fruit circumference, and fruit yield/ha. Data were subjected to Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and treatment means where significant difference exist, were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% level of probability. The control treatment significantly had shorter vine length at 4 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) compared to the granular and prilled urea application. Application of prilled urea was superior to granular urea on the vine length at 4 and 6 WAS. All the cultivars had similar leaf area at 8 WAS. There were no significant differences on days to 50% fruiting and fruit circumference among the three cultivars. The control treatment, however, took longer days to attain 50% flowering in Poinsett cultivar compared to other treatments. In addition, the control treatment also significantly had shorter fruit length, poor fruit yield compared to application of granular and prilled urea fertilizers. Application of prilled urea significantly produced higher fruit yield/hectare than granular urea in Basma and Pico cultivars. The least fruit yield/plant 5.00, 4.62, and 3.92 t ha1 respectively for Basma, Pico and Poinsett were obtained at the control treatment. Basma cultivar recorded the highest fruit yield (17.36 t ha-1 ) with application of prilled urea fertilizer and hence, recommended.
Effects of dietary Jatropha gossypiifolia leaves extract on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and disease resistance of African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila
(Taylor and Francis, 2024-08-19) O.V. Adeniyi; M.R. Adedayo; A.I. Afe
This study investigated the effects of Jatropha gossypiifolia leaf extract (JGE) on the performance and immune response of African sharptooth catfish. Fish (6.43 ± 0.26 g, n = 450, 30/repli cate) were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 g JGE/kg in triplicate for 84 days. Thereafter, the fish were injected with Aeromonas hydrophila and observed for 14 days. Fish fed 1.0–1.5 g JGE had higher (P < 0.05) weight gain, protein effi ciency ratio, and villi absorption area, with highest performance at 1.0 g JGE. All the fish fed JGE-supplemented diets had enhanced (P < 0.05) activities of glutathione-s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase, compared to fish fed control diet, while the variations in erythrocyte and leucocyte counts were insig nificant (P > 0.05). The post-challenge fish fed JGE- supplemented diets had higher lysozyme, phagocytic, and respiratory burst activities and survival than the control treatment
Growth and Yield of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) as Influenced by Combinations of Varying Levels of Nitrogen and Foliar Fertilizers
(2020-11) A.I. Afe; S.K. Ogundare; K. Fasakin
Purpose: Various foliar fertilizers are used alone or in combination with soil-applied inorganic fertilizers in Nigeria to increase crop growth and yield. Information on the mixture of foliar fertilizers and soil-applied nitrogen on sesame is scanty. This study investigated the growth parameters of sesame under the various combination of foliar fertilizer with nitrogen. Materials and methods: Five levels (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg N/ha) of nitrogen were combined with three foliar fertilizers (Maxiforce, Supergrow, and Plantzyme) using a 3 x 5 factorial in a complete randomized block design and replicated three times. Results: The nitrogen levels significantly influenced the number of leaves produced, leaf area, number of pods per plant, and seed yield. There were no significant effects among the foliar fertilizers on the growth and yield of sesame. Application of super grow in combination with 60kgN was appeared promising. The results of the study showed that mixing foliar fertilizer with nitrogen was found to improve the growth and yield of sesame
LEAF YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF BUNGU (Ceratotheca sesamoides Endl.) and BLACK SESAME (Sesamum radiatum Linn.) AS INFLUENCED BY AGE AT HARVEST IN THE SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA ECOLOGICAL ZONE OF NIGERIA
(2018) K. Fasakin; J.A. Olofintoye; A.I. Afe
Overall yield and the nutritive value of harvested leaves of bungu and black sesame at weekly interval were determined. The objective was to provide useful information for market gardeners and consumers. Field experimental plots, each 1 x 2 m in size, were laid out using 2 x 4 factorial structure in split-plot design with four replications and data collected at 7, 8, 9, and 10 weeks after planting (WAP). Detached plant leaves were subjected to proximate analysis in the laboratory. Means of two years’ results indicated that leaf and shoot yields per plant, and leaf-to-shoot ratio in the crop species were similar, but leaf and shoot yields per unit area of land were higher in black sesame (1.64kg and 5.35kg, respectively) than in bungu (0.97kg and 3.38kg, respectively). Generally, as age increased from 7 to 9 weeks, number and total length of branches, as well as number of leaves per plant also increased, and thereafter the increases were no longer significant. Leaf area per plant and leaf area index in the two crop species were similar between 7 and 9 weeks of age and thereafter declined. Based on the average of two years’ results, the highest leaf and shoot yields per plant (5.48g and 18.73g, respectively) and per m2 of land (1.49kg and 5.16kg, respectively) were obtained at 9 weeks of age. In terms of the nutritive value of the leaves, the levels of crude protein and total ash in black sesame and bungu leaves, respectively, were significantly higher at 7 weeks after planting (protein: 33.68%, 34.65%; ash: 10.75%, 13.00%) than at 8 weeks (protein: 28.55%, 28.50%; ash: 8.88%, 10.88%), 9 weeks (protein: 28.33%, 28.18%; ash: 8.88%, 10.00%), and 10 weeks (protein: 28.83%, 26.08%; ash: 9.00%, 10.63%). Considering both the quantity and nutritive value of leaf yield, 8 - 9 weeks after planting the crop appears to be the optimum age to harvest the leaves of the crop species for culinary use.
Response of Cowpea Cultivars of Contrasting Maturity Dates to Varying Components Population Ratios of Early Maturing Maize
(Faculty of Agriculture, Nnamdi Azikwe University. Nigeria, 2013-09-17) A.I. Afe; J.A Olofintoye
A field experiment was conducted in 2008 and 2009 cropping seasons at Ejiba (180 180N, 50 39°E), located in the Southern Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria, to determine the response of cowpea of three maturity groups (early, medium and late maturing) to varying component population ratios of maize. Five intercrop component population ratios viz; 100%C: 75%M, 100%C: 50%M, 100%C: 25%C, 75%C: 25%M and 50%C: 50%M (where C and M represented cowpea and maize respectively) were used. Sole cowpea and maize were included as control treatments. The treatments were arranged as factorial in a randomized complete block design in three replicates. The Late maturing cowpea produced more branches and pods than the early and medium varieties either as sole or intercrop in all population ratios observed. Percentage yield reduction in medium maturing cowpea was higher than those recorded in the other varieties at all population ratios tested. The highest intercrop yield of cowpea (2.65t/ha and 2.80t/ha in 2008 and 2009, respectively) were obtained in late maturing cowpea at component population ratio of 100%C: 25%M. Intercropping maize at 75% full population with late maturing cowpea recorded the highest Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) (1.33 and 1.34 respectively, in 2008 and 2009). Similar LER and ATER values were obtained in the early cowpea/maize system at this component population ratio. These results clearly showed the superiority and suitability of intercropping early and late maturing cowpeas at full population with early maturing maize at 25-75% full population particularly when the component crops are planted at the same time.

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