ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIALS OF SOME BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IDENTIFIED FROM THE METHANOLIC KERNEL EXTRACT OF Anacadium ocidentale in vitro and in silico INVESTIGATIONS
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Date
2022-07-27
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African journal online
Abstract
The phytochemical components of roasted kernel of cashew nut (Anacadium ocidentale), its
antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic potentials were investigated via in vitro and in silico. The
roasted kernel of cashew nut was extracted in 95 % methanol. Using boron trifloride (10 % in 1
butanol), the extract was derivatized and the derivatized sample was analyzed using a Gas
Chromatographic–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method to establish its chemical constituents.
Antioxidant potential was evaluated through 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2′
azino-bis-(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS•+) radical scavenging assays. The
anti-hyperglycemic potential of the crude methanol extract was investigated through α
glucosidase assay. The results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of
phytochemicals such as phenols, glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrate, flavonoids and
terpenoids. Total numbers of 20 phytochemicals belonging to different classes of natural products
were identified by GC-MS analysis. Carbonic acid, dodecyl vinyl ester (45.9 %) was found to be
the major compound. Other compounds like N- serylserine, D- fructose, 3-0-methyl, β- Amyrone,
β- Amyrin, Lupeol and 9- octadecenoic acid were also identified. The methanol extract of roasted
cashew kernel showed highest DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 10 ± 0.001 µg/mL) which is
statistically similar to positive controls, vitamin C and rutin (IC50 = 4 ± 0.001 and 1 ± 0.0001
µg/mL) and also exhibited moderate ABTS scavenging activity (IC50 = 14 ± 0.001 µg/mL) which
is statistically significant as compared to positive controls, vitamin C (IC50 = 13 ± 0.01 µg/mL)
and rutin (IC50 = 16 ± 0.001 µg/mL) respectively. The result of enzyme inhibition assay showed
that the extract possesses highest anti-hyperglycemic potential against α-glucosidase with IC50
value (0.00024 ± 0.00002 µg/mL) compared to standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 0.417 ±0.021
µg/mL). The in silico techniques comprising the molecular docking, bioactivity and toxicity studies
provides insight into the inhibitory properties, structure-activity-relationship predictions and
drug-likeliness activities of the identified compounds. The research reveals the bioactive components
present in the roasted kernel of cashew nut that can be utilized for its antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic
properties. Hence consumption of roasted cashew kernel could be beneficial for the treatment of diabetes
mellitus and prevention of oxidative stress-related degenerative disorders.
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Citation
Ahmed, S. A., Ajiboye, A. T., Ibrahim, Y. A., Olagunju, A. T., Salau, S., & Adetunji, O. (2022). Anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant potentials of some bioactive compounds identified from the methanolic kernel extract of anacadium ocidentale in vitro and in silico investigations. Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research, 27(1), 061-082.