Department Of Zoology

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A Study of the Use of Honey and Ethno-biological Components in Nigerian Trado-medical Practices
(British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 2014) Ajao, Adeyemi Mufutau; Oladimeji, Y.U.; Babatunde, S. K.; Obembe, A.
Trado-medical practice variously referred to as ethno-medicine, folk medicine, native healing, and alternative medicine, is an ancient and culture-bound method of healing used against various diseases threatening human existence and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of honey and other ethno-biological components in the treatment of different ailments in Kwara State, North central Nigeria. Structured questionnaire and interview schedule were used to collect information from 280 respondents (120 herb sellers and 160 trado-medical practitioners). The result revealed methods of remedies’ preparation such as infusion, decoction, maceration, extraction, squeezing, soaking, shredding, grinding/pounding, and drying while the mode of use include: drinking, chewing, licking, eating, and topical application. It was also observed that 20 plants and 6 animal products distributed across 18 and 5 families respectively were being used in combination with honey for the treatment of arthritis, toothache, cold, chronic cough, stomach ulcer, diabetes, wounds, hypertension, low sperm count, ear defect, rheumatism, malaria and infertility among others. The knowledge of trado-medical practices elicited could serve as a basis for further drug discovery, pharmacological research and bio-prospecting.
ASSESSMENT OF CONTRIBUTION OF APICULTURAL PRACTICES TO HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
(International Journal of cience and Nature, 2013) Ajao, Adeyemi Mufutau; Oladimeji, Y.U.
Agriculture and biotechnology including beekeeping offers an unexploited succor capable of salvaging the people from abject hunger and poverty. Honey bee and its products are frequently used in diverse ways and contribute to agricultural development through crop pollination and income to farmers. The study examined contribution of apiculture practices to household income and poverty alleviation in Patigi and Irepodun areas of kwara State, Nigeria. A random sampling technique was used to select 120 bee farmers for the study. Primary data were obtained with the aid of structured questionnaire and interview schedule. Descriptive statistics, gross margin and OLS model were employed in data analysis. The results revealed that bee farmers were at productive age with mean age of 45 years. The literacy rate was very low while the bulk of the bee farmers had subsidiary occupations to supplement their income. Average net return per litre of honey produced ranges from ₦1200 to ₦1500 while average income per season per colony ranges from ₦7500 to ₦10000.The postulate explanatory variables explained 72.5% in the variation of volume of bee produced. However, all the explanatory variables included in the factors affecting bee farmer income explained 81.4% in the variations in income earned by bee farmer. Given the opportunity and amazing potentials for widening export base for apiculture in Kwara State, it was recommended that the government at all levels should provide social services and ensure that bee farmers are educated to ensure proper understanding of indices of bee production with attendance boost in honey.
Bee propolis as protectant of stored grains against insect pests’ damage in Kwara State, Nigeria
(Technoscience Journal for Community Development in Africa, 2020) Ajao, Adeyemi Mufutau; Ojo, James Adebayo; Bamidele, Julius Akolawole; Oladimeji,Yussuf Uthman
The importance and widespread use of stored grains is potentially negated by insect pests and lack of efficient and environment friendly control methods. In this study we explored the use of propolis extracts as protectant of grains against damage caused by Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus. Bee propolis collected from beehives was diluted with ethanol to obtain 0%, 10%, 30%, 50% and 100% concentrations. 5ml each of the concentrations of propolis extract was applied to 100 g each of maize and cowpea grains infested with 10 pairs of tenera maize weevil and cowpea weevil respectively in 250 cm3 kilner jar and left for 35 days. Each treatment was replicated four times and arranged in the laboratory using completely randomised design. Data were collected on percentage grain damage, weight loss and insect mortality. Bee propolis extract significantly reduced (P < 0.05) grain weight loss and damage, and enhanced insect mortality. The effectiveness of propolis extract was concentration-dependent. The phytochemical analysis of Apis mellifera propolis showed the presence of compound like phenol, flavonoid and tannin. Propolis extract application could be incorporated into integrated pest management (IPM) practices.
Determinant of Rural Household Poverty Nexus Fuel Consumption among Fisherfolks in Kwara State, Nigeria
(Journal of Scientific Research & Reports, 2015-05-02) Oladimeji, Y.U.; Abdulsalam, Z; Ajao, Adeyemi Mufutau; Adepoju, S.A.
The study examined rural households’ fuel consumption pattern in Kwara State, Nigeria. Primary data using a structured questionnaire and interview were administered to select randomly 110 rural farming households. The result revealed a link between forests, agricultural production and poverty as about 79% of sampled respondents titled towards using biomass for their energy sources. About three-fifth (63%) of the rural fishery households could be considered to have a low energy expenditure pattern because they fell below energy poverty line of ₦640 ($4.05) per adult equivalent per month. Result also estimated the log-likelihood ratio to be ˗28.7, the adjusted R-2 of 0.557 implies that the explanatory variables were collectively able to explain about 56% of the total variation in energy consumption pattern among the rural households. The study recommend designing more economical, efficient and less pollutants cooking stoves and lighting equipment that uses local bio-fuels (renewable) and harnessing modern energy source to supplement the use of biomass for rural farming households to reduce energy poverty level.
ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY DIFFERENTIALS IN HONEY BEE ENTERPRISES: IMPLICATIONS FOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY IN KEBBI AND KWARA STATES OF NIGERIA
(Gashua Journal of Irrigation and Desertification Studies, 2016) Oladimeji, Y.U.; Ajao, Adeyemi Mufutau; Abdulrahman, S.; Suleiman, R.; Bolaji, A.M.
The total honey produced in Nigeria is usually inadequate, not documented and the country only meets the domestic consumption partly from the public based farm, local farmers and mostly import from other countries.This paper examines the Technical Efficiency (TE) gaps between traditional and modern honey bee enterprise in Kwara and Kebbi States, Nigeria. The multistage sampling technique was employed in randomly selecting 80 beekeepers comprising 30 traditional beekeepers from each State and 20 modern beekeepers from both States. The main tools of analysis were descriptive and inferential statistics. Empirical result showed that the mean TE value for modern production system was about 0.84 compared to traditional unit with 0.59. This is an indication that on the average, the bee farmers were operating TE of 0.16 and 0.41 below the frontier for modern and traditional systems respectively. TE coefficients of number of hives (0.29); adjusted hired labour (0.21) and number of baits (0.08) in modern bee farming and traditional bee farming adjusted family labour and number of baits coefficients (-0.05; 0.43) shown that these variables increased TE. A positive mean difference of about ₦6,752 in income was realized among bee farms that adopt new bee farm equipments. The demand-supply gap of honey products could be bridged and sustainable increased output could be achieved if farmers adopt a new techniques and improved their technically efficiency as ample opportunity still exist to move closer to frontier.
Farmers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Bee Pollination of Watermelon and Soybean in North-Central, Nigeria
(Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 2017) Ajao, Adeyemi Mufutau; Ola
Given the sheer size of the Nigerian population, increasing at geometric rate while food production increases at arithmetic rate, crop pollinations have important implications for nation food self-sufficiency and the sustainable increases in food production. This work was undertaken to assess farmers’ knowledge, attitude and perception of bee pollination activity vis-à-vis watermelon and soybean production in North-Central, Nigeria. A field survey comprising questionnaire administration and group discussion of the watermelon and soybean farmers was conducted in 10 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kwara State, North-Central Nigeria. A total of 160 farmers consisting of 80 watermelon and 80 soybean farmers were randomly sampled. The main tools of analysis were descriptive statistics and propensity score matching. The results revealed that the average age of watermelon and soybean farmers were 43 and 45 years, mean education index of 4.1 and 4.6 years respectively, household size of 8 and adjusted size of 7 for both and average annual income of ₦120550 ($430.54) and ₦135600 ($484.29) respectively. The empirical results also revealed there is a significant difference in average annual farm income and crop yields among watermelon and soybean farmers who adopt bee pollination services and non-adopters. The study recommends the need to enlighten and assist farmers through extension agents to imbibed bee pollination service for insect dependent crop production.
Isolation and Identification of microorganisms in comb and body parts of wild and domesticated honey bees of two ecozones of Nigeria
(Erudite Journal of Microbiology and Biodiversity, 2013) Ajao, Adeyemi Mufutau; Babatunde, S.K.
The survival of the honey bee depends on the successful defense against microbial invaders, parasites and predators. This research was carried out to isolate and identify microorganisms associated with the honeybees of two ecological zones of Nigeria. Thirty adult worker honeybees were collected from the wild, modern and traditional beekeeping methods and analyzed for microbial presence. The body and bee comb were swabbed using sterile normal saline moistened swab stick. The swabs were diluted, homogenized and cultured for microbial growth. The contents of the fore, mid and hind guts were emptied, homogenized and cultured. 1ml of homogenized sample was diluted, from this into four sterile dilutions of 1/20 1/40 1/80 and 1/160. 1.0 ml each of dilutions which was inoculated into molten Sabourand dextrose Agar (SDA) containing tetracycline for fungi growth, while nutrient agar and De Ma Rogossa Sharbroth (MRS) agar were inoculated for the bacteria. SDA plates were incubated at 30o C for 3 days while SDA and MRS were incubated at 37oC overnight. The total number of colonies forming units (CFU) per plate was counted and was correlated to the dilution factor. Each different colony was identified using morphological and biochemical tests. The microbial examination of the comb, body and gut of the bees showed the presence of six moulds and fungi: Mucor hiemalis, Penincillium frequentans, Aspergilus repens, Rhizopus stolonifer, Geotrichums sp. and Botryotricum sp. and three bacteria species in the three beekeeping methods in both ecological zones. The species of the bacteria encountered were: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptobaccillus sp. and Baccillus pulyifacien. Some of the isolated microbes such as Mucor hiemalis, Aspergilus species and Rhizopus species have been implicated as causative organisms of chalkbrood disease of bee. Further research is been suggested for the roles of the isolates in much dreaded CCD.
Profit Efficiency of Concrete and Earthen Pond Systems in Kwara State, Nigeria: A path towards Protein Self-Sufficiency in Fish Farming
(Nigerian Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2017) Oladimeji, Y.U.; Abdulsalam, Z.; Mani, J.R.; Ajao, Adeyemi Mufutau; Galadima, S. A.
SERICULTURE FARMERS’ PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE OF BOMBYX MORI AJ X AC HYBRID COCOON REARED WITH S30 MULBERRY LEAVES UNDER NIGERIAN TROPICAL CONDITION
(FUDMA Journal of Sciences, 2020) Ajao, Adeyemi Mufutau; Oladimeji, Y. U.; Olawuwo, A. O.; Jayeola, A. V.
The study examined the sericulture farmers’ perception and the effects of S30 variety Mulberry leaves on the overall performance of the Bombyx mori L. AJ X AC Hybrid under the Nigerian tropical condition. A field survey of demographic status, Knowledge, Awareness and Perception (KAP) of sericulture practices was conducted using questionnaire and interview schedule. Also mulberry plant was cultivated and the leaves were used for feeding the reared silkworm. Evaluation of nature and characteristics of produced cocoon of silkworm was conducted. The result of the study revealed that majority of farming household heads 22(73.33%) and KWASU university staff 10(83.3%) fell between the age range of 31-50 years while the bulk of the students 24(96%) ranged between 20-30 years of age. The farming household head 10(33.3%), KWASU staff 10(83.3%) and all students respondents attended at least secondary education. KAP statements result indicated that bulk of the respondents (92.53%) were aware of government established sericulture centers, majority (95.52%) were cognizant of Mulberry plant leaves in feeding silkworm, 89% aware about rearing of silkworm and processing centers. About half of the respondents were either familiar with sericulture processes (52.23%) or participated in sericulture training (52.23%). The bulk of the sericulture respondents (74.63%) obtained their information about sericulture through informal sources, while (55.2%) got information from relatives and (32.8%) from extension agents. Based on the results of the study, the crossed variety (AJ X AC) has high quality, performed better in the parameters evaluated and recommended for adoption for quality silk production under Nigerian tropical condition.
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF MOSQUITO VECTORS IN A RICE GROWING COMMUNITY IN KWARA STATE, NORTH CENTRAL, NIGERIA
(Mun. Ent. Zool., 2014) Ajao, Adeyemi Mufutau; Adeleke, M. A.
Studies were carried out to determine the species composition and seasonal abundance of mosquito fauna in Lafiagi, a swampy rice growing community in Kwara State, Nigeria. Adult mosquitoes were collected weekly by both indoor and outdoor methods using human landing catches and residual spray techniques between August 2009 and July 2010. Four species of mosquitoes namely, Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, Culex quinquefasciatus, Mansonia africana and Aedes aegypti were caught during the study. Anopheles gambiae s.l accounted for the highest number of mosquitoes caught (39.61%). Though, there was no significant difference in species abundance (p>0.05), the seasonal abundance showed significant variation with more mosquitoes during the wet season than the dry season. The preponderance of the mosquito vectors (most importantly the malaria vector) in the community signifies the need for planning effective mosquito control measures to maintain the healthy living of the residents at the study area towards ensuring food security.
Species composition, relative abundance, and diversity of termites (Blattodea: Insecta: Isoptera) in the Kwara State Univerity Campus, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria
(AGRICULTURA TROPICA ET SUBTROPICA, 2024-08-25) Adeoye, Abubakar Abdullahi; Ajao, Adeyemi Mufutau; Ojo, James Adebayo
Termites are widely dispersed throughout the tropics and attain the highest diversity and abundance in the rainforests of Africa. Understanding their diversity in areas with human activities can provide insights into the local biodiversity and health of the ecosystem. The present study investigated the abundance and diversity of termite species at the Kwara State University campus. The study area was divided into five zones, and thorough examinations of all microhabitats were conducted to detect termite presence. Random handpicking and transect sampling methods were employed to evaluate termite diversity. There were 353 instances of termites encountered between May 2021 and August 2022. The analysis revealed eight termite species in seven genera and three subfamilies. Among these, Trinervitermes geminatus had the highest relative abundance at 48.7 %, whereas Fulleritermes tenebricus had the lowest at 1.98 %. All identified species belonged to the family Termitidae, with subfamilies Nasutitermitinae accounting for 50.7 %, Macrotermitinae for 37.7 %, and Termitinae for 11.6 % of the species. Grass-feeding Trinervitermes geminatus was the most frequently collected species, followed by fungus‑growing Macrotermes subhyalinus; both were found across all five campus zones. The species diversity and richness indices observed in the five zones were moderately high. The considerable abundance of termites within the university campus suggests their significance in the ecosystem. There is a need to document termite species present in an ecosystem with human activities because it helps to monitor biodiversity loss in the environment.
Species composition, relative abundance, and diversity of termites (Blattodea: Insecta: Isoptera) in the Kwara State Univerity Campus, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria
(AGRICULTURA TROPICA ET SUBTROPICA, 2024-08-25) Adeoye, Abubakar Abdullahi; Ajao, Adeyemi Mufutau; Ojo, James Adebayo
Termites are widely dispersed throughout the tropics and attain the highest diversity and abundance in the rainforests of Africa. Understanding their diversity in areas with human activities can provide insights into the local biodiversity and health of the ecosystem. The present study investigated the abundance and diversity of termite species at the Kwara State University campus. The study area was divided into five zones, and thorough examinations of all microhabitats were conducted to detect termite presence. Random handpicking and transect sampling methods were employed to evaluate termite diversity. There were 353 instances of termites encountered between May 2021 and August 2022. The analysis revealed eight termite species in seven genera and three subfamilies. Among these, Trinervitermes geminatus had the highest relative abundance at 48.7 %, whereas Fulleritermes tenebricus had the lowest at 1.98 %. All identified species belonged to the family Termitidae, with subfamilies Nasutitermitinae accounting for 50.7 %, Macrotermitinae for 37.7 %, and Termitinae for 11.6 % of the species. Grass-feeding Trinervitermes geminatus was the most frequently collected species, followed by fungus‑growing Macrotermes subhyalinus; both were found across all five campus zones. The species diversity and richness indices observed in the five zones were moderately high. The considerable abundance of termites within the university campus suggests their significance in the ecosystem. There is a need to document termite species present in an ecosystem with human activities because it helps to monitor biodiversity loss in the environment.
Structure, production and constraints of honey hunting and traditional beekeeping activities in patigi, Kwara state, Nigeria
(Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 2015) Ajao, Adeyemi Mufutau; Oladimeji, Y.U.
Honey has continued to play an important role in nutrition and medicine; it is an ingredient in many herbal remedies and a crucial component of the bride price for many tribes in Nigeria. Several methods and structures including traditional, modern beekeeping, and age long honey hunting are employed to obtain honey for its several uses. This study aims to study honey bee farming structure; production capacity and constraints faced by both honey hunters and traditional beekeepers. A proportional random sample size of 190 bee honey farmers comprising of 110 bee honey hunters and 80 traditional beekeepers were used for the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and direct participation. The results of the study indicated that about 53% and 70% of the honey hunters and traditional beekeepers were within 20-30 years and 31-40 years of age respectively. The result also revealed that 86.3% of honey hunters and 87.5% of beekeepers employed smoking as mean of honey harvest. Further, 4.7litres, 4.8litres, 5.8lites and 6.2litres of honey were harvested from tree cavities, colonies on tree branches, woven grasses and calabashes respectively. Provision of necessary modern beekeeping tools, training, and credit facilities could minimize constraints faced by bee farmers and improve their welfare.
SURVEY OF CROP- PLANTS AND HONEY BEE POLLINATION: A STIMULUS TO FOOD SECURITY IN KWARA STATE NIGERIA
(Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 2018) Ajao, Adeyemi Mufutau; Oladimeji, Y.U.; Aderolu, I.
The relevance of honey bees and their role in pollination and consequently in food production can not be over overemphasized. This present study was planned to observe, document bee’s pollinators’ activities, identify common bee forage plants, as well as investigate bee/plant interaction. The study was conducted at five research bee farms (apiaries) which were purposefully selected due to their locations and standard. These include Afon, Amberi, Buari, Kwara State University Malete and University of Ilorin apiaries located within guinea and derived ecological zones of Kwara State, Nigeria. The study involves a survey of types of plants visited by worker honey bees for nectar and/or pollen in and around the apiaries, collection and identification of plant species types. The result of the study on the frequency of bee visitation among foraging plants revealed Parkia biglobosa (18.71%); Azadiracta indica (17.14%); Anarcadium occidentale (14.93%) at the Guinea savanna, while Moringa oleifera (17.97%); Pisdium guajava (17.12%) and Butyrospermum parkii (12.88%) were recorded at derived savannah areas. On food crops visited by bees Arachis hypogea (24.06%); Phaseolus vulgaris (22.29%); Abelmoschus esculentus (21.59%) and Citrullus colocynthis (16.35%) are most important food crops while cereal crops include Zea mays (0.21%) and Sorghum bicolor (0.14%) were less visited by honey bee. Cultivation of a wide variety of bee plants to provide adequate incentive for the bee colony and avoid Apis mellifera swarming occasioned by inadequate nectar and pollen is among the suggestions proffered.

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